vi
ABSTRACT
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis analyzes intrapersonal conflicts which are experienced by the main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and how she solves her intrapersonal conflicts. This novel tells about the struggle of a Chinese young girl who moves to America after her father’s death. She experinces conflicts with people around her and conflict within herself in her new place. The focus of this study is the analysis of conflicts within herself.
There are two research problems in this study: (1) What are the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation? (2) How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kowok’s Girl in Translation, solve the conflict? The aims of this study are to indentify intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her intrapersonal conflict. The writer uses psychological approach and theory of conflict to answer the two problems. The method of this study is library study. The primary source of this study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary sources are some books related to the analysis of the novel such as book on theories of psychology, Encylopedia of psychology, and journals.
There are two conclusions which are resulted from the analysis. The first conclusion is the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly Chang. They are the intrapersonal conflicts about telling the truth to her mother, moving into the new apartment or staying in the old apartment, accepting or refusing Luke’s challenge, studying the private school or the public school, keep using handmade underwear or buying the new one, questioning whether Matt likes Kimberly or not, staying in the exhausting life cycle or escaping, keep struggling for oral examination or giving up, and telling the truth about Kimberly’s baby or not. The second conclusion is how Kimberly Chang solves the conflicts. She uses mediation, integrative negotiation, “know who is involved”, and “determine the conflict source” to solve her intrapersonal conflicts.
vii
ABSTRAK
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.Yogyakarta: Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Pendidikan dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dalam novel Girl in Translation karangan Jean Kwok dan bagaimana pemeran utama memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Novel ini menceritakan tentang perjuangan seorang gadis muda keturunan China yang pindah ke Amerika setelah kematian ayahnya. Gadis ini mengalami berbagai konflik dengan orang-orang disekitarnya dan juga berbagai konflik dengan dirinya di tempat barunya. Poin utama penulisan ini adalah analisa konflik di dalam dirinya.
Ada dua masalah dalam penulisan ini: (1) Apa saja konflik-konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation? (2) Bagaimana tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya?. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mengidentifikasi konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation dan menemukan bagaimana Kimberly Chang memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologis dan teori konflik untuk menjawab dua masalah tersebut. Metode penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka. Sumber utama dari penulisan ini adalah novel Girl in Translation dan sumber-sumber pendukung adalah buku-buku mengenai berbagai teori psikologi, ensiklopedia psikologi, dan berbagai jurnal.
Ada dua kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisa. Kesimpulan pertama adalah sembilan konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh Kimberly Chang. Konflik- konflik itu adalah konflik tentang mengatakan kebenaran atau berbohong kepada ibunya, pindah ke apartemen baru atau tinggal di apartemen lama, menerima atau menolak tantangan Luke, belajar di sekolah swasta atau sekolah negeri, tetap memakai baju dalam buatan tangan atau membeli yang baru, keraguan apakah Matt menyukai Kimberly atau tidak, tinggal di siklus hidup yang melelahkan atau melarikan diri, tetap berjuang untuk ujian lisan atau menyerah, dan mempertahankan bayinya atau melakukan aborsi. Kesimpulan kedua adalah cara-cara yang digunakan Kimberly untuk memecahkan konflik-konflik intrapersonalnya. Ia menggunakan mediasi, negosiasi integratif, “tahu siapa yang terlibat”, dan “menentukan sumber konflik” untuk memecahkan sembilan konflik intrapersonalnya.
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By Nieza Ayurisma Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
i
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By Nieza Ayurisma Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
vi
ABSTRACT
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis analyzes intrapersonal conflicts which are experienced by the main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and how she solves her intrapersonal conflicts. This novel tells about the struggle of a Chinese young girl who moves to America after her father’s death. She experinces conflicts with people around her and conflict within herself in her new place. The focus of this study is the analysis of conflicts within herself.
There are two research problems in this study: (1) What are the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation? (2) How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kowok’s Girl in Translation, solve the conflict? The aims of this study are to indentify intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her intrapersonal conflict. The writer uses psychological approach and theory of conflict to answer the two problems. The method of this study is library study. The primary source of this study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary sources are some books related to the analysis of the novel such as book on theories of psychology, Encylopedia of psychology, and journals.
There are two conclusions which are resulted from the analysis. The first conclusion is the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly Chang. They are the intrapersonal conflicts about telling the truth to her mother, moving into the new apartment or staying in the old apartment, accepting or refusing Luke’s challenge, studying the private school or the public school, keep using handmade underwear or buying the new one, questioning whether Matt likes Kimberly or not, staying in the exhausting life cycle or escaping, keep struggling for oral examination or giving up, and telling the truth about Kimberly’s baby or not. The second conclusion is how Kimberly Chang solves the conflicts. She uses mediation, integrative negotiation, “know who is involved”, and “determine the conflict source” to solve her intrapersonal conflicts.
vii
ABSTRAK
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.Yogyakarta: Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Pendidikan dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dalam novel Girl in Translation karangan Jean Kwok dan bagaimana pemeran utama memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Novel ini menceritakan tentang perjuangan seorang gadis muda keturunan China yang pindah ke Amerika setelah kematian ayahnya. Gadis ini mengalami berbagai konflik dengan orang-orang disekitarnya dan juga berbagai konflik dengan dirinya di tempat barunya. Poin utama penulisan ini adalah analisa konflik di dalam dirinya.
