iv ABSTRAK
Spondilitis tuberkulosa merupakan salah satu bentuk tuberkulosis ekstrapulmonal yang paling sering dan membahayakan. Selain meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas, penyakit ini juga menurunkan produktivitas masyarakat. Mengingat insidensi dari penyakit ini masih banyak di Indonesia, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai penyakit ini.
Penelitian telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan rancangan kros-seksional, data diambil dari rekam medis pasien spondilitis tuberkulosa yang dirawat inap di RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin selama periode Januari 2008- Desember 2011. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita spondilitis tuberkulosa.
Dari 54 penderita sebanyak 26 (48,1%) pria dan 28 (51,9%) wanita dengan perbandingan pria:wanita = 1:1,08. Insidensi tertinggi terjadi pada kelompok usi 31-40 tahun (33,3%). Pendidikan penderita terbanyak adalah SMP (7,4%) dan paling banyak bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (16,7%). Penderita terbanyak tidak memiliki riwayat spondilitis tuberkulosa dalam keluarga (25,9%). Keluhan utama penderita yang paling sering didapatkan adalah nyeri punggung (59,3%) dan lokasi infeksi yang paling banyak terdapat di segmen vertebra lumbal (48,1%). Kebanyakan pasien datang tanpa adanya defisit neurologis (46,3%). Pada penelitian ini ditemukan terjadinya penurunan hemoglobin dan hematokrit (72,2%), sedangkan hitung leukosit nomal (51,9%) begitu pula dengan hitung trombosit yang kebanyakan normal (92,6%). Hasil laju endap darah kebanyakan penderita naik (75,9%). Pemeriksaan ICT menunjukan hasil yang negatif pada 25 penderita (46,3%). C-reactive protein ditemukan meningkat pada kebanyakan penderita (72,2%). Pada hasil pemeriksaan radiologis toraks, paling banyak (25,9%) ditemukan positif, terdapat tuberkulosa paru aktif. Terapi yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah terapi operatif (85,2%).
v
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis spondylitis is one of the most frequent and dangerous form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In addition to increased morbidity and mortality, this disease also reduces the productivity of society. The incidences of this disease are still high in Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to conduct further research on this subject.
A descriptive study has been conducted using cross sectional methode, data were taken from medical records of patients who were diagnozed tuberculosis spondylitis and hospitalized in RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin during the period of January 2008 until December 2011. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of patients with tuberculosis spondylitis.
From the observed 54 patients, 26 (48.1%) is male and 28 (51.9%) is female with a ratio of male : female = 1:1,08. The highest incidence occurred at the age group of 31-40 years (33.3%). Education’s level mostly are Junior High School (7.4%) and the mostly occupancy is as housewives (16.7%). Most patients do not have a family background of tuberculosis spondylitis (25.9%). The symptoms of diseases that most patients suffer is back pain (59.3%) and location of the infection occurs mostly in the lumbar vertebral segments (48.1%). Most patients arrive at the hospital without any neurological deficits (46.3%). It is found in this study that there is a decline in hemoglobin and hematocrit (72.2%), while the leukocyte count is normal (51.9%) as well as the platelet count mostly is also normal (92.6%). The results of erythrocyte sedimentation rate of most patients show an increase (75.9%). ICT examination shows negative results in 25 patients (46.3%). C-reactive protein is found to be increased in most patients (72.2%). The result of thoracic radiologic examinations are found to be mostly positive (25.9%) that there is an active pulmonary tuberculosis. In this case, operative therapy is the most widely performed therapy (85.2%).
