EVALUASI GRADASI MATERIAL CRUSHED LIMESTONE WELL GRADED SAAT PRA KOMPAKSI DAN PASCA KOMPAKSI ABSTRAK

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ix Universitas Kristen Maranatha

EVALUASI GRADASI MATERIAL

CRUSHED LIMESTONE WELL GRADED

SAAT PRA KOMPAKSI DAN PASCA KOMPAKSI

ADITIA FAIZAL

NRP: 0921021

Pembimbing: Ir. Herianto Wibowo, M.Sc

ABSTRAK

Limestone atau batu gamping merupakan batuan dengan keragaman penggunaan yang sangat besar. Sebagian besar batu gamping dibuat menjadi batu pecah yang dapat digunakan sebagai material konstruksi seperti: landasan jalan dan kereta api serta agregat dalam beton. Evaluasi gradasi pra kompaksi dan pasca kompaksi dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kehancuran material setelah melalui proses kompaksi. Untuk mendapatkan gradasi ukuran butir material tersebut dilakukan uji sieve analysis di laboratorium terlebih dahulu.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi gradasi material crushed limestone bergradasi baik (well graded) saat pra kompaksi dan pasca kompaksi. Sebagai material yang dapat dipakai dalam timbunan pada perkerasan jalan, tentunya harus melalui proses sieve analysis atau analisis ukuran butir. Material yang digunakan untuk sampel uji adalah crushed limestone well graded yang berasal dari daerah Sukabumi, Jawa Barat dengan pendesainan material secara manual. Uji sieve analysis yang dilakukan menggunakan standar ASTM D 2487.

Hasil penelitian material crushed limestone well graded uji 1 pasca kompaksi dengan kadar air (w) w1 = 0,23% di bawah kadar air optimum w2 (wopt)

= 1,67%, nilai coefficient of uniformity (Cu) dan coefficient of gradation (Cc) turun

antara lain: Cu = 17,65 Cc = 1,59, dan Cu = 16,59 Cc = 1,44 dengan klasifikasi

gradasi tetap well graded, tidak ada perubahan gradasi dari pra kompaksi. Sedangkan w3 = 3,34%, w4 = 4,91% dan w5 = 6,23% di atas w2, nilai Cu dan Cc

tidak diketahui sehingga klasifikasi gradasi material dengan penambahan kadar air diatas w2 pasca kompaksi tidak dapat diklasifikasikan (unclassified). Nilai percent fines pra kompaksi terhadap pasca kompaksi mengalami kenaikan maksimum sebesar 19,132% dan minimum sebesar 8,256%. Untuk material crushed limestone well graded uji 2, kadar air w1 = 0,08% di bawah kadar air optimum w2 (wopt) = 1,73%, nilai Cu dan Cc naik antara lain: Cu = 11,74 dan Cu = 12,97

sedangkan nilai Cc turun antara lain: Cc = 1,45 dan Cc = 1,28 dengan klasifikasi

gradasi tetap well graded, tidak ada perubahan gradasi dari pra kompaksi. Sedangkan w3 = 3,27%, w4 = 5,22% dan w5 = 6,25% di atas w2, nilai Cu dan Cc

tidak dapat diketahui sehingga klasifikasi gradasi material dengan penambahan kadar air diatas w2 pasca kompaksi adalah unclassified. Nilai percent fines pra kompaksi terhadap pasca kompaksi mengalami kenaikan maksimum sebesar 13,198% dan minimum sebesar 6,016%.

Kata kunci: Limestone, Crushed Limestone, Well Graded, Sieve Analysis, Coefficient of Uniformity, Coefficient of Gradation, Percent Finer.

