DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Ardanuy C, Pallares R, Fenoll A, Lin J. Changes in antimicrobial resistance , serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. 2010;6–10.
2. Kim SH, Song J, Chung DR, Thamlikitkul V, Wang H, Lu M, et al. Changing trend of antimicrobial resistance and serotypes in Streptococcus
pneumoniae in Asian countries : an ANSORP study. 2012;(January):1–32. 3. Song J, Lee NY, Ichiyama S, Yoshida R, Hirakata Y, Fu W, et al. Spread of
Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian Countries : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens ( ANSORP ) Study. 1996;1996:1206–11.
4. Bogaert D, Groot R De, Hermans PWM. Streptococcus pneumoniae
colonisation Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation : the key to
pneumococcal disease. 2004;4(March):144–54.
5. El-nawawy AA, Hafez SF, Meheissen MA, Shahtout NM, Mohammed EE. Nasopharyngeal Carriage , Capsular and Molecular Serotyping and
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Asymptomatic Healthy Children in Egypt. 2015;1–9.
6. Ueno M, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Anahara Y, Ebata A, Iida M, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Healthy Children in Japan. 2013;22–5.
7. Özdemir H, Çiftçi E, Durmaz R, Güriz H, Aysev AD. Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish children after the addition of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV7 ) to the national vaccine schedule. 2013;575–83.
9. Severin A, Gasem MH, Keuter M, Wahyono H, Farida H, Broek P Van Den, et al. Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumonia in Pneumonia-Prone Age Groups in Semarang , Java Island , Indonesia. 2014;9(1):16–8.
10. Mehr S, Wood N. Streptococcus pneumoniae – a review of carriage , infection , serotype replacement and vaccination. Paediatr Respir Rev [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2012;13(4):258–64. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2011.12.001
11. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. 2013;
12. Traore B, Ye D, Marguet C, Bonane P, Plantier C, Vabret A, et al. Viral Etiology of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children at the Pediatric Hospital in Ouagadougou ( Burkina Faso ). 2014;9(10).
13. Andre D, Nino G, Rodrı CE. Respiratory Syncytial Virus , Adenoviruses , and Mixed Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children in a Developing Country. 2014;(20).
14. Szenborn L, Kuchar E, Mis K. Pathophysiology of Clinical Symptoms in Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. In 2015.
15. Ishizuka S, Yamaya M, Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Ida S, Sasaki T, et al. Effects of Rhinovirus Infection on the Adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells. 2003;188. 16. Nakamura S, Davis KM, Weiser JN. Synergistic stimulation of type I
interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice. 2011;121(9):3657–65.
17. Grijalva CG, Grif MR, Edwards KM, Williams J V, Gil AI, Verastegui H, et al. The Role of In fl uenza and Parain fl uenza Infections in
Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Acquisition Among Young Children. 2014;1–8.
susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract and other organ systems. J Infect [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2013;67(3):169–84. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2013.05.004
20. Raniszewska A, Górska E, Kotuła I, Stelmaszczyk-emmel A, Popko K, Ciepiela O. Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children – analysis of immunological examinations. 2015;40(2):167–73.
21. Don M, Fasoli L, Gregorutti V, Pisa F, Valent F, Prodan M, et al. Recurrent respiratory infections and phagocytosis in childhood. 2007;40–7.
22. Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM, Winkler-seinstra PL, Meijer A, Kimpen JLL, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Recurrent Wheeze in Healthy Preterm Infants. 2013;1791–9.
23. Petraitiene S, Alasevicius T, Staceviciene I, Vaiciuniene D, Kacergius T, Usonis V. The influence of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization on the clinical outcome of the respiratory tract infections in preschool children. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. BMC Infectious Diseases; 2015;1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1149-8 24. Ballard O. Human Milk Composition Nutrients and Bioactive Factors.
Pediatr Clin NA [Internet]. Elsevier Inc; 2013;60(1):49–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002
25. Orr PH. Respiratory tract infections in Inuit children: “Set thine house in
order.” 2007;177(2):7–8.
26. Kadioglu A, Weiser JN, Paton JC, Andrew PW. The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. 2008;6(april):288–301.
27. Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, Mietzner TA. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg. 25th ed. Adisti A, Salim C, Sandra F, Iskandar M, Narulita, Ayuningtyas P, et al., editors. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; 2010.
