ABSTRAK
Lansia biasanya mengalami penurunan daya tahan tubuh, kemunduran fisik, mental dan sosial secara bertahap. Keadaan seperti ini cenderung berpotensi menimbulkan masalah kesehatan seperti keluhan kulit. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keluhan kulit adalah karateristik lansia, personal hygiene, peran perawat dan sanitasi tempat tinggal.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan karateristik lansia, personal hygiene, peran perawat, dan sanitasi lingkungan tempat tinggal dengan keluhan kulit pada lansia di Panti Jompo PPOS GBKP Sibolangit Tahun 2016.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh penghuni di panti yaitu 31 orang, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling yaitu 31 responden. Data diperoleh dari data primer dan sekunder disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Penelitian menggunakan uji chi square dan fisher exact dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%.
Hasil penelitian membuktikan lansia perempuan mengalami keluhan kulit (54,2%), berumur 75-90 tahun mengalami keluhan kulit (66,7%), mempunyai riwayat penyakit terdahulu mengalami keluhan kulit (56%), personal hygiene kurang mengalami keluhan kulit (77,8%), lansia dengan peran perawat dalam kategori baik mengalami keluhan kulit (70,6%). Penyediaan air bersih tidak saniter mengalami keluhan kulit (51,6%), kebersihan kamar mandi saniter mengalami keluhan kulit (51,6%), tempat tidur dan seprei saniter mengalami keluhan kulit (57,1%), dan sarana pembuangan sampah tidak saniter mengalami keluhan kulit (58,3%). Berdasarkan uji statistik ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur (p=0,023, RP=2,4), peran perawat (p=0,02, RP=2,4) dan personal hgyiene (p=0,001, RP=0,26) mengalami keluhan kulit. Umur dan peran perawat merupakan faktor resiko mengalami keluhan kulit. Personal hygiene baik merupakan faktor protektif mencegah keluhan kulit dan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sanitasi lingkungan tempat tinggal dengan keluhan kulit.
Bersadarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada pihak panti agar meningkatkan mutu pelayanan terhadap lansia khususnya personal hygiene dan peran perawat serta meningkatkan sanitasi lingkungan tempat tinggal untuk mencegah keluhan kulit.
Kata Kunci : Karateristik Lansia, Personal Hygiene, Peran Perawat, Sanitasi Lingkungan, Keluhan Kulit
ABSTRACT
Elderly in general have a less endurance, physical changes, mental changes with gradually. This conditions have potentially healht risk as skin disorder. Some factors affecting the skin complaints are characteristics of elderly, personal hygiene, the role of caretakers and sanitation of living environment.
The purpose of this study is to analysis the relationship characteristic of elderly, personal hygiene, the role of caretakers, and sanitation of living environment with skin disorder of elderly at PPOS GBKP Sibolangit Foundation in 2016.
The type of this research is analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population of this research is 31 elderly. Sample all of respondents. Data obtained from primary and secondary data are presented in tabular form. The research using chi square or fisher exact test with confidence level 95%.
The research found that elderly woman suffering skin disorder was 54.2%, aged 75-90 years was 66.7%, that having preceding illness was 56%, the elderly who having less personal hygiene was 77.8% and caretakers with good role was 70.6%. A clean water supply which is not sanitary suffering skin disorder was 51.6%, sanitary bathroom wa s 51.6%, sa nitary bed and counterpan was 57.1%, and trash not sanitary was 58.3%. Based on the statistical test, there are significant relationship between age (p = 0.023, RP = 2.4), the role of caretakers (p = 0.02, RP = 2.4) and personal hygiene (p = 0.001, RP = 0.26) with skin disorder. Age and caretakers with good role are risk factor suffering skin disorder. Good personal hygiene is protective factor to prevent skin disorder. There is no significant relationship between environmental sanitation with skin disorder.
It is suggested to the foundation to increase the quality of service for elderly, especially personal hygiene and the role of caretakers as well as improving environmental sanitation in order to prevent skin disorder .
Key Words : Characteristics of Elderly, Personal Hygiene, Role of Caretakers, Environmental Sanitation, Skin Disorder
