Microbiology on fish and fisheries products

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FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS

ide ntific atio n manual. Cab i Pub lishing: Oxfo rdshire . UK M

 Huss, H.H. 1 9 9 4 . Assuranc e o f se afo o d q uality. FAO fishe rie s te c hnic al

 Mahmo ud, B.S.M., Yamazaki, K., Miyashita, K., il-Shik., S., Do ng-Suk, C., Suzuki, T., 2 0 0 4 . Bac te rial mic ro flo ra o f c arp (Cyprrinus c arpio) and its she lf-life e xte ntio n by e sse ntial o il c o mpo unds. Fo o d Mic ro b io lo gy., 2 1 : 6 5 7 – 6 6 6 .

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REFERENCES (CONTINUED):

 Banwart, G.J. 1 9 8 9 . Basic Fo o d Mic ro bio lo gy 2nd_{Ed. Van}

No strand Re inho ld. Ne w Yo rk: UK

 Garbutt, J., 1 9 97 Esse ntial o f Fo o d Mic ro bio lo gy. Lo ndo n. UK.  Fo shyte and Haye s. 1 9 9 8 . Fo o d Hygie ne , Mic ro bio lo gy and

HACCP. ASPEN Public atio n: UK.

 Jay, J.M. 2 0 0 0 . Mo de rn Fo o d Mic ro bio lo gy. Aspe n Publishe r. Maryland: USA.

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INTRODUCTION

 The m ic ro bial o f fo o d c o nsist o f MO asso c iate d with RM.  Mo st fo o ds are subje c te d to m any po te ntial so urc e s o f MO.  The po te ntial so urc e s o f c o ntam inatio n are so il, wate r, palnts,

anim als, hum an be ings, se wage , pro c e ssing e quipm e nts, ingre die nts, pro duc ts & pac kaging m ate rial.

 MO c an be e xc hange d be twe e n o the r so urc e s

 Why sho uld we be c o nc e rne d with so urc e s o f c o ntam inatio n?

EKO SUSANTO – DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY (e ko _ thp@ undip.ac .id)

SOURCES OF MO CAUSING FISH SPOILAGE

 WATER

 Tro pic al and sub tro pic al wate r

 Marine wate r

 Brac kish wate r

 Fre sh wate r

 SOIL

 AIR

 ANIMALS

 HUMAN

 SEWAGE

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WATER

INTRODUCTION



Wate r is po te ntial s o urc e o f MO

c o ntaminatio n



Wate r lands may c o ntaminate d by

s o il Mo s .



Se wage & fe c e s



c o ntaminate s o il

& wate r lands .

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SEVERAL BACTERIA FROM WATER

 Wate r c o ntac t during harve sting, handling, & pro c e ssing .

 Wate r is a dire c t suo rc e o f c o ntam inatio n  MO in wate r c o ntam inate the surfac e , gills, &

inte stinal trac t in fish & she llfish.

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SOIL

INTRODUCTION

 Mo st o f se wage , human c o rpse , plant tissue , e tc b urie d in so il.

 Afte r se ve ral ye ars the y c hange s into o rganic and ano rganic c o mpo und -- > MO

 5 main c o mpo ne nts o f so il: mine ral partic le , o rganic mate rial, wate r, gas, &

mic ro o rganism.

 Fe rtile so il has ric h MO

 MO c hange s so il c he mic al sub stanc e s thro ugh se ve ral b io c he mistry pro c e ss.

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

So il is natural habitat o f s o me Mo s



Type s & numbe rs o f MO vary with type s o f s o il



MO gro wth is limite d to are as o f o rganic mate rial



Fac to rs affe c ting MO gro wth : c he mic al c o mpo s itio n,

rate o f de c o mp., & e nvi c o nditio n.

NUMBER & TYPES OF MO



MO quite pre vale nt



Bac illus &

Clo stridium



MO c o mmo n in fo o d & so il



Ac ine to bac te r, Alc alige ne s,

Arthro bac te r, Bac illus, Clo stridium,

Co ryne bac te rium, Flavo bac te rium,

Mic ro c o c c us, Pse udo mo nas, &

Stre pto myc e s.



