Pencapaian performa yang efisien ramah lingkungan

(1)

Perkembangan Teknologi Otomotif

(2)

Perkembangan

Teknologi Otomotif

Kendaraan

ringan

1. Engine

2. Drive train

5. Safety Technology

4. Electrical

3. Chassis

(3)

(4)

Mekanisme Katup

SOHC (Single Over Head Camshaft) OHV (Over Head Valve)

Teknologi Mesin

Sistem Bahan-bakar

EFI - Analog Karburator

Sistem Pengapian

Transistorized / CDI Konvensional (Platina)

VVT-I (Variable Valve Timing Intelligent) DOHC (Double Over Head Camshaft) Head Camshaft)

VVTL-I (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Intelligent

Lean Burn Engine EFI - Microcomputer

D4 (Direct Injection Gasoline)

ESA (Electronic Spark Advance)

IIA (Integrated Ignition Assembly)

(5)

Sistem Pengisian

W/ IC Regulator W/ Regulator tipe Kontak Point

Teknologi Mesin

Sistem Starter

Tipe Reduksi Konvensional

Sistem Bahan-bakar Diesel

Pompa injeksi Distributor

Pompa injeksi In Line

Alternator w/

Conductor segment

Tipe Planetari w/ Segment Conductor Tipe Planetari

(6)

(7)

Background

Global Concern on Energy Savings

Fuel price continue increase

Expanding

energy consumptions

>US$ 122.17/barrel

(8)

Background

Global warming caused by CO2

Global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion

(9)

Drive the changing

The Changing of Market Need

CO2

Drive the changing

of market need

Customer basic

needs on car is

fun to drive

and

driving

performance.

(10)

Improving Fuel Efficiency to

Reduce CO2 Emissions

(11)

(12)

Apa itu Sistem Hybrid?

Gabungan

antara dua sumber tenaga

= 100

HYBRID

= 100

± 50 + ± 50

(13)

Tipe

Sistem Hybrid

Series Hybrid

Motor bensin

memutarkan generator

untuk mensuplai listrik

ke motor listrik

penggerak roda

Contoh:

(14)

Paralel Hybrid

Motor bensin sebagai

penggerak roda utama,

motor listrik hanya

membantu akselerasi.

Tipe

Sistem Hybrid

Engine Motor

Contoh:

Honda Insight, MB S400

(15)

Series & Paralel Hybrid

“Power split device” secara

konstan mengatur rasio tenaga

motor bensin / listrik ke roda.

Dapat menggerakkan

kendaraan

hanya

dengan

Tipe

Sistem Hybrid

kendaraan

hanya

dengan

motor listrik saja.

(16)

Plug-in Hybrid

Baterai dengan

kapasitas lebih besar

(biasanya Lithium) dapat

di charge dengan listrik

“rumah” untuk

Tipe

Sistem Hybrid

“rumah” untuk

memperbanyak

penggunaan motor

listrik dan mengurangi

penggunaan motor

bensin.

(17)

Prius Low Emissions

%CO2 emission of Prius

is 104 g/km ≈ 55% less

than others in the same

class

%NOx emissions of Prius

is 0.010 g/km and HC of

Prius is 0.020 g/km ≈ less

(18)

Prius Fuel Consumption

35.5 km/l

Japan 10 – 15 Mode

City drive : 23.2 km/l

Highway : 21.3 km/l

(19)

Sejarah TOYOTA

Hybrid

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006

Prius

( NHW10) _{Est im a} _Prius_Prius

1999

Export to

USA

( NHW10) _{Est im a}

Alphar d Prius

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006

Crow n

GS450h

USA

(20)

Sejarah TOYOTA

Hybrid

2007 2009

LS600h _Prius_Prius

(21)

(22)

TOYOTA

Hybrid System in PRIUS

Fusion between an internal combustion engine and

electric motor, achieving different function through

different power combinations to create optimum synergy and output.

Tor qu e ( N·m )

M ot or

En gin e

Spe e d ( r pm )

2000 4000 6000 100

(23)

Auxiliary Bat t ery ( Sealed Type)

2ZR- FXE Engine

Cooler

HV Bat t er y Unit • Bat t er y Module

( DC 201.6 V) • Junct ion Block • Bat t er y Sm ar t Unit

THS Main Components

Pow er Cable

I nvert er w it h Convert er Assem bly • Boost Convert er • I nvert er • MG ECU

• DC/ DC Convert er for Auxiliary Bat t ery

ECM

Pow er Managem ent Cont rol ECU ( HV CPU) Cooler

Com pressor w it h Mot or Assem bly

(24)

THS Main Components

Inverter/Converter

Engine

(25)

THS Main Components

• Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears)

§ MG1 – Sun Gear

§ MG2 – Ring Gear Wheels

(26)

THS Main Components

(27)

THS Main Components

Blue: Engine

Click, movie

Yellow: MG1

Orange: MG2

Yellow: MG1

(28)

THS Main Components

• Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears)

Planetary Carrier: fixed Ring Gear: rotates (input)

Ring Gear: fixed

(29)

THS Main Components

• Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears)

Planetary Carrier: fixed

(30)

THS Main Components

Planetary Gears

Chain-drive Sprocket

Hybrid Transaxle

(31)

THS Main Components

Hybrid Transaxle

Counter Drive Gear

Gear

Final Drive Pinion Gear Counter-driven Gear

Final Ring Gear

Chain-driven Sprocket

Reduction Mechanism

(32)

THS Main Components

Hybrid Transaxle

• MG1 / MG2

– Compact and lightweight, highly efficient AC 650 V motor generator

(33)

THS Main Components

Hybrid Transaxle

• MG1

– Main operations ® Generator

– When engine starting ® Starter

MG1 Stator Coil

Rotor

(34)

