LOVE PROBLEMS IN ONE’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AS SEEN IN FITZWILLIAM DARCY AND ELIZABETH BENNET,
THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JANE AUSTEN’S PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A Thesis
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain theSarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Oki Putra Darmawan Student Number: 041214128
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
i
LOVE PROBLEMS IN ONE’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AS SEEN IN FITZWILLIAM DARCY AND ELIZABETH BENNET,
THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JANE AUSTEN’S PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A Thesis
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain theSarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Oki Putra Darmawan Student Number: 041214128
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
v Save your tears
For the day
When our pain is far behind On your feet
Come with me We are soldiers stand or die
Rise
I’m a soldier, born to stand In this waking hell I am Witnessing more than I can compute
Save your fears Take your place
Save them for the judgment day Fast and free
Follow me
Time to make the sacrifice We rise or fall
Don’t you cry Hide the tears
Because a new day will start Your fire
Will be heated By thousands of hearts
But now get up Hide the pain and fear far The one who’s right will win Know that everything is in your hands
(Origa of soundtrack Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex)
vi ABSTRACT
Oki Putra Darmawan. 2009.Love Problems in One’s Personality Development as Seen in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, the Main Characters of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis discusses Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice novel which was published in 1813. The main analysis of this novel is about Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet’s personality development due to their love problems. It is interesting to discuss the connection between personality development and love in this novel since it could raise the understanding of love values. There are two problems to discuss in this study: (1) How are Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy described in the novel, and (2) How did their love problems affect their personality development. Based on those problems above, this study aims to analyze the characteristic of the main characters and to find the effect of love problems in their personality development.
Library study is the method used to find the answers. There are three sources; the primary source is the novel, the secondary sources are the serial and motion picture and the tertiary sources are books related to this study. The psychological approach is used to analyze Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet’s personality development. This study applies the theory of character and characterization to find the characteristic of the main characters and psychoanalysis and emotional intelligence to explain the process of personality development in their love problems.
The result of this study shows that Fitzwilliam Darcy is a good-natured and honest man that appreciates knowledge. Nevertheless, in the beginning of the novel he appears to be a proud man. Elizabeth Bennet is a charming, bright and confident person. In spite of her attractive personality, Elizabeth is also a prejudiced person in this novel. When Darcy meets Elizabeth is when pride meets prejudice. Actually, both of them have pride and prejudice, but Jane stresses one personality over another in each character. The story is all about Darcy that falls in love with Elizabeth, a woman with a family inferiority. Elizabeth rejects his ‘fake’ love because he still considers her social status. She also expresses all her prejudice to Darcy that in the end proves to be wrong. As a final point, both of them realize their mistakes of being proud and prejudiced and find true love from their self-development on the personality that they have.
vii ABSTRAK
Oki Putra Darmawan. 2009.Love Problems in One’s Personality Development as Seen in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, the Main Characters of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membicarakan tentang novel Pride and Prejudice dari Jane Austen yang diterbitkan tahun 1813. Analisis novel ini berisi tentang pengembangan kepribadian dari Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet dalam kaitannya dengan masalah cinta. Merupakan hal yang menarik untuk membahas hubungan antara pengembangan kepribadian dan cinta karena hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman akan nilai cinta. Studi ini akan membahas dua masalah. (1) Bagaimana Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet digambarkan dalam novel tersebut dan (2) Bagaimana masalah cinta mereka mempengaruhi pengembangan kepribadian mereka. Berdasarkan masalah diatas, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik dari tokoh utama dan menemukan efek dari masalah cinta dalam pengembangan kepribadian mereka
Studi perpustakaan adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menemukan jawaban tersebut. Terdapat tiga macam sumber, sumber pertama adalah novel tersebut, sumber kedua adalah serial dan film dan sumber ketiga adalah buku yang berhubungan dengan studi ini. Pendekatan psikologis digunakan untuk menganalisa pengembangan kepribadian Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet. Studi ini menggunakan teori tokoh dan penokohan untuk menemukan karakteristik dari tokoh utama dan psikoanalisis dan kecerdasan emosional untuk menjelaskan proses pengembangan kepribadian dari masalah cinta mereka.
Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Fitzwilliam Darcy adalah orang yang baik, jujur dan menghargai ilmu pengetahuan. Meskipun demikian, di awal novel dia terlihat sebagai orang yang sombong. Elizabeth Bennet adalah seseorang yang menawan, cerdas dan percaya diri. Disamping kepribadiannya yang menarik Elizabeth juga menjadi seseorang yang berprasangka dalam novel ini. Bertemunya Darcy dan Elizabeth sama halnya dengan bertemunya rasa harga diri dan prasangka. Sebenarnya keduanya memiliki rasa harga diri dan prasangka, tetapi Jane menekankan satu kepribadian diatas yang lainnya dalam tiap karakter. Kisah in menceritakan tentang Darcy yang jatuh cinta pada Elizabeth, seorang wanita yang status keluarganya rendah. Elizabeth menolak cinta ‘palsu’-nya karena dia masih mempertimbangkan status sosialnya. Elizabeth juga mengungkapkan seluruh prasangkanya pada Darcy yang pada akhirnya terbukti salah. Akhirnya, keduanya menyadari kesalahan mereka akan rasa harga diri dan prasangka dan menemukan cinta sejati dari pengembangan diri pada kepribadian yang mereka miliki.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to show my greatest gratitude to Allah SWT, with His help and protection that encourages me to be strong and brave in life. He gives me amazing opportunities to know and feel the power of knowledge, to learn and understand life and to experience happiness in different ways.
My great appreciation goes to Drs. Antonius Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D., my sponsor, who sacrifices his time to guide and motivate me, gives enormous supports and complete feedbacks to improve my thesis. His understanding and patience to me are very helpful. My deepest gratitude also goes toSr. Margareth FCJ,for her kindness to give helpful feedbacks in correcting my writing.
I would also like to give my appreciation to all PBI lecturers, who have helped me acquire priceless knowledge and share precious experiences and the secretariat staff, Mbak Danik andMbak Tari, for their hospitality, honesty and kindness to help me.
