Engineering Drawing An Introduction
TM 141325 / 4 SKS
Fahmi Mubarok MSc, PhD
I 2
Objectives:
• Mampu meyelesaikan masalah rekayasa yang kompleks pada system manufaktur
• Mampu menyelesaikan masalah perancangan dan manufaktur
• Mampu bekerja mandiri dan dalam team
Topik :
• Pendahuluan
Pentingnya gambar teknik
Fungsi gambar teknik
Alat-alat gambar dan cara penggunaannya
• Pengenalan garis dan huruf
• Proyeksi
Proyeksi Piktorial
Proyeksi ortogonal
Penentuan pandangan
• Gambar Potongan
Pengertian dan penyajian gambar potongan
• Jenis pandangan
• Aturan dasar petunjuk ukuran
• Toleransi
• Kekasaran permukaan
• Gambar Ulir dan Pegas
• Gambar Roda Gigi dan Bantalan
• Sambungan las dan symbol-simbolnya
• Gambar kerja
Gambar bagian
Gambar susunan
Buku Pegangan :
1. Ir Ohan Juhana, M Suratman S. Pd
‘Menggambar Teknik Mesin Menurut Standar ISO’
2. G Takeshi Satu, N. Sugiarto Hartanto
‘Menggambar Mesin Menurut Standar ISO’
Evaluasi : Nilai Kelas
Nilai studio Gambar Nilai AutoCAD
Engineering Drawing
Importance
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
Try writing the description of these pictures………
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
And let someone attempt to make a sketch or visualize from your description.
………..………Or these pictures
The word language is inadequate
for describing the
size, shape and features
completely as well as concisely.
It can be found that …
Graphic Language & Effectiveness
Engineering Drawing
Process
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem identification
& exploration of ideas
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
&
3D model
Draw , design and record initial ideas
Created from sketches used or analysis
Refine, optimize
& record the precise data for production
process or implementation
Visualization
is the ability to mentally picture things that do not
exist
Communication
the design solution should be communicated
to others without ambiguity
Documentation
permanent record of the solution
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and Optimization Implementation
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing
In Design Process
Design
Analysis
Refinement and Optimization Implementation
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Analysis
Refinement and Optimization Implementation
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Refinement and Optimization Implementation
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Refinement and Optimization Analysis
Implementation
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
& 3D model
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Implementation Analysis
Refinement and Optimization
• Sketsa
• Gambar rancangan
Desainer Drafter
End User
Gambar Teknik
Gambar kerja
Operator mesin, Assembly line, Konsumen, ETC
Engineering Drawing In Design Process
Engineering Drawing
Standards
Standards Definition
Drawing standards are set of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Why Necessary
ISO International Standards Organization
Standard Code
ANSI American National Standard Institute USA
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard Japan
BS British Standard UK
AS Australian Standard Australia
Deutsches Institut f
ü
r NormungDIN Germany
Country Code Full name
Engineering Drawing
Drawing Sheet
Drawing Sheet : Standard size
Trimmed paper of a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size (JIS)
A4 210 x 297 A3 297 x 420 A2 420 x 594 A1 594 x 841 A0 841 x 1189
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
Drawing space
Title block Border d
lines
Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin
A3 297 x 420
Engineering Drawing
Drawing Scale
Drawing Scales : Definition
Drawing Actual
Length, size
:
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a
drawn representation of an object and the actual object.
1 2
20 10
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales
Drawing Scales : Designation
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.
Standard reducing scales are 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100
Drawing Scales : Standard scale
Standard enlarging scales are 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1
Engineering Drawing
Lettering
- Size (or text height) - line thickness
- Shape
- Space between letters - Space between words
Recommendation
Legibility
Uniformity
Text’s style on the drawing must have the following 2 properties
Examples
GOOD
Not uniform in style.
Not uniform in height.
Not uniformly vertical.
Not uniform in
thickness of stroke.
Inappropriate space between letters
Style (this course)
Gothic vertical style.
Begin the sentence, phrase or word with a capital letter.
Text height 2~3 mm.
Space between lines of text is about of text height.
Height of the lower-case letter is about 2/3 of that of a capital letter.
Basic Strokes
Straight Slanted Horizontal Curved
1 1 2
3
“I” letter “A” letter
1
2 3
4 5
6
“B” letter
Examples
Leave the space between words equal to the space requires for writing a letter “O”.
Example
Sentence Composition
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
O O O
O UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. O
Engineering Drawing
Line Types
Basic Line Types &Application
Continuous Dash
Chain Style
Thickness Thick Thin 1. Dimension line 2. Extension line 3. Leader line
Center line Hidden line Visible line
represent features that can be seen in the current view.
represent features that can not be seen in the current view.
represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts
indicate the sizes and location of features.
1. Visible line
3. Hidden line 4. Center line
2. Dimension line Extension line Leader line
Basic Line Types An Example
Basic Line Types
Drawing Equipment
1. Papan/meja gambar 2. Kertas gambar
3. Penggaris T
4. Penggaris segitiga 90,60,30 5. Penggaris segitiga 90,45,45 6. Jangka & perlengkapannya 7. Pensil (mekanik atau kayu) 8. Rapido
9. Tinta rapido
10. Isi pensil mekanik 11. Penghapus tinta 12. Penghapus pensil 13. Pita perekat
14. Mal lengkung 15. Mistar
16. Busur derajat 17. Mal lingkaran
18. Pelindung penghapus 19. Mal huruf
20. Mal mur dan baut
Garis
Garis yang berimpitan
• Penggambaran berdasarkan prioritas sbb:
– Garis nyata (garis tebal, jenis A)
– Garis nyata yang terhalang (garis gores tipis, jenis E) – Garis bidang potong (jenis H)
– Garis sumbu (jenis G)
– Garis bantu, ukur, arsir (jenis B)
Garis
Kelompok tebal garis
Kelompok tebal garis
(mm)
Tebal (A dan G)
Sedang (D)
Tipis
(B, C, E, F, H)
Ukuran kertas yang
sesuai 0.25
0.35 0.5 (*) 0.7 (*) 1.0 1.4 2.0
0.25 0.35 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 2.0
0.18 0.25 0.35 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4
0.13 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.5 0.7 1.0
A5 A4 – A2 A4 – A1 A4 – A0 A3 – A0 A3 – A0 A2 – A0
*) Kelompok pasangan tebal garis yang sering dipakai
Garis
Ketentuan tambahan
• Jarak antar sumbu garis-garis yang berdekatan dianjurkan minimal 3 kali tebal garis
• Garis-garis sejajar yang berpotongan, jarak
dianjurkan min. 4 kali tebal garis
Garis
Ketentuan tambahan
• Untuk beberapa garis yang berpusat pada sebuah titik, garis-garisnya dianjurkan tidak digambar berpotongan pada titik pusatnya, tetapi berhenti pada titik dimana jarak antara garis yang berdekatan kurang lebih sama
dengan 3 kali tebal garisnya
Garis
Ketentuan tambahan
• Garis gores dan garis gores titik yang berpotongan atau
bertemu harus diperlihatkan dengan jelas titik perpotongan atau pertemuannya
• Panjang garis gores dan jarak antaranya pada satu gambar harus sama
• Jarak antara garis gores atau garis gores titik harus cukup pendek atau tidak terlalu panjang