Ada dua masalah dalam penulisan ini: (1) Apa saja konflik-konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation? (2) Bagaimana tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya?. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mengidentifikasi konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation dan menemukan bagaimana Kimberly Chang memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologis dan teori konflik untuk menjawab dua masalah tersebut. Metode penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka. Sumber utama dari penulisan ini adalah novel Girl in Translation dan sumber-sumber pendukung adalah buku-buku mengenai berbagai teori psikologi, ensiklopedia psikologi, dan berbagai jurnal.
Ada dua kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisa. Kesimpulan pertama adalah sembilan konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh Kimberly Chang. Konflik- konflik itu adalah konflik tentang mengatakan kebenaran atau berbohong kepada ibunya, pindah ke apartemen baru atau tinggal di apartemen lama, menerima atau menolak tantangan Luke, belajar di sekolah swasta atau sekolah negeri, tetap memakai baju dalam buatan tangan atau membeli yang baru, keraguan apakah Matt menyukai Kimberly atau tidak, tinggal di siklus hidup yang melelahkan atau melarikan diri, tetap berjuang untuk ujian lisan atau menyerah, dan mempertahankan bayinya atau melakukan aborsi. Kesimpulan kedua adalah cara-cara yang digunakan Kimberly untuk memecahkan konflik-konflik intrapersonalnya. Ia menggunakan mediasi, negosiasi integratif, “tahu siapa yang terlibat”, dan “menentukan sumber konflik” untuk memecahkan sembilan konflik intrapersonalnya.
viii
DEDICATION PAGE
I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me .
( Philippians 4: 13)
For with God nothing shall be impossible . Luke 1:37
I dedicate this thesis to Jesus Christ, my
wonderful Dad, my beautiful Mother, my
lovely brothers, my beloved man, and all my
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to give my greatest gratitude to My Almighty God and my bestfriend, Jesus Christ, who blesses me with His grace, loves me endlessly and gives me the strenght to finish my thesis.
I also would like to thank my great thesis advisor, Henny Herawati, S. Pd., M. Hum., for giving me a lot of advises and suggestions patiently. I really appreaciate her because she has given her time and energy to read and check my thesis. A big gratitude to my proofreader, Sr. Margareth O Donohue FCJ, who is willing to read, check, and correct my thesis.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my precious and beloved parents, Dr. Emanuel Widayat Tri Nugroho and Anastasia Titik Wuryanti, S.Pd., for their wonderful prayer, love and supports. For my beloved brothers,
Reynalda, Reynaldo, and Reynaldi. I would like to thank them for cheering me up and loving me. I give my thank to Mbah Kakung and Mbah Putri for their prayer, love and supports. My special thank goes to my boyfriend, Ernest Ichsani Bina Mulyo, S. Kom., who always prays, loves, and supports me.
I also would like to thank my wonderful friends, Iin Ristyaningrum, Valentina Puri Ratnasari, Candra Sekar, Levyn Gracia Hanardi, Ludmila
Martha, Elizabeth, Irine Puji, Arinto Budi Adi, Dimas Andika, Yohanes
x
me. My sincerest gratitude goes to my spritual mother, Nur Agung, and my spritual friends, Hana, Fosa, Esther, Tita, and Susi for giving me prayers, strength, and advice. I love them.
My best thanks go to all Sanata Dharma’s lecturers and staffs for the facilitaties, information, knowledge, and guidance. Finally, I would like to thank all the people who help and support me to finish my thesis. God bless them all!