My earnest gratitude goes to my parents Sudaryanto and Endang Koestantie. They teach me how to be patient and sincere in life. I would also like to express my appreciation to my brothers, Arya Putra Kurniawan and Chandra Putra Kusuma Wardhanafor giving support and challenging thoughts that make life far from boring.
ix
Mbak Melon, Mas Ronald, Hanung, and many other players for giving me the chance to improve my skills and share those wonderful moments. I thankPBI and FKIP Basketball Team for giving me support and faith to lead them all in the competition.
I also thankGaruda English Course: Dian, Maya, Tia, Joni, and Mbak Putrifor inspiring me to be a better leader. I thankMary, Pebni, and Retno that give me fearless critique, understanding and open-heartedness. My sincere thanks go to Yason for his enormous support and trust also to Bentar, who gives huge expectation and support to work together in many projects. My gratitude also goes to Baka Hana, Mira, Putri, Bernard, Dita, Linda, Lexy, Erlian, Bram, for critical advice, enjoyable moments, and great experiences.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank all of my friends that I cannot mention by name here for their support and help.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ……….... i
PAGES OF APPROVAL ………...….. ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ………. iv
PAGE OF DEDICATION ………... v
ABSTRACT ………...… vi
ABSTRAK……….. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………..….. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………....… x
LIST OF APPENDICES ………... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ………... 1
B. Problem Formulation ………...… 2
C. Objectives of the Study ………...… 3
D. Benefits of the Study …... 3
E. Definition of Terms ………...…... 4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Character and Characterization ………. 6
B. Critical Approaches ………...…..…. 9
xi
D. Emotional Intelligence ………. 13 D. Review of Related Studies ………... 16 E. Theoretical Framework ……… 17
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Subject Matter ………. 19 B. Approach ………. 19 C. Procedure ………. 20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
A. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet and
Fitzwilliam Darcy ... 22 1. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet ... 22 2. The Description of Fitzwilliam Darcy ... 28 B. The Changes Due to the Love Problems in Their Life ... 32 1. Daniel Goleman’s changes ... 32 2. How Their Love Problems Affected Their Life ... 35 C. The Meaning of the Personality Changes of Darcy
xii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion ... 44 B. Suggestion and Recommendation ... 45 REFERENCES
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1: Summary of the Novel ……….. 49
Appendix 2: Cover of the Novel ……… 53
Appendix 3: Biography of Jane Austen ……….… 54
Appendix 4: Picture of Jane Austen ……….. 57
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This first chapter consists of five sections Background of the Study,
Problem Formulation, Objectives of the Study, Benefits of the Study, and
Definition of Terms.
A. Background of the Study
Pride and Prejudice is a novel that focuses on the marriage in the 19th century that usually happened because of financial purposes and not based on the
true love. In this story Elizabeth Bennet, the main character of the novel, is the
one who maintains her principle to get married only with the one that she truly
loves. From this principle, the other main character, Fitzwilliam Darcy is aware of
Elizabeth Bennet’s existence and tries to improve his character positively towards
different classes that also happens at the same time. As we could see from the title
of the novel, this novel also brings the personality of pride and prejudice that
appears in the main characters and how they could overcome these in the end. In
addition, true love wins over all pride and prejudice---this is the message with
which Jane Austen, an old maid, concludes her greatest book (Bledsoe, 1873: 8).
This study takes Jane Austen’s novel because of the appreciation of the
way she used many values of life in the Pride and Prejudice. There are many
values involved in this novel such as love, marriage, pride, emotion,
narrow-mindedness and thought that make this novel enjoyable to read.
All these values could give the excitement, because there are plenty of emotions poured into the novel. Each character brings this variety of emotion into a complex process of facing problems and finding solutions. Later on, they are able to develop their personality. It could be better or worse, depending on the choice of the characters in choosing options for their life. It is suitable with the basic theory of Emotional Intelligence related to the personality development. This finding could raise the interest of reading the novel and increase the level of understanding of life values.
Clearly, the purpose of taking this novel and the theory of Emotional Intelligence together is to find the deepest meaning of the story by observing the improvement of their personality development. Moreover, the most suitable way to have this profound knowledge of love, emotion and personality development is to analyze this novel using the theory of Emotional Intelligence while the approach used is psychological approach.
B. Problem Formulation
Considering the discussion above, this study would like to state two problems which are formulated as follows:
C. Objectives of the Study
This study aims to answer the questions listed in the problem formulation above. There are two objectives in this literary study. First is to analyze the characteristic of the main characters, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy. Second is to find the effect of love problems in their personality development.
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is meant for those who want to understand the novel better especially for the students of the Faculty of Letters and the English Language Education Study Program, particularly at Sanata Dharma. Since this study gives immense focus on the characterization from a psychological view, this thesis will discuss entirely about how each of the main characters gains experience from the love problems that occur in the story. Moreover, they are able to develop their Emotional Intelligence (EI) throughout the story by facing the problems and trying to solve them. The writer hopes that this study would provide a wider view in promoting the use of literature in the language teaching and learning field at the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and other universities of the same department.
For the field of the study of literature, the writer surely hopes that this study would enrich the literary study, especially the study of Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice.
might provide them with a useful guide to make critical judgments, so they can achieve the goals of their studies.
E. Definition of Terms
I would like to define the terms used in this study to provide a clear picture of the study conducted. Those terms are:
1. Love Problem
Love is defined as a strong feeling of deep affection for somebody or something (Hornby, 1995: 699). While problem is defined as a thing that is difficult to deal with or understand (921). Therefore, love problem is a thing that is difficult to deal with or understand that comes from a strong feeling of deep affection for somebody or something.
2. Character
This study uses M. H. Abrams’ A Glossary of Literary Terms to know the meaning of characters. In this book, he defines characters as:
The persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say—the dialogue—and by what they do—the action (1981: 20).
3. Emotional Intelligence
According to Goleman (1998: 317), emotional intelligence is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. In addition, he says that abilities related to Emotional Intelligence or EI for short, include self-control, persistence, zeal, the ability to motivate oneself, impulse self-control, empathy, and compassion (1995: 22).
