# 8
MANAJEMEN AGROEKOSISTEM Manajemen Tanaman
Agroecosystems management integrates economic, ecological and social values to tackle challenges and find opportunities. It takes a broad view that ranges from the ground under your feet to your neighboring farms and communities, and from farm to market to consumer.
• To a farmer it means finding a style of farming that pays the bills, that the neighbors and community want to support and protect, and that your kids want to continue.
• To a scientist it means operating at the intersection of the agricultural disciplines, together with farmers. It means considering agriculture as a system, and seeing both problems and opportunities as properties that emerge from the system rather than one of its parts.
• To a student interested in agriculture, it means the framework for all of your courses and experience, no matter how broad your studies are, and the connection between your focused courses and Indonesian/JATIM agriculture.
• To an environmentalist it means a system of agriculture that enhances environmental qualities like biodiversity and is economically successful as well.
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5 Masalah Pembangunan Pertanian
1. Penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas sumber daya lahan pertanian (C organik tanah 2%
seharusnya minimal 2,5% atau bahan organik
> 4,3%). (terus terjadi penciutan luas lahan pertanian yang beralih fungsi menjadi lahan bangunan dan industri)
2. Terbatasnya aspek ketersediaan
infrastruktur penunjang pertanian yang juga penting namun minim ialah
pembangunan dan pengembangan waduk.
(Total areal sawah di Indonesia sebesar 7.230.183 ha, sumber airnya 11 persen (797.971 ha) berasal dari waduk, sementara 89 persen (6.432.212 ha) berasal dari non- waduk.)
3. Kelemahan dalam sistem alih
teknologi. (Ciri utama pertanian modern adalah produktivitas, efisiensi, mutu dan kontinuitas pasokan yang terus menerus harus selalu meningkat dan terpelihara) 4. Terbatasnya akses layanan usaha
terutama di permodalan. (Kemampuan petani untuk membiayai usaha taninya sangat terbatas sehingga produktivitas yang dicapai masih di bawah produktivitas potensial).
5. Masih panjangnya mata rantai tata
niaga pertanian, (Sehingga
DOMINANT ANNUAL CROPS IN DIFFERENT LIFE ZONES
Life Zone Dominant Annual Crops
Cereals Tubers and Roots
Seed Legumes
1.Tropical rain forest ( 0-500 m altitude, no defined dry season,1500-3000 mm rain)
2.Subtropical humid forest (Premontane) (500-1000 m altitude,short dry season, 1500-2000 mm rain)
3.Subtropical dry forest (Premontane) (500-1000 m altitude,long dry season, 1000-1500 mm rain)
4.Temperate moist forest (low montane) (1000-2000 m altitude,long dry season, 1500 mm rain)
5.Temperate dry forest (low montane) (semiarid,500-1000 mm rain) 6.Cool temperate dry to moist forest
(Montane)(2000-3000 m altitude,long dry season,500-1000 mm rain)
Paddy,rice
Paddy and upland rice,corn Corn,sorghum
Corn,millet,wheat,b arley
Sorghum,millet, wheat,barley Wheat,barley
Dashien,taro
Cassava,Sweet potato
Cassava,Sweet potato White potato
White potato
White potato
Cowpea, string bean
Common bean,string bean,peanut Common bean,peanut soybean Common bean,broad bean,chick pea Broad bean (sweet),pea Broad bean
DOMINANT PERENIAL CROPS IN DIFFERENT LIFE ZONES
Life Zone Dominant Perenial Crops
Herbaceous Arboreal
1.Tropical rain forest ( 0-500 m altitude, no defined dry season,1500-3000 mm rain)
2.Subtropical humid forest (Premontane) (500-1000 m altitude,short dry season, 1500-2000 mm rain)
3.Subtropical dry forest (Premontane) (500-1000 m altitude,long dry season, 1000-1500 mm rain)
4.Temperate moist forest (low montane) (1000-2000 m altitude,long dry season, 1500 mm rain)
Banana,plantain
Sugarcane,bananap lantain,pasture grasses,legumes Sugarcane,pasture grasses and legumes range and pasture grasses and legumes
Rubber,oil
palm,cacao,coconut,trees for forage,firewood and lumber Avocado,mango,citrus,cacao,oil palm,coffee,trees for forage and lumber
Avocado,mango,citrus,coffee,tr ees for forage and firewood Citrus,mango,deciduous fruits,mixed forest trees