28. Dawid S, Roche AM, Weiser JN. The blp Bacteriocins of Streptococcus pneumoniae Mediate Intraspecies Competition both In Vitro and In Vivo
29. Short KR, Diavatopoulos DA. Nasopharyngeal Colonization with
Streptococcus pneumoniae [Internet]. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Elsevier Inc.; 2015. 277-292 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410530-0.00015-6
30. Halfmann A, Fedtke I, Heintz M, Peschel A, Vollmer W, Hakenbeck R, et al. A Functional dlt Operon , Encoding Proteins Required for Incorporation of D -Alanine in Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria , Confers Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae. 2006;188(16):5797–805.
31. Mirza S, Wilson L, Benjamin WH, Novak J, Barnes S, Hollingshead SK, et al. Serine Protease PrtA from Streptococcus pneumoniae Plays a Role in the Killing of S . pneumoniae by Apolactoferrin . 2011;79(6):2440–50. 32. Dockrell DH, Brown JS. Streptococcus pneumoniae Interactions with
Macrophages and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion [Internet].
Streptococcus pneumoniae. Elsevier Inc.; 2015. 401-422 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410530-0.00021-1
33. Shaper M, Hollingshead SK, Benjamin WH, Briles DE. PspA Protects Streptococcus pneumoniae from Killing by Apolactoferrin , and Antibody to PspA Enhances Killing of Pneumococci by Apolactoferrin.
2004;72(9):5031–40.
34. West AP, Brodsky IE, Rahner C, Woo DK, Erdjument-bromage H, Tempst P, et al. TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS. Nature [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group;
2011;472(7344):476–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09973
35. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae: WHO Manual. 2011;73–86. Available from:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/WHO_IVB_11.09_eng.pdf
Elseiver Health Sciences; 2012.
37. Russell F, Sanderson C, Temple B, Mulholland K. Global review of the distribution of pneumococcal disease by age and region. 2011; Available from:
http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/6_Russel_review_age_specific_epi demiology_PCV_schedules_session_nov11.pdf
38. Klugman KP, Feldman C. CHAPTER 29 Pneumococcal Infections [Internet]. Thrid Edit. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice. Elsevier Inc.; 1965. 199-202 p. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-3935-5.00029-X
39. World Health Organization. Review of Serotype Replacement in the Setting of PCV7 Use and Implications for the PCV10/PCV13 Era. 2011;1– 24. Available from:
http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/SAGEReplacementReport2011FIN AL_nov11.pdf
40. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. MODUL TATALAKSANA STANDAR PNEUMONIA. 2012.
41. Thummeepak R, Leerach N, Kunthalert D, Tangchaisuriya U. High prevalence of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Thailand. J Infect Public Health [Internet]. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; 2015;8(3):274–81.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.002
42. Nazzari E, Torretta S, Pignataro L, Marchisio P, Esposito S. Role of biofilm in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. 2015;(9):421–9.
43. Simoes EAF, Cherian T, Chow J, Shahid- SA, Laxminarayan R, John TJ. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children. 1995;
44. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on the management of diarrhoea and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants and children. 2010; 45. World Health Organization. Revised WHO classification and treatment of
46. Roth DE, Gaffey MF, Smith-romero E, Fitzpatrick T, Morris SK. Acute
respiratory infection case definitions for young children : a systematic
review of community-based epidemiologic studies in South Asia. 2015;20(12):1607–20.
47. World Health Organization. Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) yang cenderung menjadi epidemi dan pandemi: pedoman ringkas. 2008; 48. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut. 2012. 49. Monto AS. Epidemiology of Viral Respiratory Infections.
2003;112(March):160–74.
50. Scott F, Campbell H, Nair H. Viral etiology of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age – a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2013;122–34.
51. Ha A, Do L, Doorn HR Van, Nghiem MN, Bryant JE, Hang T, et al. Viral Etiologies of Acute Respiratory Infections among Hospitalized Vietnamese Children in Ho Chi Minh City , 2004 – 2008. 2011;6(3):2004–8.
52. Szenborn L, Kuchar E, Mis K. Pathophysiology of Clinical Symptoms in Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. 2015;
53. Peltola VT, Mccullers JA. Respiratory viruses predisposing to bacterial
infections : role of neuraminidase. 2004;23(1):87–97.
54. Immunology C, Series R. Clinical Immunology Review Series : An approach to the patient with recurrent infections in childhood. 2008;389– 96.
55. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi dan Analisis ASI Eksklusif. 2014. 56. World Health Organization. The Optimal Duration of Esklusif
Breastfeeding: Report of An Expert Consultation. 2001;(March). 57. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Peraturan Kementerian Kesehatan RI No
188/MENKES/PB/I/2011 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok. 2011;1–6.
58. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Peraturan Kementerian Kesehatan No 829/MENKES/SK/VII/1999. 1999;
Children’s Environmental Health, WHO, Geneva. 2003;58–9.
60. Gorlanova O, Thalmann S, Proietti E, Stern G, Latzin P, K??hni C, et al. Effects of Breastfeeding on Respiratory Symptoms in Infancy. J Pediatr. 2015;
61. Brook I, Gober AE. Recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. Chest. 2005;127(6):2072–5.
62. Korona-Glowniak I, Niedzielski A, Malm A. Upper respiratory
colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy pre-school children in south-east Poland. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2011;75(12):1529–34. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.08.021
63. Bakhshaee M, Naderi HR, Ghazvini K, Sotoudeh K, Amali A, Ashtiani SJ. Passive smoking and nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in daycare children. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2012;269(4):1127–32.
Lampiran 4. Spreadsheet Data
Berulang ASI Eksklusif
47 GA 14/11/2012 L Genuk TIDAK TIDAK YA YA NEGATIF
48 BAP 01/12/2014 P Genuk YA TIDAK YA TIDAK NEGATIF
49 EAC 26/09/2013 P Genuk YA YA YA TIDAK NEGATIF
50 MR 06/12/2013 L Genuk TIDAK YA YA TIDAK NEGATIF
51 PPL 01/12/2014 P Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA YA NEGATIF
52 MO 07/07/2012 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA YA NEGATIF
53 A 09/04/2014 P Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA TIDAK NEGATIF
54 SH 29/10/2012 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA TIDAK TIDAK NEGATIF
55 MRFA 22/04/2014 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA TIDAK NEGATIF
56 MT 05/01/2014 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA TIDAK POSITIF
57 AAQ 08/05/2015 L Semarang Timur YA TIDAK TIDAK TIDAK NEGATIF
58 MAA 29/11/2014 L Semarang Timur TIDAK TIDAK TIDAK YA NEGATIF
59 MA 17/08/2012 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA YA NEGATIF
60 EZR 13/07/2012 L Semarang Timur TIDAK TIDAK YA TIDAK NEGATIF
61 AZI 10/03/2013 P Semarang Timur TIDAK TIDAK YA TIDAK NEGATIF
62 MAC 19/02/2012 L Semarang Timur TIDAK YA YA YA NEGATIF
Lampiran 5. Hasil Analisis
Logistic Regression
LOGISTIC REGRESSION VARIABLES Kolonisasi_bakteri
/METHOD=ENTER ISPA_berulang ASI_eksklusif Perokok_pasif Kepadatan_hunian /CONTRAST (ISPA_berulang)=Indicator
/CONTRAST (ASI_eksklusif)=Indicator /PRINT=CI(95)
/CRITERIA=PIN(0.05) POUT(0.10) ITERATE(20) CUT(0.5).
Notes
Output Created 13-JUN-2016 10:51:55
Comments
Input
Data D:\ANGGI\Bismillah
skripsi\001\chisquare_regresilog.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Filter <none> Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 63
Syntax
LOGISTIC REGRESSION VARIABLES
Kolonisasi_bakteri
/METHOD=ENTER ISPA_berulang
ASI_eksklusif Perokok_pasif
Kepadatan_hunian
/CONTRAST (ISPA_berulang)=Indicator
/CONTRAST (ASI_eksklusif)=Indicator
/PRINT=CI(95)
/CRITERIA=PIN(0.05) POUT(0.10)
ITERATE(20) CUT(0.5).
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00,02
Elapsed Time 00:00:00,02
[DataSet1] D:\ANGGI\Bismillah skripsi\001\chisquare_regresilog.sav
Case Processing Summary
Unweighted Casesa N Percent
Selected Cases
Included in Analysis 63 100,0
Missing Cases 0 ,0
Total 63 100,0
Total 63 100,0
a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number of cases.