C. bo tulinum A & C are fo und in so il.



MO in so il be c o me inac tivate d by

pre dato rs, bac te rio lytic e nzyme s, &

to xin.

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CONTAMINATION OF FOODS



MO c o ntaminate to RM & pro duc t

by dire c t c o ntac t.



MO numbe rs are influe nc e d by

de gre e o f c o ntamanitio n o f s o il.



Marine s e dime nts -



MO range

1 0

4

_{– 1 0}

9

_{/ g}



The s e bac te ria are

Ae ro mo nas ,

Bac illus , Chro mo bac te rum,

Citro bac te r, Es c he ric hia,

Ps e udo mo nas , & Vibrio

.

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INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF BACTERIA AND MOLDS WHICH ARE ISOLATE FROM

ATHMOSPHERE

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TYPES & NUMBERS OF MO

 The re is no natural / no rm al MO o f air.  Mo lds spo re s > pre vale nt than o the r MO  Co ntam inatio n o f the air is c ause d by gusts.

 So urc e s MO 4 air c o ntam inatio n : spraying, splashing, vibratio n, bursting, e tc .

 Type s o f MO: Kle bs ie lla, Bac illus , Flavo bac te rium, Stre ptic o c c us ,& Mic ro c o c c us.

 Mic ro flo ra air in fo o d pro c e sing re fle c ts sanitary c o nditio n.

 Type s ye ast in air: As pe rgillus , Pe nic illium, Clado s po rium, Alte rnaria, He lmintho s po rium

SURVIVAL & FOOD-PROCESSING OPERATION



Stability o f Mo s in air is affe c te d by Rh, te mpe rature ,

O2 , s o lar fac to rs , & c he mic al c o mpo ne nts .

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ANIMAL AND PLANT FOOD



Animal & plant



s o urc e o f c he mic al

& bio lo gic al c o ntaminatio n o n fo o ds .



Mic ro o rganis ms in animal fe e d c an

c o ntaminate the fe e t, hide , hair, &

fe athe rs o f animals .



Plant o f fo o d may c o ntain o rganis m

that c an c o ntaminate he palnt &

as s o c iate human fo o ds .

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PLANTS

 Plants are c o ntam inate d by MO fro m se ve ral so urc e s (dirt, wate r, air, fe rtilize r, anim als, & hum an).

 Pse udo m nas are quite pre vale nt o n ve ge table s.

 Se ve ral flo we rs o f fruit are inhabite d by se ve ral ye ast suc h as Sac c haro myc e s , Hans e nula, To rulo ps is , Candida, Rho do to rula, & Klo e c ke ra.

 De c aying plant is im po ttant so urc e o f MO.

ANIMALS



MOs in animals are fo unds in gastro inte stinal, nasal

pasage , c utne o us le sio ns, & skin, fe e t, hair / fe athe r.



Animals able to tranfe re d patho ge n bac te ria to fo o ds.



Flie s have a part in spre ading o f

Salmo ne lla, Shige lla,

Vibrio , Es c he ric ia c o li,

& o the r MO c ausing fo o d spo ilage .



Pre do minant o rganisms in the inte stinal flo ra o f bo th

animal & human ar o bligate s anae ro be suc h as

Bac te rio de s

&

Pe pto stre pto c o c c us .

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HUMAN

 Staphylo c o c c i are pre do m inant o n no rm al infant skin.

 The c o lo nizatio n o f MO is abundant in no se , o ral c avity, thro at, re spirao ry, dige stive , & uro ge nital trac ts.

 The pre do m inant MO o n the skin are staphylo c o c c i, c o ryne bac te ria, & pro pio nibac te ria.

 Mic ro c o c c us , Bac illus , Alc alige ne s , Ps e udo mo nas ,

Ente ro bac te r, Kle bs ie lla, Pro te us , Es c he ric hia, & Citro bac te r are quite pre vale nt o n hum an skin.

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 Fe c al flo ra o f infants is c o m po se d prim arily spe c ie s o f Bifido bac te rium .

 Fe c al adult

 Die t influe nc e s the fe c al m ic ro flo ra

 Mo st bac te ria in re st ro o m is Salmo ne lla / Shige lla  In fish pro c e ssing, pro c e ss that c o ntac t with hum an m ay