4. Personality Development
According to Hornby (1995: 863), personality is defined as the qualities that make somebody different and interesting. Development is defined as the action or process of developing or being developed (318). From those definitions above, we can conclude that personality development is the process of developing the qualities that make somebody different and interesting. Based on http://library.thinkquest.org/C004361/intro.html, personality is the deeply fixed, consistent, distinctive and characteristic patterns of our thoughts, feelings and behaviour that define a person's own style of interacting with the physical and social environment. Therefore, we could also say that each person is unique and different from each other. It is because each person has his or her own personality development and ways to solve problems in their life.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this study, I used some theories to analyze this novel. They are the
theory of character and characterization, theory of critical approaches, theory of
emotional intelligence, review of related studies and theoretical framework.
A. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
According to Forster (1974: 46-48) there are two kinds of character, the
‘flat’ and ‘round’ characters. A flat character (also called ‘type’, or two
dimensional), is built around ‘a single idea or quality’ and is presented in outline
and without much individualizing detail, and so can be fairly adequately described
in a single phrase or sentence. A flat character is characterized by one or two
traits. Forster calls this kind of character flat because we see only one side of him.
One great advantage of a flat character is that we can easily recognize him
or her whenever he or she comes. We can recognize him or her by the reader’s
emotional eye, not by the visual eye that merely notes the recurrence of a proper
name. It means that by seeing a part of a person’s character, the readers can get
the description of the whole character. A second advantage is that the readers can
easily remember them. It is because, from the very beginning of the story until the
end of it, their character remains the same (unchanged). They remain in the
reader’s mind as unalterable for the reason that they do not change by
circumstances. We can sum up the character into one or two words.
While a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity. We remember him in connection with the great scenes—that is to say, we do not remember him so easily, because he waxes and wanes and has many facets like a human being thus he is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and, like most people, he is capable of surprising us (48).
According to Roger B Henkle (1977: 88), characters can be described as majoror secondary ones. Major characters are the most important and complex characters in a novel. They can be identified as such through the complexity of their characterization, the attention given to them (by the author and by the other characters), and the personal intensity that they seem to transmit. It is the major characters who deserve our fullest attention because they perform a key structural function: upon them we build expectations and desires, which, in modification, shift or establish our values, while secondary characters are characters who perform more limited functions. They may be less sophisticated, so that their responses to the experience are less complex and interesting.
Characterization, according to Hornby (1995: 187), is defined as the action or process of characterizing especially the description of human character in novels, plays, etc.
intervene authoritatively in order to describe and often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities of his characters. The author can merely present his characters talking and acting and he leaves the reader to infer what motives and disposition lies behind what they say or do. The author can also assign the role of an outside observer, giving his own explanation, comments and judgment about the character. Alternatively, one character may comment on the motives and behaviour of another in the form of conversations or as private thoughts that only the reader can overhear them. In brief, Murphy mentions nine ways of how the characters are presented by the author:
1. Personal description
The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes. 2. Character as seen by others
Instead of describing a character directly, the author can describe him through the eyes and opinion of another. The reader gets, as it were, a reflected image. 3. Speech
The author can give the reader an insight into the character of one of the persons in the book through what the person says.
4. Past life
By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life, the author can give the reader a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. 5. Conversation with others
6. Reactions
The author can give the reader a clue to a person’s character by letting the reader know how that person reacts to various situations and events.
7. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. 8. Thoughts
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. 9. Mannerism
The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character.
The methods of characterization were used to analyze the way Jane Austen presents the characters to the readers. I also used Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice by Barnes & Noble and Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice by Penguin to facilitate my study furthermore.
However, not all of the methods of characterization are used to analyze the characterization of the characters in the novel. It is because the author of the novel, Jane Austen, does not use all of the methods of characterization above, but only some of them are used.
B. CRITICAL APPROACHES
harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters of technique determine structure; biographical approach that attempts to learn as much as we can about the life and development of the author and to apply this knowledge in our attempt to understand his writings; socio-cultural-historical approach which insist that the only way to locate the real work is in reference to the civilization that produced it; mythopoeic approach that seek to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought, which they believe to have an expression in significant works of art; psychological approach that involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge most often on that offered by Sigmund Freud and his followers.
The five approaches described above have their values and their limitations. It seems likely to the authors that no single approach will serve for every piece of literature. Each of those have their proper insights to give and part of the task of the critic and the reader of literature is to find the approach or approaches that will best lead to adjust appreciation of a particular work of literature (15). This thesis uses psychological approach to analyze the alteration of emotion in the novel.
C. PSYCHOANALYSIS
behavior. The theory of psychoanalysis from Sigmund Freud is used to analyze the characters’ unconscious drives that determine their behaviours. The human personality (which he divided into three parts- the ego, the superego, and the id-all residing within the mind of a man and often in conflict with one another) develops from infancy through childhood until adolescence (Rohrberger & Woods, 1971: 14). In brief, Cloninger (2004: 37-40) explains the definition of personality structure proposed by Sigmund Freud namely id, ego and super ego in the following sections:
1. Id
The first structure of personality is the id. This is the only structure of personality, which is present at birth and is unconscious. The id is the source of psychic energy named libido, which is sexual. This energy becomes the motivation of all aspects of personality. There are two kinds of psychic energy, namely eros refers to the life-instinct and thanatos refers to death instinct. Eros is a kind of libido that motivates maintenance of behaviours and love. Besides, thanatos is a destructive force toward death. This instinct motivates all kinds of aggression, including war, murder, and suicide. Thus, it is known that all personality functions are motivated by instinctive energy.
that bring pleasure by reducing tension, immediately, and regardless to reality constraints.
As a result, an instinct needs desired object, person or thing. These objects help to satisfy the instinct. For example, the object of sexually aroused adult is a sexual partner. However, the id function only based on primary process, which is primitive, is purely instinctive and not socialized. This instinctive impulse consequent is dangerous or deadly. Sometimes, reality does not satisfy its force and people tend to instantly imagine the object, hallucinatory, to gratify his or her needs.
