Modul ke:
Fakultas
Program Studi
PSIKOLOGI
KEPEMIMPINAN
Konsep Dasar Kepemimpinan
Dian Din Astuti Mulia, S.Psi., M.A
PSIKOLOGI
PSIKOLOGI
Perkenalan
•
Dian Din Astuti Mulia S.Psi., M.A
•
Email :
diandinastutimulia@ymail.com
Kontrak Belajar
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password e learning: leader
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Mengumpulkan tugas tepat
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Mengerjakan kuis tepat waktu dan berkontribusi dalam forum
diskusi (berkaitan dengan kehadiran/ tidak mengisi kuis dan
merespon forum dinyatakan tidak hadir).
•
Rentang waktu forum dan kuis Senin 00:00 – Minggu 23:59
•
Membuat tugas sesuai format yang ditetapkan
•
Aktif dalam pembelajaran
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Berkontribusi dalam kerja sama kelompok
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toleransi kehadiran minimal 10 kali pertemuan
Grup Project
• Group Project
• Guidelines for group project : Exploring the Meanings of Leadership
• Choose a leadership topic that is interesting to be understood deeper. You need to consult your chosen topic to your instructor to get his approval.
• Focus your analysis on how the issue relates to developing and gaining organization’s competitive advantage, and try to go deeper in understanding this issue by reviewing at least 3 research-based journal articles to build your defend of your arguments
about the topic;
• Write your report, and it should not more than 20 pages of length; • The report should be typed in: arial, 12 font character, 1.5 spaced;
• The due date for this second project will be eighth week of our session. You can submit the report before this due date;
• Any delay in submitting the project reports will cause a one-point deduction of the report grade;
Kontrak Belajar
•
Komponen Penilaian:
1. Kehadiran
: 10%
2. Tugas & Kuis
: 20%
3. UTS
: 30%
4. UAS
: 40%
Rencana Pembelajaran
Minggu 1 Kontrak Kuliah dan Konsep Dasar Kepemimpinan
Minggu 2 Sifat Pekerjaan Manajerial
Minggu 3 Perspektif pada Perilaku Kepemimpinan.
Minggu 4 Kepemimpinan Partisipatif, Delegasi dan
Empowerment.
Minggu 5 Teori Kontigensi sebagai awal kepemimpinan yang
efektif
Minggu 6 Power dan Pengaruh
Minggu 7 Hubungan dyadic atribusi dan followship
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Minggu 9
Karismatik dan kepemimpinan
•
Minggu 10
Memimpin perubahan dalam
organisasi.
•
Minggu 11
Etis, Servant, Kepemimpinan piritual
dan otentik kepemimpinan.
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Minggu 12
Kepemimpinan dalam tim dan
keputusan.
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Minggu 13
kepemimpinan Strategis untuk Eksekutif
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Minggu 14
Perkembangan keterampilan
Kepemimpinan
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Minggu 15
Gender, keragaman dan kepemimpinan
lintas budaya
Tujuan Pembelajaran
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Mahasiswa mampu memahami dan menjelaskan mengenai pengertian
kepemimpinan, perbedaan pemimpin dan manajer, bentuk-bentuk tipe
kepemimpinan, dan teori teori dalam kepemimpinan.
Referensi
Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organization (7
thedition). Upper
Saddle River: Pearson.
• Additional Readings:
• Bennett, M. & Bell, A. (2004). Leadership & Talent in Asia: How the Best Employers
Deliver Extraordinary Performance. Singapore: John Willey & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd.
• Goleman, D., Boyatzix, & McKee, A. (2002). The New Leaders: Transforming the Art of
Leadership into the Science of Results. London: Little, Brown.
• Hughes, R.L. & Beatty, K.C. (2005). Becoming a Strategic Leader: Your Role in Your
Organization’s Enduring Success. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Kanter, R.M. (1987). The Change Masters: Corporate Entrepreneurs at Work. London: Unwin Paperbacks.
• Kouzes, J.M., & Posner, B.Z. (1995). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Maccoby, M. (1976). The Gamesman. New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Pierce, J.L., & Newstrom, J.W. (2006). Leaders and the Leadership Process: Readings,
KONSEP DASAR
KEPEMIMPINAN
PSIKOLOGI KEPEMIMPINAN
Penjelasan mengenai definisi kepemimpinan kepemimpinan, perbedaan antara manajerial dan pemimpin, karakteristik pemimpin, pengikut dan situasi serta teori dasar kepemimpinan
Definisi Kepemimpinan
•
Leadership is ‘the process of influencing the activities of an
organized group toward goal achievement.” (Rauch & Behling,
1984)
•
Leadership is the behavior of an individual ... directing the
activities of a group toward a shared goal.” (Hemphill & Coons,
1957
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Leadership is “the influential increment over and above
mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the
organization. “ (Katz & Kahn, 1978)
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Leadership is realized in the process whereby one or more
individuals succeed in attempting to frame and define the
reality of others.” (Smircich & Morgan).