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE... i
APPROVAL PAGES... ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY... iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI... v
ABSTRACT... vi
ABSTRAK... vii
DEDICATION PAGE... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES... xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1
B. Problem Formulation... 3
C. Objectives of the Study... 4
D. Benefits of the Study... 4
E. Definition of Terms... 5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Review of Related Theories... 6
1. Psychological Approach... 6
xii
a. Definition……… 7
b. Types of Conflicts... 8
c. Intrapersonal Conflict... 9
d. Conflict Resolution………... 10
B. Theoretical Framework ... 14
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study... 15
B. Approach of the Study... 16
C. Method of the Study... 17
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts... 18
1. Telling the Truth or Lying to Her Mother... 18
2. Moving into the New Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment... 21
3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s Challenge... 23
xiii
5. Keep Using Handmade Underwear or Buying
the New One... 28 6. Questioning Whether Matt Likes Her or Not... 30 7. Staying in the Exhausting Life Cycle
or Escaping... ……… 32 8. Keeping Struggling for Oral Examination
or Giving Up... … 34
9. Keeping Her Baby
or Having an Abortion ... 37
B. Conflict Resolution... 39
1. Conflict Resolution of Telling the Truth
or Lying to Her Mother... 39 2. Conflict Resolution of Moving into the New
Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment... 41 3. Conflict Resolution of Accepting or Refusing
Luke’s Challenge... 42
4. Conflict Resolution of the Private School or
the Public School... 43 5. Conflict Resolution of Keep Using Handmade
Underwear or Buying the New …... 45 6. Conflict Resolution of Questioning Whether
xiv
7. Conflict Resolution of Staying in the Exhausting
Life Cycle or Escaping... 47
8. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Struggling for Oral Examination or Giving Up... 48
9. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Her Baby or Having an Abortion... 49
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions... … 53
B. Implication... … 58
C. Suggestions…... 60
xv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX 1 Summary... 63
APPENDIX 2 Biography of Jean Kwok... 65
APPENDIX 3 Jean Kwok’s Honors and Awards... 68
APPENDIX 4 Lesson Plan……… 70
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains five sections. They are background of the study, problem formulation, objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition of terms. Background of the study is about the explanation of the topic and the reason for choosing the topic. Problem formulation presents the problems in a form of questions. The third section, objectives of the study is the statement of problem formulation. While in the fourth section, benefits of the study, identifies the contribution of the study for the writer, the reader, and the future reseachers. In definition of terms the writer provides the definition of key terms used in this study.
A. Background of the Study
Novel is one of the literary works which is categorized as fiction. There are different types of novel such as romance, mysteries, adventures, historical, and many more. Each type has different characteristics, for example, the story in a romance novel is different from the story in a mystery novel. However, there are some novels which contain more than one type of the story. The author of mystery novel, for instance, may also include romance in his or her story.
The story in the novel can represent someone’s feeling, idea, opinion,
One of the novels that ilustrates the conflict is Girl in Translation by Jean Kwok.
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for power,
the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the
explanation concern on the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the situations that result in a conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result perceptions of disagreement (Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2).
This novel contains many conflicts that are experienced by the main character, Kimberly Chang. The main character encounters many problems in her life and unfortunately she has to face the problems that she has never faced before. Her problems are interesting to be analyzed because those problems arise from the conflicts within Kimberly Chang herself and the conflicts with the people around her. Yet, the writer focuses the study on the conflict within Kimberly Chang herself. The conflict within Kimberly Chang herself is also known as intrapersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper (1979) note that there are several theories explaining about intrapersonal conflict. For example, cognitive dissonance theory and attribution theory. In dissonance theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict which is experienced by a person when deciding two or more possible choices. While attribution theory explains that intrapersonal conflict happens when someone’s attitute is different from what other people want.
However, after her father’s death, she and her mother move to America. They live with their relative whose name is Aunt Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of
Kimberly’s mother. Kimberly hopes she and her mother will have a better life in
their new place but the reality is different from her hope. Kimberly and her mother live in a small apartment. She has to work hard after school to sustain her
family’s life and she has to take care of her mother alone without her father beside
her. She also has a baby before she gets married. Those situations cause many
conflicts in Kimberly’s life.
Moving to America and facing many new problems are difficult for the young girl like Kimberly. She has to be strong and tough so that she can survive in her new place. It is also not easy to work and study in America. Those facts create conflicts within herself and the people around her. However, in this study the writer will analyze the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by Kimberly. The writer also will analyze how she deals with her conflicts. The writer chooses to
analyze Kimberly’s intrapersonal conflict because the way she thinks and
responds to the problems and the ways she solves her problems influence her relationship with people around her.
B. Problem Formulation
The following are two problems in this study:
1. What are the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang in
2. How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation, solve the conflicts?
C. Objectives of the Study
There are two aims of this study. The first aim is to identify the intrapersonal
conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. The second aim is to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her intrapersonal conflicts.
D. Benefits of the Study
E. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on certain terms in this study, the writer defines the terms of conflict and intrapersonal conflicts.
1. Conflict
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for
power, the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). In this study, Kimberly Chang also encounters the conflict of searching for power because she does not have much power in her life. She experiences the conflict of making the best decision for her future and the conflict of managing her own characteristics. Besides, her conflicts come from unresolved problems in her past interactions.