THS Main Components

• MG2

– When driving ® Main power to engine power (Starting off) or provides supplementary

– When braking ® Converts kinetic energy to electrical energy

MG2

Stator Coil _Rotor

(35)

THS Main Components

(36)

THS Main Components

Atkinson Cycle:

Compression < Expansion

Com pr e ssion

_{Ex pa n sion}

(37)

THS Main Components

Engine

• Atkinson Cycle

– Depending on the driving condition, the cylinder volume is varied by VVT-i

Valve Timing (Intake Valve) Cylinder Volume

TDC

105_°

72_° VVT-i

Operation

(38)

THS Main Components

Engine

• Atkinson Cycle

– Intake valve close timing is late

(39)

THS Main Components

Engine

• Atkinson Cycle

– Intake valve close timing is early

(40)

THS Main Components

Inverter Assembly

• Components

– Inverter

• DC « AC high voltage

– Variable-voltage System

• DC201.6V stepped up to max. DC500V

– DC-DC Converter

• DC201.6V stepped down to DC 12V

– A/C Inverter

(41)

THS Main Components

Inverter Assembly

HV Battery

Inverter Assembly Inverter Assembly

Variable-voltage System

MG1

MG2

Inverter

HV Battery

A/C Inverter

MG2

(42)

THS Main Components

Inverter Assembly

Variable-voltage

Max. DC 650V

-- ¯¯

DC 201.6V Inverter AssemblyInverter Assembly

MG1

HV Battery

DC 201.6V DC500V

Variable-voltage System

•IPM (IGBT)

•Reactor

AC500V

MG2

: Discharge : Charge

MG1

(43)

THS Main Components

Inverter Assembly

– Cooling circuit is used for inverter assembly – Separate cooling system from engine

Reservoir Tank

Reservoir

Pump

Radiator

Electric Water Pump

MG1 / 2

Radiator

(44)

THS Main Components

Batteray

(45)

THS Main Components

HV Batteray

The Battery has been made from Nickel-Metal Hydride (201.6V)

(46)

THS Main Components

HV Batteray

Current Sensor

Module

SMR3

SMR2

Resister

Battery ECU

SMR1

(47)

THS Main Components

• Battery ECU

– Maintains control of HV battery SOC (State of charge) – Ensures battery capability

Battery ECU

SOC Control

Cooling Fan Control

Electrical Leakage Detection for High-voltage System

Diagnosis Function for HV Battery

HV Battery Condition Detection

•HV ECU

CAN

Battery

Cooling Fan Relay

Service Plug

Temp. Sensors (Thermistor) Battery

Cooling Fan Motor

HV Battery

Current Sensor

+

-High-voltage System for HV Battery •HV ECU_{•Engine ECU}

•A/C ECU

Battery

(48)

THS Main Components

• Battery ECU

– Controls SOC to match THS characteristics

– The SOC is maintained at approx, 60%. A margin is given for further recharging via regenerative braking

(49)

THS Main Components

• SOC Control

– When the SOC is dropped, battery ECU sends the “Charge Request” signal to HV ECU

Battery ECU

SOC

Charge Request

Power Request

HV ECU Engine ECU

HV Battery _Engine

Drive Charge

Voltage (SOC)

Charging

Control

(50)

Information Display (New/3

rd

Gen Prius)

(51)

THS Main Components

(52)

(53)

Item Prius Corolla Altis

Engine Type 2ZR-FXE 1.8L 16V DOHC VVT-I

1ZZ-FE 1.8L 16V DOHC VVT-I Compression ratio 13.0 : 1 10 : 1

Max Output PS/rpm 99/5,200 143/6,000 Maximum Torque kgm/rpm 14.2/4,000 19.1/4,200

THS Main Components

Motor Type Synchronous AC motor (650 V)

Maximum output in PS 81.6

Maximum torque Nm 207 (546 setelah di reduksi)

Total System Maximum output in PS ₁₃₆

(54)

THS : How it Works

Gasoline

Engine

Motor/Generator

Battery

Engine

Motor/Generator

Power-split

Device

(55)

THS : How it Works

1. Start and low to mid-range speeds

The engine stops

when in an inefficient

range,

such as at start-up

and in low to

mid-range

speeds. The vehicle

runs on the motor

alone.

(56)

THS : How it Works

Engine power is divided

by the power split device.

Some of the power turns

the generator, which in

turn

2. Driving under normal conditions

turn

drives the motor.

The rest of the power

drives the wheels directly.

Power allocation is

controlled to maximize

efficiency.

(57)

THS : How it Works

Extra power is

supplied from the

battery, while the

engine and

3. Sudden acceleration

engine and

high-output motor

provide smooth

response for improved

acceleration

characteristics.

(58)

THS : How it Works

The high-output motor acts

as a high-output generator,

driven by the vehicle’s

wheels. This regenerative

braking

4. Deceleration, braking

braking

system recovers kinetic

energy as electrical

energy,

which is stored in the

high-performance battery.

(59)

THS : How it Works

Battery level is

managed to maintain

sufficient reserves.

The engine

5. Battery recharging

The engine

drives the generator

to recharge the

battery when

necessary.

(60)

THS System Operation

St art- off Norm al _Driving Accelerat ion Decelerat ion St op

Elect ric

Engine aut om at ically

(61)

THS : Others System

• Brake System

– ECB (Electrically Controlled Brake)

– Hydraulic brake pressure is controlled by electrical signal and cooperate regenerative brake

Hydraulic Brake

Skid Control ECU

Vehicle Condition Driver’s Demand

HV ECU

(62)

THS : Others System

Brake System

– The total brake force provided by both hydraulic and regenerative brakes matches the braking power required

62

(63)