Materi Kuliah: MATERI - Perilaku Dalam Organisasi

PERSEPSI

(DEFINSI) (1)

Perception is the process through

which people

select, receive, organize, & interpret

information from their environment

PERSEPSI

(DEFINSI) (2)

• Situasi yang sama bisa dipersepsikan secara berbeda oleh orang yang berlainan.

• Setiap individu memiliki pandangan yang berbeda

tentang dunia nyata.

PERSEPSI

Manajer

Memiliki persepsi tentang

realitas

&

adanya

perbedaan

persepsi

diantara individu

yang dapat menyebabkan

PERSEPSI

•

Faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi:

– Situation

Context

:

physical setting, social setting, organinazional setting

– Characteristics of the

Perceived

:

appearence, behavior

PERSEPSI

(Perceptual Selectivity)

(1)

•

A. External Attention Factors:

– Intensity

– Size

– Contrast

– Repetition

– Motion

PERSEPSI

(Perceptual Selectivity)

(2)

•

B. Internal set Factors:

PERSEPSI

(Organizing Perceptual Data)

•

5. Perceptual Defense:

PERSEPSI

(Organizing Perceptual Data)

A . C l o s u r e ( G e s t a l t )

B . C o n t o n u i t y

C . P r o x i m i t y

D . S i m i l a r i t y

. . . . . - - - x x x - - - - x x x x

. . . . .

- - - x

. . . . .

PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS

(1)

• Stereotypes:

Generating attributes of a group to an individual group member.

– Sex-role stereotypes: secretary vs boss – Age stereotypes: resistant to change, lack

creativity, risk avoider, cautions, weak (declined physical strength)

• Hallo-effects:

Using one trait to create a total evaluation of the individual/situation

PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS

(2)

• Selective Perception:

The tendency to single out for attention those aspects of a situation or

person which reinforce (consistent) with the existing beliefs, values and needs.

– Marketing Manager vs Production Manager

• Projection:

The assignment of personal attributes

to their individuals.

PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS

(3)

• Expenctancy:

Anticipating the presence of

something

and then creating it by a self-fulfilling

prophecy.

PERSEPSI & ATRIBUSI

(1)

Atribusi:

• Merupakan suatu elemen dari proses persepsi yang bisa sangat mempengaruhi sikap/tingkah laku

seseorang (menduga penyebab).

• Suatu elemen persepsi yang dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses bagaimana seseorang mencari

kejelasan terhadap sebab akibat dari perilaku orang lain.

PERSEPSI & ATRIBUSI

(3)

•

I received a promotion

Ö

… because I

developed special relatinship with the «boss»

Ö

I will continue to seek out « special »

relationships with higher level persons.

Managing the Perception Process

(1)

•

Have a high level of

self-awareness

.

•

Seek

information

from various sources

to

confirm

(or discorfirm)

personal impressions

of a decision situation.

•

Be

empathetic

– that is be able to see a

Managing the Perception Process

(2)

•

Influence the perceptions of other people

when they are drawing incorrects or incomplete

impressions of events in the work setting.

• Avoid

common

perceptual distortions

that

bias our views of people and situation.