2. Intrapersonal conflict
6
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains two sections. The first section is review of related theories. This section describes some relevant theories in the study. The second section is theoretical framework. In theoretical framework, the writer describes briefly all important relevant theories to conduct the study and solve the research problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
1. Psychological Approach
Critical approach is an approach used in analyzing literary works. There are some kinds of critical approach such as formalist, psychological, biographical socio-cultural, and mythopoeic approaches. Critical approach is used as a basic understanding in analyzing literary work. Therefore, the writer uses one of the critical approaches which is psychological approach. In this study the writer uses this approach as the basic understanding in analyzing further intrapersonal conflict of the main character which is the focus of this study.
explanation of the psychological approach is explained by Paris (1994). He notes that psychological approach ”gives us formulations about human behavior, whereas literature gives us truth to experience” (p. 6). He also adds that because it is not abstract, dramatic standard, literature makes possible to us not only to watch people carefully other than ourselves but also to go into their mind universe, to find out for the first time what it feels like to be these people and to make their life situations difficult (p. 6).
2. Theory of Conflict
a. Definition
The concern of this study is the intrapersonal conflict of the main character. The writer provides some definitions of the conflict from encyclopedia and experts. The definitions of the conflict help the writer to understand better what conflict is. In Encylopedia of Psychology, the defintion of the conflict is:
Conflict refers to preferences for incompatible actions in a given situation. It may exist at the level of the individual, when a person is torn between different decision options such as entering law school versus taking job. It also can occur among individuals when two or more parties in a social relationship have incompatible preferences for action, as when one spouse wants to see an adventure movie and the other, an art movie ( Corsini, 2000, p. 295).
Conflict can happen within an individual itself and between two individuals. The explanation of above refers to the conflict which happens within the individual itself. Another definition of conflict is from Isenhart and Spangle (2000). They state that a conflict “involves a struggle for power, the way
past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the explanation concern on
the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the situations that result in a conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result perceptions of disagreement
(Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2). While Baron and Byrne (1997) define conflict as “actions taken by individuals to block or interfere with others’ interests,
because of perceptions of incompatible interests and the belief that others may be interfering with perceiver’s interests” (p. 606). Conflict happens when the
indivual’s way of thinking is different from others’ way of thingking.
b. Types of Conflicts
There are two main types of conflicts. They are intrapersonal conflict and interpersonal conflict. In their book, Worchel and Cooper (1979) state that there are several theories defining intrapersonal conflict. For instance, cognitive dissonance theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict which is experienced by a person when deciding two or more possible choices. Another theory is attribution theory. It explains that intrapersonal conflict happens when someone’s attitute is different from what other people want.
The second type of conflict is interpersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper ( 1979 ) define that “ interpersonal conflict can involve competition between two or
c. Intrapersonal Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be categorized into four types. Here are the four categorizations of intrapersonal conflict described by Worchel & Chooper (1979, p. 461):
1. Approach-approach
This type of intrapersonal conflict will occur when a person has a desire to approach two goals but she/ he only can get one of them. The example of approach-approach is about the well known donkey. Two same large piles of hay that have been tied tightly together interested him. However, the donkey cannot choose both of them ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
2. Avoidance-avoidance
It is called avoidance-avoidance when the person has to face the situation in which she/ he has to make a decision between two unpleasant goals. Worchel and Cooper give the example of the inmates at Attica and the hostages. The inmates ask the prisoner if they would like to die by being knifed or being clubbed. That bid will create the conflict in the hostage because they face two unpleasant things ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
3. Approach-avoidance
but she also does not want to take it because of her previous learning ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
4. Double approach- avoidance
There are two kinds of double-avoidance conflict. There are two goals in the first kind. Both of the purposes have bad and good features. There are also two goals in the second kind but every goal has two bad and two good features. The example of double approach-avoidance is about the choice that Oswald has to make. He has to choose whether taking Attica by force or by negotiation with the inmates ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
d. Conflict Resolution
When Kimberly Chang encounters some conflicts in her life, she attempts to solve them. Hence, it is necessary to know several kinds of resolving conflicts especially the conflicts of the main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. Conflict resolution is a general description indicating to a limit of solving disagreement types which may be showed clearly at different degree of society ( Sanson & Bretherton, 2007, p.1). There are five approaches to coping with conflict according to Isenhart and Spagle (2000). They are negotiation, meditation, facilitation, arbitration, and judicial processes.
desired result is to make as great as possible the importance between two individuals. At the same time integrative negotiation also keeps the connection. Whereas distributive negotiation is different from integrative negotiation. Distributive negotiation is also known as bargaining. A bargainer tries to obtain the desired result at the cost of other people, take part in games to obtain a benefit in the series of steps taken toward achieving the goal, and force through a very firm and forceful request (p. 45).
The second way is mediation. Mediation needs a third person or mediator involved in resolving the conflict. The third person has to be an unbiased person. She/he does not state one’s position forcefully in the result. The third party does
not have authority to force a judgement after considering something to be accepted. However, he or she has to help the “disputants” make a decision by not
involving in conflict discussion series of action that the desired result is to solve the argument ( p.72).
objectively so that they can find the solution. The last is the parties have an opportunity to assume greater responsibilty. Greater responsibility is given to find the solution of differences. It means that the parties are free to make the best decision to their problem. Another task of mediator is to be a motivator. It means that mediator should motivate the parties to keep a good relationship.