Overall, it can be concluded that the actions based on the id are basic human instinct such as instinct of sexuality (life-instinct), aggression (death-instinct), and instant gratification. Therefore, if the id is the only part of personality, an individual might seek pleasure and avoid discomfort in immediate and dangerously impulsive way.
2. Ego
Thus, the ego can ensure that the id can be expressed in an acceptable manner of the real world.
3. Superego
The superego is a set of ethical standards or rules for behavior. It has two parts; the conscience and the ego ideal. The conscience lists the thing that should not be done in a social life, while the ego ideal lists the thing that should be done to obtain proud feelings. The superego functions as morality principle. As a result, violating the rules may cause guilty feeling. In conclusion, the superego leads to perfection and is, therefore, unrealistic as the id.
Between the two extremes of superego and id lies ego, the balance of rationality. The ego must not only satisfy the id but also must not violate the standards of the superego therefore the perfect action is accomplished. In brief, the key to healthy personality is a balance between the id, ego, and superego.
D. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Emotional Intelligence consists of five basic emotional competencies (Goleman, 1995: 43), or abilities, you can develop to use your emotions more effectively. The first three, Emotional Self-Awareness, Emotional Self-Regulation and Emotional Self-Motivation, is the intrapersonal set of skills that deals with managing our emotions. After that we could manage our relationship with others in the interpersonal skills that consists of empathy and nurturing relationship.
EMOTIONS for Busy Business People, he explains all of the five basic emotional competencies and the first one is the explanation of Emotional Self-Awareness.
It has to do with being aware ofwhat you’re feeling in the moment … If you don’t know what emotion you’re feeling, you don’t have the information you need to decide whether to stay in the emotion or to change it. (7)
Therefore, we can conclude that Emotional Self-Awareness is about knowing your emotion as the basic in Emotional Intelligence.
He also explains the second competence that is Emotional Self-Regulation as follows.
This is not about “stuffing, holding in, or hiding” our emotions; rather it is about being able to choose our emotions ... If we don’t like the emotion we’re experiencing, it would be beneficial if we were able to choose a better one, or transform it into a more positive, productive emotion. (8)
After knowing our emotion, we will be able to identify it and if we do not like our emotion at that time, we can choose another emotion that suits us better depending on the circumstances.
The third is Emotional Self-Motivation which is defined as follows.
This is about having the skill to activate positive, productive emotions … The two key words associated with this competency are persistence and success. Our ability to call up and use positive emotions such as excitement, enthusiasm, joy, courage, etc., is critical to self-motivation. (8)
The fourth is Empathy which is described as follows.
Empathy is the ability to put yourself in “someone else’s shoes” so you can see the situation from their point-of-view … By putting ourselves in someone else’s shoes, we not only learn and understand how they feel, we can also use that information to help us adjust our position or approach to arrive at win-win solutions to disagreements or conflicts. (8)
This interpersonal skill proves to be very helpful to maintain our relationship with others, because we can understand the others’ point of view towards problems.
The last but not least is the Nurturing Relationship. According to Byron Stock, Nurturing Relationship is:
“Setting a positive tone of cooperation,” even if things aren’t going well. In times of difficulty, rather than trying to regulate other people’s emotions, we must be able to manage our own in order to have authentic concern or care for others and ourselves. This fifth competency is available to you once you learn how to use and apply the techniques in the other four competencies. (8)
Following Empathy, Nurturing Relationship is the last competency; this one completes the other. After knowing the comprehensive understanding of empathy, then we set the positive tone into cooperation by managing our own emotions instead of regulating others in order to have authentic concern or care for others and ourselves.
characters towards the problems that they faced and how they solve it. Therefore, the writer feels the importance to analyze this novel using the theory of Emotional Intelligence.
E. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
The development of characters with psychological approach and the use of Emotional Intelligence as the theory to apply is the aim of this study. The analysis focuses on the process to achieve higher level of Emotional Intelligence that we can find when the characters are facing a problem. The characters decision of the problem is the essential part that I would like to explore because the decision could affect both the level of the characters’ Emotional Intelligence and the way the story goes. The characters would reveal their personality and reaction to the love problems in the novel.
Austen’s biographical background in writing Pride and Prejudice (2000) written by Dwi Utami and analysis on the irony in the characterization in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice (1998) written by E. Rahayu Prasetyaningsih.
This study involves character and characterization with psychological approach and Emotional Intelligence theory to find the deepest meaning of the novel and it does not involve marriage, setting, practices of feminism, biographical background, and the irony in characterization.
F. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theories mentioned below are the theories qualified for the study of this novel. There are three theories that are used to answer the questions stated in the problem formulation.
The theory of character and characterization is used to answer the first question. The theory will help the writer to find the deeper understanding of the character, which is the ‘flat’, ‘round’, major, secondary, and so forth.
While the theory of character and characterization becomes the base of this study, the theory of Emotional Intelligence and psychoanalysis will be the core and the crucial elements of this study. The theory of Emotional Intelligence and psychoanalysis are used to answer the second question. The theories will help us in observing the love problems and the true nature, the basic personality that exists in each character involved in this novel.
character and characterization at first, analyze the character and classify them based on the theory. By having this method, the process of analyzing this novel could be easier. The next step is to use the theory of psychoanalysis and Emotional Intelligence to analyze the main characters and their love problems from the beginning of the story to the end. This includes the process from which the character is introduced in the story, involved in a problem and tried to solve it. All of the process from the story will change the characters’ personality development.
Moreover, if they manage to solve the problems from their decision then the personality will develop into a better stage. The meaning of stage in this study is the level of quality in the character of the person himself or herself. This process of personality development creates the uniqueness that differentiates people from one person to another.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three subdivisions namely, the subject matter,
the approach and the procedure. The subject matter concerns with the primary
data of the study. The Approach contains the approach used to analyze the work.
The Procedure contains the steps taken in doing the analysis.