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x Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Evaluation the Gradation

of Well Graded Crushed Limestone Material

During Pre-Compaction and Post-Compaction

ADITIA FAIZAL NRP: 0921021

Supervisor: Ir. Herianto Wibowo, M.Sc

ABSTRACT

Limestone commonly known as limestone is a rock with a huge diversity of use. Most limestone made into crushed stone that can be used as a construction material such as: runway, road and rail as well as aggregate in concrete. Evaluation of pre and post compacting gradation is intended to determine the level of destruction of the material after the process of compacting. To get a gradation in grain size of the material tested in the laboratory sieve analysis beforehand.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gradation of crushed

limestone material well graded either during pre and post-compacting. As the

material that can be used in a pile on the sidewalk, of course, have to go through a sieve analysis or grain size analysis. The material used for the test sample is well graded crushed limestone that comes from Sukabumi, West Java, by designating the manual materials. To test sieve analysis is performed using the

standard are: ASTM D 2487.

The results of the study material is well graded crushed limestone 1 post-compaction test with a water content (w) w1 = 0.23% below the optimum moisture content w2 (wopt) = 1.67%, the value of the coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and the coefficient of gradation ( cc) down, among others: Cu = 17.65 cc = 1.59, and Cu = 16.59 cc = 1.44 with grading classification remains well graded, there is no change in gradation of pre-compaction. While w3 = 3.34%, w4 and w5 = 4.91% = 6.23% above w2, Cu and Cc values are unknown so the classification gradation material with moisture content above w2 addition of post-compaction is not classifiable (unclassified). PercentValue pre-compacting fines against post-compaction increased to a maximum of 19.132% and a minimum of 8.256%. For material well graded crushed limestone second test, the water content w1 = 0.08% below the optimum moisture content w2 (wopt) = 1.73%, Cu and Cc values rise, among others: Cu = 11.74 and Cu = 12, 97 while the value of Cc down among others: and Cc Cc = 1.45 = 1.28 with grading classification remains well graded, there is no change in gradation of pre-compaction. While w3 = 3.27%, w4 and w5 = 5.22% = 6.25% above w2, Cu and Cc values can not be known so that the classification gradation material with moisture content above w2 addition of post-compaction is unclassified. Percent Value fines pre-compaction of the post-compacting increased to a maximum of 13.198% and a minimum of 6,016%.

Keywords: Limestone, Crushed Limestone, Well Graded, Sieve Analysis,

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ...i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ... ii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN ... iii

PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN ...iv

SURAT KETERANGAN TUGAS AKHIR ... v

SURAT KETERANGAN SELESAI TUGAS AKHIR ...vi

KATA PENGANTAR ... vii

ABSTRAK ...ix

ABSTRACT ... x

DAFTAR ISI ...xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ...xiv

DAFTAR NOTASI ... xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...xvi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1Latar Belakang ... 1

1.2Tujuan Penelitian ... 2

1.3Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ... 2

1.4Sistematika Penulisan ... 2

BAB II STUDI LITERATUR 2.1Batu Gamping (Limestone) ... 4

2.2Partikel Tanah ... 5

2.3Berat Spesifik (Gs) ... 5

2.4Analisis Mekanis dari tanah ... 5

2.5Sieve Analysis ... 6

2.6Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir ... 8

2.7Klasifikasi Tanah ... 10

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1Diagram Alir Penelitian Tugas Akhir ... 14

3.2Material Limestone Cibadak Sukabumi, Jawa Barat ... 15

3.3Persiapan Sampel Material Limestone Gradasi Well Graded ... 16

3.4Langkah-langkah Pengujian Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Saat Pasca Kompaksi dengan Kadar Air Natural ... 24

BAB IV ANALISIS DATA 4.1 Indeks Properti ... 30

4.2 Desain campuran Sampel Uji Well Graded ... 30

4.3 Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca kompaksi ... 35

4.3.1 Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca kompaksi Uji 1 ... 36

4.3.1.1 Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,23% Uji 1 ... 36

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xii Universitas Kristen Maranatha 4.3.1.2 Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well

Graded Pasca kompaksi dengan w2 = 1,67% Uji 1 ... 38

4.3.1.4Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca kompaksi dengan w4 = 4,91% Uji 1 ... 42

