QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH AND TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE.

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QUESTIONS· IN ENGLISH AND

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TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE

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a Thesis

by

Imelda M. Simorangkir

NIM: 055010174.

(&.S Vaivenitas Methodist

Indonesia)

sub•ltted to

die

'nl''+ AppiW Lillpiada Study Proanm Ia partial fulfiiiiDnt ., ... ri,IIN•Intl for tile

Deane

ofMa ... ter Hamaaion.

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Advisers' Statements

I certifY that l have read this thesis and that, in my opinion it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a Thesis for the Degree of Magister Hwnaniora.

'ng. M.Pd

First A viser

'I certifY that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion it is fully adequate in scope

and quality as a Thesis for the Degree of Magister Humaniora.

Prof Amrin Saragih,

M."

Second Adviser

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Approval

. ., • Trus Thesis was examined on 20 September 2007 by the Board of Examiners.

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Board of Examiaers

Dr. Busmin Guming, M.Pd.

Prof. Amrin Saragib, M.A, Ph.D

Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D

Prof. D.P Tampubolon. Ph.D

Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd

Approved by

The Director ostgraduate School

Prof. Dr. Belfrik Manullang NIP: 130 518 778

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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ABSTRACT

,· · Simonmgkir, Imelda Malawaty. QnestioDS in English and Toba Batak Language.

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-Thesis. Post Graduate School Stllte University ofMedan. 2007.

The thesis addresses questions in English and Toba Batak Language (TBL). Specifically, the srudy describes similarities and differences of question sentences in. the two languages. The objectives of the srudy are to describe the similarities and differences in

structure and mood between English and TBL. Mood is one part of analyzing sentence in Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL). The da"tll for TBL are taken from some informants. Tbe fmdings indicate that there are two types of question in English and TBL, they are those using question words and yes/no questions. In English a question there are eigllt question words in English and eleven in TBL. In question sentences. English uses tense sequence finite as the marker but in TBL there is no tense ~'equence

one of the Mood elements in English is finite but in TBL the Mood is constituted by most mood element consists only adjunct. The finite as the tense sequence marker in

English includes to be, auxiliary verbs, and modal such as Am, Are, Did, Do, Will, Can, etc. Finite as the question marker in TBL are do and na ..

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Ba(:kgrouud of the Study

Human beings u.o;e and need language every day. They can express

everything in their mind by using language. Language follows every human's

activity. If someone cannot communicate with the other, s/hc would find

everything in his or her world difficult; therefore it is important to see clearly what

language is. According to the Webster's New World College Dictionary (1986)

language is human speech or the ability to communicate by human speech, and the

vocal sounds used in spoken or the written symbols for them. By the ability to

communicate, human beings are able to express their ideas, to live and work.

Without language, problems in society may appear legions and misunderstanding.

Sapir (1921 :8) defines language as a purely human being and non-instinctive

method of communicating ideas, emotion and desires by mean of voluntarily

produced symbols. The function or role of language may be differently

interpreted. Thus, Hall (1968:158) says that language is an institution where by a

human being communicates and interacts with one another by means of habitually used oral-auditory, arbitrary and symbols. Jn the light of this defmition, language

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given culture, or other people who have learned the system of culture to

commwricate and interact

Language as a means of communication is not only used for daily

commwrication but also for its great concern with other field. Language has so many interrelationshlps with variable aspects of human life. Acconting to

Bloomfield (1933:3) language plays a great part in our life. English is the most important language in the world. There is a term whlch says that if one wants to

know the world one must know English. English has the most speakers in the

world. Many citizens in other nations study English as their second language. In Indonesia, as one of the developing countries, English is learnt as a

foreign language. Indonesia are constituted by ethnic groups such as the Javanese,

Bataks and others. The Bataks as one of the biggest ethnic groups in Indonesia and

the biggest in Sumatera Utara also learn English for special purposes sueh as

tourism, academic and occupational pwposes. Learning English for the Bataks is

not easy because the patterns, structures and gnunmar of English are viewed as

very different by the Bataks. The differences can be seen in the pattern of the

sentences.

In general, sentences differ in lCrlllS of moocl, i.e positive sentence, negative sentence, and interrogative sentence. Tilis addresses questions in English and Toba

baralc Language (TBL). An interrogative sentence is one that introduces a question. Newby (1987:69) introduces two typeS of question in English. They are

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eXpect a yes or no answer. Whereas wh-quest:ion is a question started with question words (who, what, which, whose, when, where, why, and how). It is also used to signal the need for further information. The essence of studying how questions are formed

in

English

and TBL is tha1 learners can gain benefit the comparisons, thus enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of learning the languages.

In TBL according to Sibarani (1997:139) based on the formation question sentences is divided into nominal question sentences, temporal question sentences, numeral question sentences, adjectival question sentences, special question sentences, causal question sentences, and verbal question sentences. TBL also has yes-no question. Sibarani's dcscriptioos arc structurally based.

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Complement and Adjunct. There can be only one Predicator, one or two

Complement and an indefinite

number

of Adjunct up to, in principle, about seven .

~iled description about the SFL theories is devoted in chapter 2.

Similarities and differences of questions in English and

TBL

arc

assumed

to be inherent in the two languages. This study specifically addresses the two aspects. 'The importance of studying questions in the two languages lies on the

relevance to learning the two languages. It is specifically expected that by knowing the similarities and differences of questions in the two languages, the learners can effectively and sufficiently learn English or

TBL.

1.2. The Problem of the Study

In relation to the background of the study, the problems are formulated in

the form of the questions as follows:

I. How are questions realized in English and 'IBL?

2. What are the similarities of English and TBL questions?

3. What are the differences of English and T BL questions?

1.3. The Objective of the Study

In relation to the problems, the objectives ofthis study are

1. to describe the realizations of questions in English and TBL ,

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3. to describe differences of questions realizations of

mood

in English and TBL.

1.4. The Scope ofthe Study

The study is focused on questions in both English and the TBL. The questions are reali7..ed in interrogative moods. Thus, the study also involves interrogative moods of sentences. Realizations of questions in moods of the two languages share similarities. However, they also differ in some aspec.:ts. Both the similarities and differences of questions in the two· languages are addressed in this study.

1.5. The Significance ofthe Study

The fmdings of study are expected to provide relevant information for 1. those who want to add their knowledge of questions in the TBL.

2. those who want to find out the similarities and tb.e differences of the use interrogative sentences in Toba Batak Language and English.

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CHAPTERV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

S.l Conclusions

Based on the above analysis, it could be concluded that: l. The similarities between both languages

arc

drawn below:

• Both languages have question sentences using question words and yes/no

question.

• The question words are placed in initial part of the sentence.

2. The differences between both languages are drawn below:

• There

arc

eight question words in English, but in

TBL

there are eleven question words.

Question

words

in English

and

TBL are:

In English:

( I) What (5) Why

In TBL:

(2) Who (6) Which

(I) Aha (2) Ise (5) Nandigan (6) Boasa

(9) Sadia (10) Mahua

(3) Where (7) Whose

(3) Dia (7)Boba

(II) Mai.liua

n

(4) When (8) How

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• English has finite such as to be,

auxiliary

verbs, and modals. TBL doesn't have any finite.

• TBL puts predicator and complement in initial part of the sentence to make a question sentence.

5.2

Suggestions

In relation to the conclusion, suggestions are staged as the following: I. Traditional languages are getting rarely in used especially by young generation.

· Many young generations don't know their traditional language detail.

2. It is suggested to introduce the traditional language to young generation because Indonesia is rich by tradition.

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