While the third way is called facilitation. Similiar to mediation, facilitation also requires the individual to be an unbiased person. A facilitator helps people by some clearly and definitely systematic steps in order to achieve the result succesfully (p. 107). Mediation and facilitation use dialogue to solve the conflict. The fourth is arbitration. In this way of coping with conflict, people who experience conflict need the third person or the arbitrator. The task of the arbitrator is to listen the subjects of conflict and make the decision for them (p. 130).
The last way is judicial processes. Isenhart and Spagle (2000) explain judicial processes in five categories. They are fact finding, early neutral evaluation, dispute review board, mini trial, and summary jury trial. Fact finding provide a third person from the court to examine a conflict carefully. Early neutral evaluation is used for handling personal injury or employment discrimination. Dispute review board is used for handling large infrastructure planned works with high bad possibility and responsibility contract. Mini trial allows the parties in “a
last is summary jury trial. It involves some nonbinding steps in resolving the conflict.
Another conflict resolution is from Decenzo and Silhanek (2002). They propose some conflict resolutions that they call as “Conflict-handling skills”.
There are four conflicts-handling skills. The first one is pick your battles. It means that when we encounter a difficult conflict, the most suitable response is to do nothing. Do nothing perhaps sounds that we attempt to escape from the conflict but actually it is really effective when the situation becomes not possible to manage (p. 288-289). The second conflict resolution is know who is involved. This way is different from the first one because this way is for those who want to face the conflict rather than to escape it. It is essential for us to know the “key
players”. The examples of key players are the person who is taken part in the
conflict, the interest of every group, the importance, the character, the emotion, and the valuable possession or the quality of every person (p. 289).
Next is determine the conflict source. It means that conflict happens with reasons. So that we have to look for the reasons beyond the conflict. There are various causes of conflict but commonly the cause is from the communication differences or personal differences. Communication differences are disputes emerging from difficult semantic, misconceptions, or unpleasant sound in the communication channel. While personal differences are the conflict from individual unusual habits and beliefs (p. 290).
and compromising, collaborating. Avoiding is eluding from the conflict when it becomes high tense. Second way is accommodating. It talks about keeping relationships by placing one’s needs more than our needs. Third way is forcing. Forcing is placing one’s needs more than group’s needs. the fourth way is
compromising. It needs two or more people who back down to achieve a shared goal. The last is collaborating. It searches group advantages. Collaborating is win-win solution (p. 290-291).
B. Theoretical framework
15
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains three sections. The first section is object of the study. Object of the study discusses about the physical description of the literary work studied. The second section is approach of the study. It explains about the description of the approach and the reason for chosing the topic. The last is method of the study. This section contains the description of the steps of work analysis.
A. Object of the Study
Girl in Translation was written by Jean Kwok. It was first published in
New York by Riverhead Book in 2010. Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation is
catogorized as the New York Times best seller. It also has been published in 15 countries and got many awards such as the winner of an American Library Association Alex Award, a John Gardner Fiction Book Award finalist, a Barnes and Noble Discover Great New Writers Pick, an Orange New Writers title, an Indie Next Pick, a Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award nominee and the winner of Best Cultural Book in Book Bloggers Appreciation Week 2010.
Kimberly’s father has died. At first they have a hope that they will get a better life
in America. However, the realities are not the same as their hopes. They have to live in a dirty and cold apartment, They have to work in Kimberly’s uncle factory with low salary, Kimberly has to adapt to her new school which is very different
from her old school, and so forth. The death of Kimberly’s father and the
situations in her new place bring a big influence in Kimberly life. The intrapersonal conflict begins to appear in her life. She becomes an ambigious and introvert girl. In another side she also has a dramatic love story. In the end of this story she gets almost all her dreams except her love.
B. Approach of the Study
C. Method of the Study
Library study was used as the method in this study. The writer gathered data by reading some books related to the analysis of the novel. The primary source of the study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary sources are some books related to the analysis of the novel such as books of psychology theories, encyclopedia of psychology, and journals.
There were some steps taken to do the analysis of the novel. The first step was reading the novel Girl in Translation. Then, the writer finds the topic of the analysis and formulate the problems from the novel. The topic of this study was an analysis of intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character as revealed
in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. There were two problems formulated. The
first was what the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character of Jean
Kwok’s Girl in Translation are and how she solves the conflicts. The third step
18 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter the writer attempts to answer the problem formulation. The writer divides the answers into two sections. The first section is about the analysis of the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by the main character, Kimberly Chang in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. In the second section the writer analyzes
some ways used by Kimberly Chang to solve her conflicts.
A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts
Kimberly Chang encounters many conflicts in this novel. She faces conflict in herself and conflict with other people around her. However, the focus of this study is about the conflict in Kimberly herself. Therefore, in this section the writer analyzes the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. There are nine intrapersonal conflicts which are analyzed in the first section.