4.3.1.6 Kurva Gabungan Distribusi Ukuran Butir dan Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1 ... 46

4.3.1.7 Hasil Evaluasi Kurva Kompaksi terhadap Cu dan Cc Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1 ... 49

4.3.2 Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca kompaksi Uji 2 ... 51

4.3.2.6 Kurva Gabungan Distribusi Ukuran Butir dan Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 2 ... 62

4.3.2.7 Hasil Evaluasi Kurva Kompaksi terhadap Cu dan Cc Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 2 ... 64

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1Simpulan ... 67

5.2Saran ... 68

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 69

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Crushed Limestone (Cibadak, Sukabumi) ... 5

Gambar 2.2 Satu Set Saringan ... 7

Gambar 2.3 Mesin Penggetar ... 7

Gambar 2.4 Macam-macam Tipe Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butiran ... 9

Gambar 2.5 Flow Chart for Classifying Coarse grained Soils ... 13

Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir ... 14

Gambar 3.2 Peledakan di Quarry ... 15

Gambar 3.3 Pengangkutan Limestone ... 16

Gambar 3.4 Tempat Pengumpulan Material Limestone ... 16

Gambar 3.5 Limestone dari Quarry (Cibadak, Sukabumi) ... 16

Gambar 3.6 Alat-alat Uji Sieve Analysis ... 24

Gambar 4.1 Contoh Material Limestone ... 30

Gambar 4.2 Saringan Ukuran 20mm x 20mm dan 12,5mm x 12,5mm ... 31

Gambar 4.3 Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir Well Graded ... 32

Gambar 4.4 Contoh Ukuran Butir ... 35

Gambar 4.5 Hasil Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,23% Uji 1 ... 37

Gambar 4.10 Hasil Kurva Gabungan Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1... 46

Gambar 4.11 Peraturan Nilai Percent Fines Untuk Klasifikasi Sand Berdasarkan ASTM D 2487 ... 47

Gambar 4.12 Peraturan Nilai Cu Untuk Klasifikasi Sand Berdasarkan ASTM D 2487 ... 48

Gambar 4.13 Peraturan Nilai Cc Untuk Klasifikasi Sand Berdasarkan ASTM D 2487 ... 48 Gambar 4.14 Evaluasi Kurva Kompaksi terhadap Cu dan Cc

(A) Kurva Kompaksi Material Crushed Limestone Well graded Uji 1

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(B) Kurva Cu Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1

(C) Kurva Cc Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra

Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1...50 Gambar 4.15 Hasil Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material

Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca

Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,08% Uji 2 ... 52 Gambar 4.16 Hasil Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material

Kompaksi dengan w2opt = 1,73% Uji 2 ... 54

Gambar 4.17 Hasil Kurva Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material

Kompaksi dengan w5 = 6,25% Uji 2 ... 60 Gambar 4.20 Hasil Kurva Gabungan Distribusi Ukuran Butir Material

Kompaksi Uji 2... 62 Gambar 4.21 Peraturan Nilai Percent Fines Untuk Klasifikasi Sand

Berdasarkan ASTM D 2487 ... 63 Gambar 4.22 Peraturan Nilai Cu Untuk Klasifikasi Sand Berdasarkan

ASTM D 2487 ... 63 Gambar 4.23 Peraturan Nilai Cc Untuk Klasifikasi Sand Berdasarkan

ASTM D 2487 ... 63 Gambar 4.24 Evaluasi Kurva Kompaksi terhadap Cu dan Cc

(A) Kurva Kompaksi Material Crushed Limestone Well graded Uji 2

(B) Kurva Cu Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 2

(C) Kurva Cc Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Ukuran-ukuran Ayakan Standar di Amerika Serikat ... 6

