Jou al of T opi al Biodi e sit a d Biote h olog
jou al ho epage: htp://jt .o .id
The Efect of Cad iu o Sper Quality a d Ferilizaio
of
Cyprinus carpio
L.
Aliah Ha ai*, Khus ita Gia i, Yuli Wi a sih, a d M. Hil a Fuadil A i
Biolog Depa t e t, Fa ult of S ie e a d Te h olog , U i e sitas Ai la gga, *Co espo di g autho , e ail: aliaha ai @ ahoo. o , tel.: +
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
The o je i e of the stud as to dete i e the efe t of ad iu o spe ualit a d fe ilizaio of C. a pio L. Spe a d eggs e e olle ted a do e st ipi g f o the atu e tesis a d o a of C. a pio L. This stud used o e o t ol a d fou t eat e t g oups of a iaio o the ad iu o e t aio , , , , a d pp ith eight epli aio s. Spe oilit ass oilit , ass oilit du aio , a d i di idual oilit du aio a d ia ilit e e easu ed ate th ee to fou se o ds of i u aio i the ate . The pe e tage of fe ilit su ess as al ulated o se i g e o de elop e t ate the eggs e e i ed ith spe a d i u ated i the ate fo hou s. The su ess of the fe ilizaio p o ess as i di ated a olo ha ge of the egg that da ke s ate su essful fe ilizaio , a d hite- ilk if failed. The data e e a al zed usi g a al sis of a ia e α = 0.05). The esults of this stud i di ate that e posu e of pp ad iu a d o t ol g oup sho su ess i te of spe ualit oilit a d ia ilit a d fe ilizaio , ut at pp o o e de eased the spe ualit a d fe ilizaio ate. It a e o luded that ad iu e posu e de eases spe ualit a d fe ilit at pp o highe o e t aio s. A i le histo :
Re ei ed / /
Re ei ed i e ised fo / / A epted / /
Ke o ds: Cad iu
C p i us a pio L. Fe ilizaio Spe ualit ,
. I troducio
Hu a a i iies i i dust , ag i ultu e o households ha e i pa ts o the i ease of polluta ts i a uai e os ste s. The ajo polluta ts f o aste t eat e ts a e a hea etal su h as ad iu Cd a d lead P Mish a et al., . Cad iu is a to i hea etal hi h is ote used as the ai o au ilia ate ial i the i dust , a o g othe s i kel- ad iu ate i dust - % , pig e t - % , the oai g ate ial - % , sta ilize s a d othe s thei ate ials - % . U il the e d of the th e tu , % of the total glo al polluio as Cd Co ell a d Mille , . Hea etals e posu e a dis upt ph siologi al p o esses a d gi e to i efe ts to o ga is s
Pat i , .
Cell da age due to Cd e posu e, a o g othe s a e
ha ges i sulh d l ho eostasis a d de eased a io ida t apa it the i hi iio of the e z e a d epla e e t of ) a d Se i etalloe z es, thus edu i g eta oli a i it . These ga e ise to the fo aio of ea i e o ge spe ies ROS that p odu e o idai e st ess i ells a d ause da ages su h as lipid pe o idaio , dest u io of p otei st u tu e a d fu io , a d utaio s i DNA Valko et al.,
.
pe o idaio thus dis upi g the ut ie t t a spo t e ui ed fo spe o e e t Ni hi et al., . Mo ita et al. state that the ate of spe oilit a d lo g oio is i lue ed the a aila ilit of Ca io s. Redd et al. suggest that Cd is k o to i te fe e ith the a i it of Ca io s, so that Ca a i it de eases ith high Cd
o e t aio s.
A o di g to esea h that has ee do e Wa e ke , Cd auses a de ease i the spe
oilit at g/L. Cd io s a i d p otei s that afe t spe o e e ts a d eat- oss e z e f e ue ies, o i di gs that afe t spe ell eta olis Lah stei e et al.
, leadi g to a de ease i spe oilit ates.
. . Efe ts of Cd o spe ia ilit
Spe ia ilit is the pe e tage of li i g a d health spe i se e . It's i po ta t to o e a d its lifespa fo fe ilit . The spe ia ilit as o se ed usi g % Eosi a d % Nig osi stai i g, he e li i g spe as t a spa e t i olo hile the dead spe as ed Figu e . I o t ol, the ish spe ia ilit is ± . %. Like othe spe ualit et ee g oups. The highest du aio as fou d i o t ol,
he eas the Cd t eat e t de eased the oilit du aio of ea h spe ell sig ii a tl p< . . I di idual du aio at o t ol . ± . se o d, ut o the t eat e t of a ious o e t aio of Cd espe i el . ± . ; . ± . ;
. ± . ; a d . ± . se o ds Figu e B .
Cad iu to i it i a uai o ga is s de eases ell a d issue fu io he the o e t aio s a e lo , ut at high o e t aio s leads to the death of the o ga is . Cd a e i t odu ed i to the od a e th ough the a u ulaio o io ag ii aio . The i pa t of Cd to i it is a ph siologi al diso de of e z e fu io i ells a d its eta olis Da o o, . Ma hea etal efe ts o the st u tu e a d ph siolog of spe , i ludi g i hi ii g a i aio a d spe oio . The st u tu e of the spe e a e is highl pe ea le to the to i ate ial, aki g it easie fo hea etals to e te spe ells Lah stei e et al., .