A. SUBJECT MATTER
The title of the book analyzed in this study is Jane Austen’s Pride and
Prejudice published by Collins in 1952 and it consists of 352 pages. Actually, this
novel was completed in August 1797 with the original title First Impression but
the publisher rejected it. After her achievement with Sense and Sensibility in
1811, she began to rewrite Pride and Prejudice, recognized as her greatest success;
it quickly reprinted at that time. Pride and Prejudice is her most popular novel
since 1813. This is the story of Elizabeth Bennet, a brave and intelligent woman
and Mr. Darcy, a very rich and proud man. The editor, Tony Tanner, Pride and
Prejudice, is a novel about how a man changes his manners and a woman changes
her mind.
B. APPROACH
Since this thesis deals with the alteration of emotion, I chose to employ the
Psychological Approach in analyzing the novel because the approach put the work
of literature as the fine art of introducing remarkable characters’ traits. This study will use the concept of emotional intelligence introduced by Daniel Goleman, in 1995. The psychological approach is important because without knowing the characters’ personality, it is impossible to understand the emotion that the characters express in the story. Therefore, to analyze the characters’ personality development in Pride and Prejudice, one must have a good understanding about the basic knowledge of id, ego and superego from the theory of psychoanalysis and emotion from the theory of Emotional Intelligence (EI).
A. PROCEDURE
search through books, documents, and articles in the Internet. Fifthly, this study examined the characteristics of the main characters to find id, ego and superego and the emotional intelligence in Pride and Prejudice. The study looked closely at the characters’ id, ego and superego and emotional intelligence, first, through the introduction of each character that implies the first impression of each character. Second,describes character through the eyes and opinion of others. Third,through what the person says in the novel. Fourth, through their conversation with others, it can give the reader clues to a person’s character and what others say about him or her. Fifth, the direct reaction that comes from each character to various situations and events. Sixth, the authors’ direct comment on the characters. Seventh, this study will go through the thought, because what a character feels and thinks reflects on his or her characters.
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first one is the description of
Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, the main characters of this novel. The
second one is about the changes due to the love problems in their personality
development.
A. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy
This part discusses about the description of Elizabeth Bennet and
Fitzwilliam Darcy in detail. To have the understanding of these main characters
the writer uses some techniques like personal description, characters as seen by
others, speech, conversation with others, reactions, direct comment, thoughts as
stated in Murphy (1972: 161-173).
1. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet
Although Elizabeth Bennet is not as beautiful as Jane, she had the
beautiful fine eyes that slowly amaze Darcy.
Mr. Darcy had at first scarcely allowed her to be pretty; he had looked at her without admiration at the ball; and when they next met, he looked at her only to criticize. But no sooner had he made it clear to himself and his friends that she had hardly a good feature in her face, then he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eyes. To this discovery succeeded some others equally mortifying ... (32)
The eyes really impress Darcy; he considered his act of observing Elizabeth Bennet’s eyes results in a very great pleasure.
“Your conjecture is totally wrong, I assure you. My mind was more agreeably engaged. I have been meditating on the very great pleasure which a pair of fine eyes in the face of a pretty woman can bestow.” (35-36)
Later on, he even thinks that it is hard to portray Elizabeth’s picture and do complete justice to those fine eyes.
“Oh! yes.---Do let the portraits of your uncle and aunt Phillips be placed in the gallery at Pemberley. Put them next to your great-uncle the judge. They are in the same profession, you know, only in different lines. As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to those beautiful eyes?”
“It would not be easy, indeed, to catch their expression, but their colour and shape, and the eyelashes, so remarkably fine, might be copied.” (58)
Elizabeth does not use her beauty to make people like her because she realizes that she is not beautiful at some level, instead she uses her wits and it comes from the eyes that symbolizes it and her attitude, light and pleasing is something else more than beauty could offer. All of the characteristics that Elizabeth has are pretty and charming; therefore, becoming the reason why Darcy falls in love with her.
manners were not those of the fashionable world he was caught by their easy playfulness. Of this she was perfectly unaware; --to her he was only the man who made himself agreeable no where, and who had not thought her handsome enough to dance with. (32)
Her father suggests Elizabeth, or usually called Lizzie by her family and Eliza by her neighbour, as the first choice to Bingley when he, at the very beginning of the novel, is coming to town. Even though she is not beautiful, compared to Jane and not good-humoured compared to Lydia according to Mrs. Bennet. Lizzie has something else, which is having a witty manner, similar to her father.
“You are over scrupulous surely … and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying which ever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.”
“I desire you will do no such thing … and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humoured as Lydia. But you are always givingherthe preference.”
“They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he; “they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.” (16)
Lizzie is considered to be independent and confident. When Jane is sick in Netherfield, the way she decides to walk three miles from Longbourn to Netherfield because she could not ride a horse and there are no carriages proves that she is very brave and confident in her ability.
herself at last within view of the house, with weary ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of exercise. (40-41)
We can also consider her act, as the nature of an independent woman, because she can do whatever she likes and believes that she is capable of doing it by herself. However, Miss Bingley sees this as an arrogance of independence.
“To walk three miles, or four miles, or five miles, or whatever it is, above her ankles in dirt, and alone, quite alone! What could she mean by it? It seems to me to show an abominable sort of conceited independence, a most country-town indifference to decorum.” (43)
Lizzie was shocked to hear her best friend, Charlotte Lucas, is married to Reverend Collins. “Engaged to Mr. Collins!/ my dear Charlotte,---impossible!” (123). She soon realizes that from the very beginning Charlotte had a different view on marriage to her. Charlotte seeks for financial security different from what Lizzie was searching for in marriage which is love.
“I see what you are feeling, “replied Charlotte, ---“you must be surprised, very much surprised, ---so lately as Mr. Collins was wishing to marry you. But when you have had time to think it all over, I hope you will be satisfied with what I have done. I am not romantic you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state.” (124)
because he could not offer genuine love and instead offer her marriage as a financial contract.