Tabel 2.2 Kelompok-kelompok Tanah Utama Sistem Klasifikasi Unified .... 11

Tabel 3.1 Langkah-langkah Persiapan Sampel Uji Well Graded ... 17

Tabel 3.2 Langkah-langkah Pencampuran Sampel Uji Menjadi Gradasi Well Graded ... 21

Tabel 3.3 Langkah-langkah Sieve Analysis Pasca Kompaksi ... 25

Tabel 4.1 Indeks Properti ... 30

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Crush Limestone ... 31

Tabel 4.3 Hasil Crush Limestone Lolos Saringan 12,5mm x 12,5mm ... 32

Tabel 4.4 Nilai Cu, Cc, D10, D30, dan D60 ... 33

Tabel 4.5 Perhitungan Berat Ukuran Butir untuk 1 Kurva Kompaksi ... 33

Tabel 4.8 Hasil Akhir Crush Limestone ... 35

Tabel 4.9 Hasil Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,23% Uji 1 ... 36

Tabel 4.10 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,23% Uji 1 ... 37

Tabel 4.16 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w4 = 4,91 % Uji 1 ... 43

Tabel 4.17 Hasil Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w5 = 6,23% Uji ... 44

Tabel 4.18 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w5 = 6,23 % Uji 1 ... 45

Tabel 4.19 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1 ... 47

Tabel 4.20 Nilai Percent Fines, D10, D30, D60, Cu, dan Cc Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 1 ... 47

Tabel 4.21 Hasil Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,08% Uji 2 ... 51 Tabel 4.22 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well

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Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w1 = 0,08% Uji 2 ... 52 Tabel 4.23 Hasil Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded

Pasca Kompaksi dengan w2 = 1,73% Uji 2 ... 53 Tabel 4.24 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well

Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w4 = 5,22 % Uji 2 ... 58 Tabel 4.29 Hasil Sieve Analysis Material Crushed Limestone Well Graded

Graded Pasca Kompaksi dengan w5 = 6,25 % Uji 2 ... 61 Tabel 4.31 Hasil Selisih Percent Finer Material Crushed Limestone Well

Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca Kompaksi Uji 2 ... 62 Tabel 4.32 Nilai Percent Fines, D10, D30, D60, Cu, dan Cc Material

Crushed Limestone Well Graded Pra Kompaksi dan Pasca

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DAFTAR NOTASI

Cu Koefisien keseragaman (coefficient of uniformity)

Cc Koefisien gradasi (coefficient of gradation)

D60 Diameter yang bersesuaian dengan 60% lolos ayakan yang ditentukan

dari kurva distribusi ukuran butiran

D30 Diameter yang bersesuaian dengan 30% lolos ayakan

D10 Diameter dalam kurva distribusi ukuran butiran yang bersesuaian

dengan 10% yang lebih halus (lolos ayakan) di definisikan sebagai ukuran efektif

Gs Berat jenis tanah (gr/cm3₎

P4R10 Material lolos saringan No. 4 tertahan di saringan No. 10

wopt Kadar air optimum (%)

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran I Hasil Uji Initial Water Content Well Graded ... 70

Lampiran II Hasil Uji Specific Gravity Well Graded ... 71

Lampiran III Hasil Uji Specific Sieve Analysis Well Graded ... 72

Lampiran IV Hasil Uji I Kompaksi Standard Proctor Well Graded ... 73

Lampiran V Hasil Uji II Kompaksi Standard Proctor Well Graded ... 74

Lampiran VI Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w1 = 0,23% ... 75

Lampiran VII Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w2opt = 1,67% .. 76

Lampiran VIII Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w3 = 3,34% ... 77

Lampiran IX Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w4 = 4,91% ... 78

Lampiran X Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w5 = 6,23% ... 79

Lampiran XI Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w1 = 0,08% ... 80

Lampiran XII Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w2opt = 1,73% .. 81

Lampiran XIII Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w3 = 3,27% ... 82

Lampiran XIV Hasil Uji Sieve Analysis Well Graded dengan w4 = 5,22% ... 83