Dependent Variable Encoding
Original Value Internal Value
Negatif 0
Positif 1
Categorical Variables Codings
Frequency Parameter coding
(1)
ASI_eksklusif Tidak 28 1,000
Ya 35 ,000
ISPA_berulang Tidak 34 1,000
Ya 29 ,000
Classification Tablea,b
Observed Predicted
Kolonisasi_bakteri Percentage
Correct Negatif Positif
Step 0
Kolonisasi_bakteri Negatif 46 0 100,0
Positif 17 0 ,0
Overall Percentage 73,0
a. Constant is included in the model.
b. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -,995 ,284 12,299 1 ,000 ,370
Variables not in the Equation
Score df Sig.
ASI_eksklusif(1) ,101 1 ,751
Perokok_pasif ,059 1 ,809
Kepadatan_hunian ,008 1 ,928
Overall Statistics ,161 4 ,997
Block 1: Method = Enter
Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients
Chi-square df Sig.
Step 1
Step ,161 4 ,997
Block ,161 4 ,997
Model ,161 4 ,997
Model Summary
Step -2 Log likelihood Cox & Snell R
Square
Nagelkerke R
Square
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 4 because parameter
estimates changed by less than ,001.
Classification Tablea
Observed Predicted
Kolonisasi_bakteri Percentage
Correct Negatif Positif
Step 1
Kolonisasi_bakteri Negatif 46 0 100,0
Positif 17 0 ,0
Overall Percentage 73,0
a. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I.for EXP(B)
Lower Upper
Step 1a
ISPA_berulang(1) -,060 ,577 ,011 1 ,917 ,942 ,304 2,915
ASI_eksklusif(1) -,169 ,583 ,084 1 ,772 ,844 ,269 2,646
Perokok_pasif ,133 ,622 ,046 1 ,831 1,142 ,338 3,862
Constant -,991 ,682 2,113 1 ,146 ,371
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: ISPA_berulang, ASI_eksklusif, Perokok_pasif, Kepadatan_hunian.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Usia BY Kolonisasi_bakteri BY Jenis_Kelamin /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/CELLS=COUNT
Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi
Pengambilan swab nasofaring
Pembuatan media BAP
Isolasi primer
Lampiran 8. Biodata Mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama : Anggi Vita Shelma Siany NIM : 22010112130078
Tempat/tanggal lahir : Semarang, 31 Juli 1995 Jenis kelamin : Perempuan
Alamat : Kalipancur RT 1 RW 3, Semarang Nomor HP : 081904409045
e-mail : [email protected] Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. Senat Mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro Tahun 2016 2. Senat Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Undip Tahun 2015 3. Himpunan Mahasiswa KU Undip Tahun 2013-2014
4. Rohis KU Undip Tahun 2013-2014
5. Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa FK Undip Tahun 2013-2014
Pengalaman penelitian
1. Case Management of Multibacillary Leprocy Patient with Type 1 Reaction (2015)
Pengalaman mengikuti lomba karya ilmiah
1. Nama penulis/peneliti : Fatihatul FM, Novita IK, Anggi Vita SS. Judul karya ilmiah : POTENSI GEN-003/MM-2 MELALUI MICRONEEDLE PATCH SEBAGAI IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC VACCINE HERPES GENITAL
Penyelenggara : FK UMY
Prestasi : Juara 2 Gagasan Tertulis
2. Nama penulis/peneliti : Nourah F, Anisa NA, Anggi Vita SS, Fredian S, Afidah NC, Izzaty IH, Astri P.
Judul karya ilmiah : Fermented Pangium edule Oils Decrease Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemic Wistar Rats
Penyelenggara : FK UI
Prestasi : Semifinalis Research Paper and Poster
3. Nama penulis/peneliti : Anggi Vita SS, Debby FR, Syaffa SZ, Mailia F, Ahmad RA
Prestasi : PKM-GT Didanai
4. Nama penulis/peneliti : Atika RH, Firsty IN, Syaffa SZ, Anggi Vita SS, Nur Islami DH
Judul karya ilmiah : “Petualangan Yora dan Yoru” Program Edukasi Kreatif untuk Menanamkan Kecintaan Anak pada Sayuran sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular
Penyelenggara : DIKTI
Prestasi : PKM-M Didanai
5. Nama penulis/peneliti : Anggi Vita SS, Syaffa SZ, Sylvia T Judul karya ilmiah : PETUALANGAN YORA DAN YORU:
KURIKULUM CINTA SAYUR BERBASIS PEER-MODELLING DAN AKTIVITAS OUTDOOR SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF SINDROM METABOLIK
Penyelenggara : FK UB