“… My situation in life, my connections with the family of de Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favour; and you should take it into further consideration that in spite of your manifold attractions, it is by no means certain that another offer of marriage may ever be made you. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable qualifications …”
“… I thank you again and again for the honour you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. My feelings in every respect forbid it. Can I speak plainer? Do not consider me now as an elegant female intending to plague you, but as a rational creature speaking the truth from her heart.” (109)
Moreover, it is true that Elizabeth considers love as the first priority but later on after seeing Charlotte’s view on marriage she begins to learn that financial security also plays a part in marriage. We can see that after she goes to Pemberly, and is amazed by the view of the place where Darcy lives also the housekeeper’s fine description of his manner. Later this will give Lizzie another point of view and understanding on what Darcy sees as a ‘realistic’ marriage.
She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. They were all of them warm in their admiration; and at that moment she felt, that to be mistress of Pemberly might be something! (223)
his wealth and position hurts her feelings and her pride. She comes to learn the existence of his pride through her own pride.
“His pride,” said Miss Lucas, “does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, every thing in his favour, should think highly of himself. If I may so express it, he has arightto be proud.”
“That is very true, “replied Elizabeth, “and I could easily forgive
hispride, if he had not mortifiedmine.” (29)
Her pride is in the way she judges people’s characters and puts high confidence on her ability especially when she judges from their first impression. However, soon she makes her biggest mistake when she judges Darcy’s personality that proves to be wrong. In the chapter where Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, she rejects the proposal and tells him all the prejudice that she has on Darcy. He is soon aware of her pride on prejudice that misjudges his and this makes him write a letter that becomes a turning point for both of them in the next chapter.
“… these offences might have been overlooked, had not your pride been hurt by my honest confession of the scruples that had long prevented my forming any serious design … They were natural and just …” (181)
relationship with Darcy, the way she sees Darcy in a negative way goes stronger than before.
“But what,” said she, after a pause, “can have been his motive?---what can have induced him to behave so cruelly?”
“A thorough, determined dislike of me---a dislike which I cannot but attribute in some measure to jealousy. Had the late Mr. Darcy liked me less, his son might have borne with me better; but his father’s uncommon attachment to me, irritated him I believe very early in life. He had not a temper to bear the sort of competition in which we stood---the sort of preference which was often given me.” (83)
The prejudice gets stronger when she talks to Colonel Fitzwilliam and finds out that Darcy is the reason why Bingley’s courtship with Jane ended.
“… that he congratulated himself on having lately saved a friend from the inconveniences of a most imprudent marriage, but without mentioning names or any other particulars, and I only suspected it to be Bingley from believing him the kind of young man to get into a scrape of that sort, and from knowing them to have been together the whole of last summer.”
“Did Mr. Darcy give you his reasons for this interference?”
“I understood that there were some very strong objections against the lady.” (174-175)
1. The Description of Fitzwilliam Darcy
“Come, Darcy,” said he, “I must have you dance. I hate to see you standing about by yourself in this stupid manner. You had much better dance.”
“I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner.”
“I would not be so fastidious as you are,” cried Bingley …
“Oh! she is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! But there is one of her sisters sitting down just behind you, who is very pretty, and I dare say, very agreeable …”
“Which do you mean?” and turning round he looked for a moment at Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said, “She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to temptme; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me.” (22)
Darcy’s taste of women is really of very high standard because he only expects accomplished women to be by his side. Even the word “accomplishments” for women according to him have a very long list that Lizzie seems to think it was very unrealistic thinking.
“Your list of the common extent of accomplishments,” said Darcy, “has too much truth. The word is applied to many a woman who deserves it no otherwise than by netting a purse or covering a screen. But I am very far from agreeing with you in your
estimation of ladies in general. I cannot boast of knowing more than half-a-dozen, in the whole range of my acquaintance, that are really accomplished.”
“Oh! certainly,” cried his faithful assistant, “no one can be really esteemed accomplished who does not greatly surpass what is usually met with. A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.”
Darcy instead of being proud, he is actually a good-natured person. We could find this character when Elizabeth and the Gardiners visit Pemberly and Mrs. Reynolds, Darcy’s housekeeper, tells them what kind of master he is.
“… If I were to go through the world, I could not meet with a better. But I have always observed, that they who are good-natured when children, are good-natured when they grow up; and he was always the sweetest-tempered, most generous-hearted, boy in the world.” (226-227)
Not only has he good taste of women, Darcy also has deep concern for knowledge, we could see that in the way he treats the books in his family library. He really appreciates knowledge and is concerned about it.
“I am astonished,” said Miss Bingley, “that my father should have left so small a collection of books. ---What a delightful library you have at Pemberly, Mr. Darcy!”
“It ought to be good,” he replied, “it has been the work of many generations.”
“And then you have added so much to it yourself, you are always buying books.”
“I cannot comprehend the neglect of a family library in such days as these.” (45)
Darcy could not hold his feelings towards Lizzie for he has honesty and real feelings for her. These personalities encourage him to propose to Lizzie immediately without any consideration.
His first appearance was the best description from all of the characters in the novel; both gentlemen and ladies at the ball give him the first impression at its best. However, it turns out to be different after Darcy gives another impression as to be proud of his social status.
Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike … but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year. The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend.
The story continues by having people at the ball change their mind on their first impression of him and start to hate him because of his attitude towards others at that time.
… He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and every body hoped that he would never come there again. Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs. Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour, was sharpened into particular resentment, by his having slighted one of her daughters. (21)
purposes. It is more to be based on Jane’s indifferent behaviour towards Bingley and the Bennet’s inferiority; he decides to discourage Bingley’s marriage with Jane. This is Darcy’s prejudice in the novel.
…But I shall not scruple to assert, that the serenity of your sister’s countenance and air was such, as might have given the most acute observer, a conviction that, however amiable her temper, her heart was not likely to be easily touched.---That I was desirous of believing her indifferent is certain,---but I will venture to say that my investigations and decisions are not usually influenced by my hopes or fears.---I did not believe her to be indifferent because I wished it;---I believed it on impartial conviction, as truly as I wished it in reason … The situation of your mother’s family, though objectionable, was nothing in comparison of that total want of propriety so frequently, so almost uniformly betrayed by herself, by your three younger sisters, and occasionally even by your father. (185)
B. The Changes Due to the Love Problems in Their Personality Development This part discusses about the changes due to the love problems in their personality development. To have the understanding of the changes in the main characters the writer uses the psychoanalysis theory from Sigmund Freud and the emotional intelligence theory from Daniel Goleman. By using the theories, we could find the changes of personality in the main characters with more significant results.