1. Telling the Truth or Lying to Her Mother
Kimberly is born in Hongkong and she has spent her childhood there. However, because of her father‟s death, she and her mother have to move to
assignments in English and she also has to be able to speak English. At first, it was very difficult for her to understand English. Many times she makes mistakes when she speaks in English. She also finds difficulties in understanding her teacher‟s instruction. Kimberly‟s weakness in English sometimes creates
misconception for her teacher. One day her teacher thinks that Kimberly wants to cheat so that he gives her zero grade. That grade creates intrapersonal conflict for her. She is afraid of her mother because she thinks that her mother will be sad if she knows about it. Therefore, the writer will discuss what intrapersonal conflict Kimberly faces when she gets zero score.
Everything seems different from her old school in Hong Kong. Kimberly often feels confused by the assignments from her teacher. One day Kimberly gets the assignment from her teacher, Mr. Bogart. That is about drawing a map. While other students start writing their assignment, Kimberly does not know what to do with the assignment. After lunch, Mr. Bogart gives out his students sheets of paper with a drawing of a map. He calls the assignment a pop quick assignment. Mr. Bogart asks his student to fill in all the capital cities. After Mr. Bogart gives the order, all the students begin to do the assigment. However, Kimberly does not get the order. Mr. Bogart‟s order becomes “Fill in alide captal see T‟s” in her
ears (p. 10).
Hence, she tries to get the information about the assignment. However, when she looks at her friend‟s sheet, her teacher comes toward her and gets angry
truth. Yet, when Kimberly begins to apologize to Mr. Bogart, he becomes more angry because she makes grammatical mistake in her apologizing sentence.
I looked at my piece of paper and then, in desperation, glanced at the white girl‟s sheet to try to see what we were supposed to do. Suddenly, the sheet of paper slid out from under my fingers. Mr. Bogart was standing next to me with my test in his hands. “No cheap pen!” he said. His nose and cheeks were flushed as if he were getting a rash. “ You a hero!‟‟ “I sorry, sir—” I began. I knew he wasn‟t calling me a hero like a Superman. What had he said? Although I‟d had basic English classes in school in Hong Kong, my old teacher‟s accent did not in any way resemble what I now heard in Brooklyn. “ „ I‟mmm,‟ “ he said, pressing his lip together. “ „ I‟m sorry‟.‟‟ s “I‟m sorry,” I said. My English mistakes clearly annoyed him, although I wasn‟t sure why (p. 10).
Because of that missunderstanding, Mr. Bogart gives her zero grade for her assignment. It makes Kimberly becomes very sad because she has never got zero before. In Hongkong Kimberly is always number one in her class and she always gets the best score. Thus, she does not know how she will tell her mother about it.
Ma was waiting for me outside. I was so happy to see her that when I took her hand, my eyes became hot. “What is it?” she said, turning my face to her. “Did other children tease you?” “No.” I wiped my cheecks with the back of my hand. “it‟s nothing.” Ma looked at me intently. “Did some child hit you?” “No, Ma,” I said. I didn‟t want to worry her when there was so little she could do. “Everything is different here, that‟s all.” (p. 10 -11)
she tells her mother about her grade, her mother will be sad and disappointed. Kimberly really does not want to make her mother sad and disappointed because Kimberly is the only hope for her mother after her father‟s death. The second circumstance is if she does not tell her mother she does wrong because she lies to her mother and one lie can lead to another lie.
2. Moving into the New Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment
The second intrapersonal conflict is about the conflict experienced by Kimberly in deciding whether she will move into the new apartment or stay in her old apartment. Kimberly and her mother live in a small and cold apartment chosen by Aunt Paula. One day their neighbor says to them that the building in the block and accross the street will be broken down by the goverment. Kimberly feels very shocked after she heard about that. She begins to ask why Aunt Paula does not tell them about the goverment‟s plan and she also becomes confused whether she will
move into another apartment or stay there.
As soon as Kimberly and her mother arrive in America they stay with Kimberly aunt. Her name is Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of Kimberly‟s
mother. Aunt Paula is the one who brings them to America. She also looks for Kimberly‟s first school and apartment. However, one day Mr. Al, Kimberly‟s
“What‟s wrong?” Ma asked me now. She hadn‟t understood any of this. Mr. Al looked concerned. “Don‟t you know?” Sweetheart, everybody‟s gradually moving out of here. This whole area‟s boomed. “What” I sounded as confused as I felt. “Ended. No hope left. The goverment‟s going to build the huge compicks here. All the buildings on this block and across the street are going to be broken down.” (p. 31)
Kimberly and her mother are very surprised when they know about it. Kimberly does not understand why her aunt does not tell them about the goverment‟s plan while actually she knows about it. Kimberly keeps thinking why
Aunt Paula does not want them to know that the building will be broken down. In another part of her mind she also thinks what should she and her mother do if their apartment is broken down. Kimberly is thinking all the bad possibilities about why Aunt Paula let them live in that apartment. The apartment is in a bad shape and it is not a good apartment to live (p. 33).
