Abercrombie, David . 1967. Elements of General Phonetics . Edinburgh : Clark Constable Ltd.
References
Adelaar, K.A. 1981. Reconstruction of Proto Batak – Phonology . Netherland : University of Leiden.
Azizah,Mutia.2014.Kontrastif Analisis. Retrieved from
Bahasa Batak Fonem retrieved from
Bloomfield, Leonardo. 1961. Language. Chicago : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
Chaer , Abdul .2007. Kajian Bahasa. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.
Chomsky, Noam. 1968. An Introduction to Social Linguistics. New York : Praeger.
Chrystal, David. 1992. The Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge : Cambridge University.
Bloch, Bernard and George L. Trager.1942. Outline of Linguistics Analysis. Baltimore, MD : Linguistic Society of America.
Gaitan, Daniel.2012. Diphthongs and Triphthongs.Retrieved from
Hanafiah, Ridwan .2007. Linguistik Kontrastif. Medan : Bartong Jaya.
Hayes, Bruce . 2009. Introductory Phonology. West Sussex : John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Jones, Daniel. 1967. The Phoneme ; Its Nature and Use . London : W.Heffer.
Lass,Roger. 1984. Phonology ;An Introduction to Basic Concepts. Cambridge ; Cambridge University Press.
Muqomah, Ahalana Darol. 2014. Thesis. Analisis Kontrastif Terhadap Fonem Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Jawa Serta Implikasinya dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Arab. Yogyakarta : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga.
Naibaho, Jawasi. 2006. Contrastive Linguistics- A Course Material. Medan : Program Pasca Sarjana UNIMED.
Nawawi, Hadari. 1995. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Phone and Phonemes retrieved from : (October 2015).
. Phonemes of English Language retrieved from
:
(October 2015).
. Phonology in Batak Toba Language retrieved from
:
Pike, Kenneth L. 1968. Phonemics . Don Mills : The University of Michigan.