1. Daniel Goleman’s changes
from the state when Darcy is proud and Elizabeth is prejudiced to a state of realizing that it is wrong and willing to change to a better personality.
The key point that is crucial to the personality development of the main characters happens when Darcy tries to propose to Elizabeth. When Elizabeth rejects him for not behaving in a ‘gentleman-like manner’ (181; ch. 34) towards her, he begins to realize the vanity that comes from his pride.
How Darcy can control his emotion when he tries to propose to Lizzie although she refuses it harshly, shows us his strong Emotional Intelligence. How he could be aware of his emotion, in this case, anger, is his Emotional Self-Awareness. When he manages his emotion and chooses not to let the anger control him is his Emotional Self-Regulation. When he is aware of the mistakes that he has done, she is ashamed of his loves (224) and later tries to solve the problem, by writing a letter to explain it to Lizzie is his Emotional Self-Motivation. Those are the steps of the intrapersonal skills in Emotional Intelligence. He knows that he has to write a letter because he realizes that Elizabeth is still angry and prejudiced towards him. This is again showing us Darcy’s Emotional Intelligence that is his first interpersonal skill, Empathy. He could see this because he put himself in someone else’s shoes so he can understand her point of view towards the situation. The personality development happens after Darcy’s proposal. He realizes and admits his mistakes and tries to change his attitudes.
marriage with Wickham, and persuading Bingley to marry Jane. Besides, the whole process in his change of personality is affected by his love for Lizzie, ‘I thought only of you’ (331; ch. 58). This whole process of love leads him to the last basic emotional competency that is Nurturing Relationship.
While for Elizabeth, actually from the beginning of the story she already has the two basic emotional competencies. We could notice that from the way she keeps her emotion after overhearing Darcy’s slighting her at Meryton (22). This event is her Emotional Self-Awareness. Furthermore, her action, not to quickly get angry with Darcy after that event is her Emotional Self-Regulation.
The change in Elizabeth’s personality development occurs in the process of the novel as well as Darcy. It happens when Darcy gives her the letter that explains the reason for his action to Bingley and Wickham. She realizes that her prejudice of him is wrong and feels ashamed of her prejudice towards Darcy after she knows the truth (236).
Furthermore, Elizabeth tries to prove the change of her personality by removing all of her former prejudice to Darcy, she also feels guilty to hurt his pride and again this is the forth basic of emotional competencies, namely Empathy. She puts herself in Darcy’s condition and then acknowledges that feeling. After knowing how much Darcy loves her and his true personality that ‘he has no improper pride’ (341), she starts to love Darcy and accepts his second proposal. This is her Nurturing Relationship. How she set the positive tone of cooperation with Darcy, in this context to relationship based on love towards marriage. The results of this personality development in both Elizabeth and Darcy bring us to a very happy and agreeable ending.
2. How Their Love Problems Affected Their Personality Development This part will analyze the love of the main characters in the novel mainly, Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet. Moreover, through the analysis we will find the kind of love that they have towards each other.
concerning his high-social status. This is the beginning of communication in their relationship towards love.
Darcy, after knowing the reason, immediately explains through his writing to Lizzie and accepts her judgment of his fake love. This is what true love can bring, he starts to change his attitude especially his pride to prove his love to Lizzie. The way he proves his change can be seen in the way he treats the Gardiners, helps Lydia and Wickham’s marriage and helps Bingley’s relationship towards Jane. Moreover, at the end of the novel he explains that now he sees Lizzie not from her family’s inferiority, learns to respect her family and says that the changes happen because he thinks ‘only’ of her (331).
the world’ (226-227). She begins to learn that Darcy really changes his pride and starts to like him.
Lydia’s embarrassing elopement and marriage with Wickham makes Elizabeth uncertain with her chance with Darcy and she starts to realize that he completes her search of love.
She began now to comprehend that he was exactly the man, who, in disposition and talents, would most suit her. His understanding and temper, though unlike her own, would have answered all her wishes. It was an union that must have been to the advantage of both; by her ease and liveliness, his mind might have been softened, his manners improved, and from his judgment, information, and knowledge of the world, she must have received benefit of greater importance. (283)
This is the point where Elizabeth shows that she really loves Darcy because he completes her. After learning the meaning of true love and realistic marriage, throughout the process in this novel she gains her maturity of love. All these learning of love conclude Darcy to be the winner of her heart. This also tells us that Darcy in the beginning of the novel is actually a bad choice for a partner considering his pride. However, throughout the process of maturity in Darcy’s love, thanks to Elizabeth’s ‘tough advice’, he is willing to change his pride because of his love for Elizabeth. From this story, we can see how love could change them to be people with better personality.
marriage. Darcy appreciates her bravery to ‘teach’ him a lesson of how bad pride could be. While Lizzie appreciates Darcy for his explanation of how bad prejudice could be. Those two complete each other because they develop their personality together into a better one for love and this should be more than enough to make their way to marriage.
contracts as the only way to create happiness in the relationship. While the true love in this novel is the love that improves their personality. From that point, the writer concludes that the real object on love and marriage is not those three options mentioned above or the ‘id’. However, it is from the ‘ego’ or the self-development that a true relationship brings. It means that true love is not based on merely physical attraction, financial reason or even ‘flattering romance’, but it comes from their interaction that later creates self-development in order to maintain relationship and love.
Love eventually makes Elizabeth to change his pride and Darcy to change her prejudice. They accomplish to solve the problem that they face and gain maturity on love and relationship.