3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s Challenge
The third intrapersonal conflict happens when Kimberly is challenged by Luke to fight with him. Luke is one of Kimberly‟s friends in the school. He always bullies his friends in the school including Kimberly. One day at the cafetaria Luke tries to distrub her. However, Kimberly can escape and intentionally she does kungfu style. Looking at Kimberly‟s kungfu style, Luke becomes very interesting and he dares Kimberly to fight him.
Fighting with Luke is a serious matter for her. Luke is a boy and he also has a big body whereas Kimberly is a small girl. She also has never fought before. She gets very confused how she will react to Luke. Further discussions of the third intrapersonal conflict are in the following paragraphs.
In Kimberly‟s school there is a naughty kid whose name is Luke. He is
taller than other kids in the school. Even Kimberly describes his nostrils like a bull‟s. Luke‟s hobby is bullying his friends in the school.
At the end of February, the class bully started staring at me in class. His name was Luke and he‟d been left back a few times so he was a head taller than the rest of us. He had a barrel of a chest covered loosely by the same stained gray top that he wore every day. His nostrils were red like a bull‟s, and even Mr. Bogart seemed to have given up on him, leaving him alone most of the time. I saw him shove the other kids around (p. 34).
Luke not only distrubs the boys but also the girls. Kimberly is also one of Luke‟s targets of bullying. Luke always looks at her with bully eyes. One day
Through all of March and into April, I continued to feel the bully Luke‟s eyes on me but I pretended I didn‟t notice anything. He had started grabbing girls by their hair and kissing them whenever Mr. Bogart wasn‟t looking. Finally, one lunch period I was crossing the cafetaria, holding my tray, and I passed the table where he was sitting with some other boys. He stuck out his foot. I stepped over it and kept going (p. 35).
Unconciously Kimberly avoids Luke with her kung fu style. Looking at how Kimberly reacts to Luke, one of Luke‟s friends asks her if she can do kung
fu. Although Kimberly has said “No”, his friends keep saying that she can. It
interests Luke so much and he challenges Kimberly to have fight with him after school.
“Hey, Chinese girl.” I didn‟t look around. I had just set my tray down at my...spot across the table from Annete when I felt his hand on my shoulder. On reflex, I lowered my shoulder and turned at the same time, so that his hand fell off. “Wow, that‟s kung fu,” one of Luke‟s friends said. “You know karate?” Luke asked, with real interest. “No,” I said. That was the truth. “She does,” his skinny friend said. “I want to try out your moves. Let‟s fight after school.” He said this as if he were inviting me to play at his house (p. 35).
Kimberly gets frightened when Luke asks her to fight with him. She sits down and her hands are trembling. Annette, her best friend, is also very shocked. She thinks that Kimberly is crazy if she accepts Luke‟s challenge. She advices Kimberly to tell Mr. Bogart. Annette will also help her by telling her problem to Annette‟s housekeeper so that her housekeeper can help Kimberly. However,
Kimberly thinks that Annette‟s housekeeper looks so dry and serious so that it is impossible to trust her. Therefore, Kimberly refuses Annette‟s advice. She is
afraid of Luke but she is more afraid of the older people such as Annette‟s
housekeeper will try to talk to her mother or Mr. Bogart. Everything she have hidden from her mother such as the forged signatures, the fallen tests, the dental note, the report cards, the PTA meeting will come out (p. 36).
Although Kimberly does not agree with Annette‟s advice, Annette still warns Kimberly to tell somebody else because Luke can do bad things toward her even he can bring a knife. At this point Kimberly feels so confused. On one side she is afraid of Luke but on another side she does not want to tell everybody else because she thinks that it will make the situation become worse.
According to the situation above, Kimberly faces avoidance-avoidance intrapersonal conflict. Avoidance-avoidance intrapersonal conflict is the conflict in which a person has to face the situation in which she/ he has to make a decision between two unpleasant purposes. Kimberly faces two unpleasant choices. First, she chooses to accept Luke‟s challenge to fight him and she may be killed by him
or she chooses to tell someone else and the bad possiblity is that her mother will meet Mr. Bogart and her mother will know all about her lies.
4. Studying at the Private School or the Public School
improve her grades. When her principal knows about Kimberly‟s grades, she
wants Kimbely to get the best school after she graduates from the elementary school. Kimberly is very happy to hear that but at the same time she also feels sad because her mother does not have enough money. Thus, it creates intrapersonal conflict in Kimberly self. She has to decide wheter she has to continue to the private school which is considered as the good school or she has to continue her study in the public school. Therefore, in this fifth intrapersonal conflict, the writer will discuss what conflict she faces when she wants to continue her study.