Definitions of Leadership
• Leadership is “the behavior of an individual . . . directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal.” (Hemphill & Coons, 1957, pg. 7)
• Leadership is “the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization.” (Katz & Kahn, 1978, pg. 528)
• “Leadership is exercised when persons . . . mobilize . . . institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers.” (Burns, 1978, pg. 18)
• “Leadership is realized in the process whereby one or more individuals succeed in attempting to frame and define the reality of others.” (Smircich & Morgan, 1982, pg. 258)
• Leadership is “the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement.” (Rauch & Behling, 1984, pg. 46)
• “Leadership is about articulating visions, embodying values, and creating the environment within which things can be accomplished.” (Richards & Engle, 1986, pg. 206)
• “Leadership is a process of giving purpose (meaningful direction) to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose.” (Jacobs & Jaques, 1990, pg. 281)
• Leadership “is the ability to step outside the culture . . . to start evolutionary change processes that are more adaptive.” (Schein, 1992, pg. 2)
• Leadership is the process of making sense of what people are doing together so that people will understand and be committed.” (Drath & Palus, 1994, p. 4) • Leadership is “the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable
others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. . . . ” (House et al., 1999, pg. 184)
Defenisi Kepemimpinan
• Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what
needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and colletive
efforts to accomplish shared objectives. (Yukl, 2010)
• Kepemimpinan merupakan suatu
proses dalam mempengaruhi
individu lainnya untuk
mengerti
dan setuju
dengan apa yang perlu dilakukan dan
bagaimana tugas itu dilakukan secara efektif
,
serta proses untuk memfasilitasi upaya individu dan kolektif untuk
mencapai tujuan bersama
Leadership vs Manajerial
Manajemen Kepemimpinan
Menetapkan sasaran operasional,
membuat rencana tindakan berdasarkan jadwal, dan mengalokasikan sumber daya
Menyusun visi masa depan dan strategi untuk membuat perubahan yang
dibutuhkan.
Mengorganisasi dan menugaskan
(menentukan struktur, menugaskan orang ke berbagai pekerjaan)
Mengkomunikasikan dan menjelaskan visi
Memantau hasil dan menyelesaikan masalah
Memotivasi dan memberi inspirasi
Karakteristik Pemimpin, Pengikut dan Situasi
Characteristic of the leaders
• Traits (motives, personality, values) • Confidence and optimism
• Skills and expertise • Behavior
• Integrity (honesty, behavior consistent with values) • Influence tactics
Variables in Leadership Theories
Characteristics of the Followers• Traits (needs, values, self-concepts) • Confidence and optimism
• Skills and expertise
• Attributions about the leader • Trust in the leader
• Task commitment and effort • Satisfaction with job and leader
Characteristics of the Situation
• Type of organizational unit • Size of unit
• Position, power, and authority of leader • Task structure and complexity
• Task interdependence • Organizational culture • Environmental uncertainty • External dependencies • National cultural values
Teori Kepemimpinan
Teori Kepemimpinan Keunikan Level Analisis
Teori great man Pemimpin dilahirkan dengan kehebatan sendiri Analisa individu
‘”Trait Theories” Pemimpin yang sukses memiliki keterampilan dan
kekhususan sendiri
Analisa individu
“Behavioral Theory” Pemimpin sukses dengan perilaku yang dapat
dikembangkan
Analisa individu dan kelompok
“Situational Theory” Pemimpin dapat dikembangkan dengan
memperhatikan kecocokan gaya pemimpin sesuai dengan situasi
Analisa individu dan kelompok
“Contingent Theory” Pemimpin dapat dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan
efektifasnya sesuai dengan
factor-Analisa individu, kelompok, dam organisasi
“Transactional Theory” Pemimpin dikembangkan dengan pola penerapan
“exchange theory”
Analisa individu, kelompok, dan organisasi
“Transformational Theory” Pemimpin dengan ciri khusus dapat dikembangkan Analisa individu, kelompok, dan
organisasi “Beyond Transactional and
Transformational”
Pemimpin dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan tahapan situasi organisasi
Analisa individu, kelompok, organisasi, dan “social capital”
Perkembangan penelitiankepemimpinan
• Trait Theory – “Leaders are born”
• Behavior – “Leadership potential can be trained” • Power – influence
• Situational/kontingensi