C. The Meaning of the Personality Changes of Darcy and Elizabeth
The change that happens to Darcy appears to be the one that gets the greatest attention in the novel. From the first opening line in the novel, we can tell that Jane Austen needs to bring her main purpose to our awareness that “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife” (1). It gives the reader a clue where the story goes, that Darcy, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
Darcy has both pride and prejudice but the one that Jane Austen stresses in this novel is his pride. The reason Jane Austen stresses his pride in the novel is because Darcy as a man often has a lot of things to be proud of. In this story his knowledge and wealth makes him to be proud. The writer thinks that a man has to be aware of his pride to really deserve a woman’s love. A man’s pride blocks his own way to find true love. Pride demands too much on love. It demands a perfect woman that seems to be an unrealistic expectation. Pride blinds a man to his true love because true love itself comes from a relationship between one person and another. It does not happen on a self-interest kind of love.
Elizabeth for her family inferiority. However he also learns that Elizabeth is a charming woman, her beautiful eyes symbolize that. Darcy’s love becomes a dilemma because she is a charming woman but he is afraid of embarrassing his pride. The difficult part of being proud people is when they are afraid of losing one. It proves to be correct from Darcy’s behaviour. Even when he proposes to Elizabeth, he still does not want to let go of his pride.
He spoke well, but there were feelings beside those of the heart to be detailed, and he was not more eloquent on the subject of
tenderness than of pride. His sense of her inferiority---of its being a degradation---of the family obstacles which judgment had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit. (178)
The way he states his love still proves him to be a proud man. Elizabeth is aware of this and soon rejects his proposal. Her rejection shocks Darcy and her reason of the rejection shocks him as well. Darcy is too stubborn to change his behaviour until he has a purpose to do so. Of course, there is a shock that comes from Elizabeth’s rejection. This makes him aware of his annoying ‘weakness’ and turns out to realize that his pride is not a right thing to do.
Elizabeth’s change of personality comes from her reaction towards Darcy’s change of personality. Jane Austen clearly stresses our awareness to see this when Elizabeth receives Darcy’s letter. However, we need to learn that Elizabeth’s prejudice is the personality that changes. Same with Darcy, Elizabeth also has pride. However, Jane Austen wants to maximize Elizabeth’s role as a prejudiced woman to complete Darcy’s role as a proud man in the story.
She is willing to change her personality because she is aware of the impact on the person that is being prejudiced. Moreover, it is against her true character to prejudice Darcy harshly without strong arguments and facts.
The change of personality happens and Jane Austen indirectly tells us that there is a relationship between the change and true love. If you improve your personality, the chance to get true love is near. In this case, pride and prejudice is the personality that has to be changed in order to find true love. Pride blinds Darcy and prejudice blinds Elizabeth to know Darcy’s true personality. People in love can make and maintain their relationship if they have self-development. Jane Austen wants the reader to know that self-development in a relationship is very important. Since without self-development, a lack of understanding in a relationship could be happen. Therefore, it is impossible to maintain this kind of relationship in marriage.
need. If he or she only looks for financial security, romance, or physical attraction then he or she would only get what he or she wants. It means that his or her love would only result in a short-term kind of love, an immature one. This is ‘id’ that operates on pleasure principles. While mature love provides understanding, a relationship that understands. The mature love is ‘ego’ that operates on reality principle. Therefore, it is not about ‘the appearances’ of love, it focuses more on the inside, the maturity of love. In addition, the writer concludes that the love, which comes from ‘id’, is not as good and long lasting as ‘ego’.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter consists of two parts. The first one is the conclusion of the
study. The second part deals with suggestion and recommendation.
A. Conclusion
After analyzing Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, I come to the
conclusion of this thesis.
First, Fitzwilliam Darcy is a proud and prejudiced person. However, he is
also an honest, accomplished, and good-natured man. Like Fitzwilliam Darcy,
Elizabeth Bennet is a prejudiced and proud person. Nevertheless, she is
considered to be a confident, independent, and high-principled woman with witty
manners.
Both of them experience the five steps of Goleman’s personality
development, namely, Emotional Self-Awareness, Emotional Self-Regulation,
Emotional Self-Motivation, Empathy and Nurturing Relationship. They learn that
their being proud and prejudiced can be wrong and hurt other people. As a result,
their personality is changed: generated by their feelings of love for each other.
Furthermore, their love journey to find maturity comes from different
stages of learning. Darcy realizes that he falls in love with Elizabeth Bennet when
they are at the Lucases’ party. However, he realizes that he has to change his
personality before deciding to marry her.
Unlike Darcy, Elizabeth has to learn the meaning of true love. She learns that all of her prejudice towards Darcy is wrong. Her love is getting stronger when she notices that Darcy’s personality has changed.
Second, in dealing with their love problems, it can be pointed out that love influences their personality. The changes help them gain love maturity. Their understanding the problem of their personality has united their love.
In short, the power of love has changed them into better individuals.
B. Suggestion and Recommendation
It is suggested that future researchers in literature analyze the novel by focusing on parent’s responsibilities towards their children. The reason for that suggestion comes from the way parents raise their children in this novel. The different ways of raising their children from one to another, results in different characters in each of the children. This is a very interesting topic to explore. Moreover, it could gain more useful insight for the readers on how to view life.
I suggest that future researchers in literature consider Jane Austen’s work because she puts timeless content on her novels. The story provides us with valuable advice on how love, relationship, marriage and many other values should be developed in real life not only in a certain period in time.
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A
Appendix 1
SUMMARY OF PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
Set in the English countryside in a county roughly thirty miles from
London, the novel opens with the Bennet family in Longbourn and their five
unmarried daughters. The family itself is not nearly as rich as those they interact
with and because they have no sons, the property is entailed to pass to a male heir,
in this case Mr. Collins. Mrs. Bennet is intent on seeing her daughters married off
to wealthy men and when Charles Bingley arrives at nearby Netherfield Park she
is excited by the prospect of introducing her daughters to him. She immediately
sends her husband to visit him on the first day he arrives.
When he next arrives, Bingley brings with him Mr. Darcy and his two
sisters, Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst. Bingley is immediately attracted to Jane
Bennet, the oldest of the five sisters. Darcy, unlike the social apt Bingley, is proud
and rude, immediately insulting Elizabeth Bennet when someone suggests he asks
her to dance, insulting her appearance. Later, at the next dance after witnessing