F ee adi als p odu ed to i o pou ds Cd a edu e the ualit a d fu io of spe th ough i hi iio of e z e a i it . The fo aio of e o pou ds f o hea etal ea io s ith the sulh d l SH g oup is eas to o u si e SH is eadil o ded to the Cd io s that e te the spe e a e. The o di g of these t o o pou ds esults i a de ease of e z e s thesis o does ot o k e ause the e z e u de goes de atu aio Pala , . F ee adi als f o Cd a e te the spe ells th ough lipid pe o idaio ea io s so that the ea io a de o pose the u satu ated fats i to a aldeh des. The fo aio of this aldeh de auses spe ells sus epi le to f ee adi als
Li et al., ; Ca ita et al., .
Moilit depe ds o e e g suppl i the fo of ATP eta olis Rizal a d He dis, . Moilit a e afe ted st ess due to hea etals ausi g i eased lipid
B
A
Figure . S o e of the ass oilit of C. a pio L. spe ate e posu e Cd
pa a ete s, e posu e of Cd i ate ith a ious o e t aio de eases the pe e tage of ish spe ia ilit . The pe e tage de ease ate the e posu e of Cd at , , , a d pp espe i el as ± . % ot sig ii a t p> . ; ut sig ii a t p< . at ± . %;
± . %; a d ± . % Figu e .
The ia ilit of spe is the su i al a ilit of the spe . The pe e tage of spe ia ilit de eased at high le els of Cd i the edia. This ould e aused o idai e st ess a d i eases ROS le els Aga al et al., . The high le el of ROS aused the fo aio of aldeh des, esuli g i ha ges i the pe ea ilit of e a es, o se ue tl e a les a ole ules to pe et ate the spe e a e. The p ese e of these ole ules i side the ells i te fe es ith ell eta olis , esuli g i ell death. A o di g to Gi z u g , the p ese e of hea etals i ate s auses the fo aio of a a uoles i the ell a d ha ges the pe ea ilit of the tail e a e of
Figure . Spe ia ilit of C. a pio L. l: li e spe ; d: dead spe
Figure . Spe ia ilit of C. a pio L. spe ate e posu e Cd
the spe . F ase et al. added that h pe to i soluio s due to the high o e t aio of hea etals i ate s lead to a i ease i os osis, esuli g i ell death. The p ese e of plas a e a e da age a e p o e usi g spe stai i g. The da aged e a e auses the d e to e te ells. F ase et al. also state that the e posu e to etals auses the soluio to e h pe to i . H pe to i soluio s a ause the e a e of the spe to o t a t. These aused the spe to loss its i teg it of the e a e, leadi g to ell da aged o ell death. Da da et al. stated that the a u ulaio of Cd ould ea h the o e t aio s of g/L i spe ells, hi h sho ed that all t eat e t g oups e pe ie ed sig ii a t i eases i ell death o pa ed ith o t ols.
. . Efe t of Cd o ish fe ilizaio
I ish, fe ilizaio of eggs a e do e eithe e te all o i te all , ut i C. a pio L is e te all i the ate . A total of eggs e e take it i to t o l spe suspe sio , a d ot all the ish eggs e e fe ilized the spe . The esult sho ed that fe ilized eggs i o t ol ha e fe ilizaio ate of ± . % a d the pp Cd has fe ilizaio ate of ± . % ot sig ii a t p> . . Highe o e t aio s of Cd , , a d pp sho ed a sig ii a t de ease i fe ilit p< . . The pe e tage of fe ilit fo a highe o e t aio of Cd e e ± . %;
± . %; a d ± . % Figu e .
Ea h spe has a e ual ha e to fe ilize a egg. A o di g to F ase et al. , the o plete h o ai st u tu e a d DNA is a p e e uisite of spe i the fe ilizaio ate. Wo a o i h a d Ho ath stated that the e t of spe i to the egg th ough i ophilia o l lasted et ee - se o ds, ate that, the i ophilia is shut. I addiio to the li ited i e of the spe to e te the
egg, the spe su i al i e is also e sho t. Mass a i e o e e t of ish spe i f esh ate is o l - se o ds. A o di g to He a at , su essful fe ilizaio a e see the olo of the egg that tu s i to lea ate ei g fe ilized, ut ill e loud like hite- ilk if it fails to e fe ilized Figu e .
Not all fe ilized ish eggs ill hat h i to la ae, due to the lo ualit of eggs aused hea etal o ta i aio Set o o, . The to i it of Cd is elated to the t a spo t of al iu Ca io s i to the ell e a e. Cd a d Ca io s ha e the sa e ha a te isi s so that Cd io s a e te ells th ough Ca ha els, i hi ii g the e o al of Ca io s. This auses ad e se efe ts, e ause Ca io s a e e i po ta t i a ell sig alli g path a s, espe iall ste oidoge esis hi h a de ease testoste o e le els Mo sei et al., . This a also edu e spe o e t aio a d oilit Co a d et al., , the i ease of lipid pe o idaio , a d i lue es spe atu aio A as al et al., .
This stud i di ates that the oilit a d ia ilit of spe e e afe ted the la ge o e t aio s of Cd, follo ed a de li e i the pe e tage of su essful fe ilizaio . This is o siste t ith the state e t of He dis et al. , that spe has lo of oilit a d ia ilit ill ha e a lo e fe ilizaio a a . Diet i h et al. that Cd e posu e i the p o ess of fe ilizi g the ish auses s elli g of spe to edu e the oilit a d fe ilizaio of ish.
. Co clusio s
Cd is to i to spe a d fe ilizaio of C. a pio Li . E posu e to Cd at o e t aio s of pp o o e a
Figure . Fe ilizaio of C. a pio L eggs. f: the su ess of fe ilizaio , ut f: loud like hite ilk if it fails to e fe ilized.
de ease spe ualit oth i oilit a d ia ilit , a d afe t the fe ilizaio of ish.
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