Even though Kimberly has difficulties in learning English she tries her best and she can improve some of her grades. Kimberly‟s fast improvement
suprises her elementary school principal whose name is Mrs. LaGuardia. One day Mrs. LaGuardia, the principal, opens Kimberly‟s classroom door the Social Studies. She says yo Mr. Bogart that she need to meet Kimberly Chang (p. 37). For the first time Kimberly was so afraid because she thought that Mrs. LaGuardia would give a punishment because of her grades and fighting.
However, the fact is Mrs. LaGuardia asks Kimberly to come to her office not to punish her because of grades and fighting but she wants to discuss about Kimberly‟s future school plan. She knows that Kimberly still has difficulties in
Going to the private school is not as easy as that. For Kimberly, the private school means a lot of money. She and her mother does not have a lot of money since they only work at the factory and they still have to pay their debts to Aunt Paula. It creates an intrapersonal conflict for her. Actually, she really wants to go to the private school but she realizes that she has not much money to pay the school fee (p. 38)
When Mrs. LaGuardia asks Kimberly if she wants go to the private school, Kimberly answers that she wants it but she also considers the school fee. However, Mrs LaGuardia says that the private school will naturally have to offer her a scholarship. She says that no one will expect Kimberly and her mother to pay for it by themselves. It means that the private school will naturally have to offer Kimberly a scholarship. She cannot fully guarantee about the scholarship but she believes that there is a opportunity for Kimberly (p. 38).
pay a lot of money but she may not be able to improve her English skill and she may not have the opportunity to get a better future.
5. Keep Using Handmade Underwear or Buying the New One
The fifth intrapersonal conflict is about Kimberly‟s underware. All the girls in her school wear beautiful and expensive underwear. It is really different from hers which is only made by her mother. Kimberly feels ashamed whenever she changes her clothes because all the girls usually change their clothes together in one room. Kimberly really wants to wear the new one but her mother does not understand and it is also rather difficult to afford the new underwear. That situation causes intrapersonal conflict in Kimberly self. Therefore, in this sixth intrapersonal conflict, the writer will discuss what conflict Kimberly faces when she finds that her underwear is different from other girls underwear.
Kimberly gets some new experiences in her Junior High School. One of her new experiences is so embarasing for her. Because of her proverty she rarely wears good clothes even underwear. She never worries too much about it until she finds that before and after gym subject the girls change their clothes together in a toilet stall.
Kimberly is so surprised when she sees other girls underwear. They wear colorful and expensive underwear and it is so different from hers. She only wears her mother‟s handmade underwear. All the things under her clothes have been
made by her mother. Hence, it is badly sewn. A pair of thick cotton shorts unevenly decorated in red for good luck, a marked and pilling long-sleeved undershirt (p.53). Therefore, it does not look like other girls underwear. Moreover, in that changing room the girls are checking out one another.
Her handmade underwear becomes a matter for her because she is afraid of being insulted by her friends. She has already told her mother about her problem but as usual her mother still thinks that a nice girl should change in a place which cannot be seen by everybody. Her mother does not understand they way of changing clothes in Kimberly‟s school.
Later it becomes a more serious matter for her because her friends look at her handmade underwear as something funny. It happens when she is changing her cloth in the toilet stall. Suddenly Kimberly sees shadows which are moving from a large skylight. One of her friends says that the it is the shadow of the boys. Kimberly also hears the sound of laughter and footsteps. Nevertheless Kimberly does not realize what is going on until the next day. When Kimberly is passing by the hall, she is riduculed by Greg, her friend, for her underwear in front of their friends.
yelled down the hall as I passed by, “ Are those boxing shorts comfortable?” (p. 56).
That makes the kids around Greg burst into laughter while Kimberly keeps walking in embarrassment. From the situation above Kimberly gets avoidance-avoidance intrapersonal conflict. She faces two unpleasant things. If she keeps wearing the handmade underwear she will be laughted and embarassed by her friends but if she tells her mother perhaps her mother will give the same answer that she does not want to buy new underwear for her.
6. Questioning Whether Matt Likes Kimberly or Not
The sixth intrapersonal conflict is about Kimbely‟s love story. In the
factory Kimberly has a close friend whose name is Matt. Their everyday meeting and also Matt‟s personality makes Kimberly falls in love with him. However, the
problem is that Kimberly does not know whether Matt has the same feeling as her or not. One day she hears the conversation between her mother and Matt‟s mother. Her mother and Matt‟s mother think that Matt and Kimberly like each
other. That conversation causes conflict in Kimberly self. Thus, the writer will discuss intrapersonal conflict of Kimberly in dealing with her feeling to Matt.
Kimberly and her mother work in Uncle Bob‟s factory. Uncle Bob is Aunt
Paula‟s husband. They work in the finishing station. In the factory there are also
when Kimberly was reading a chinese newspaper that was found by her in the trash can.
Something mingled with the stink of polyster in my nostrils. I turned around. A boy was standing next to me. He was about my size, dressed in an old white T-shirt, but there was a tension in his shoulders and arms that told me he was a fighter. His eyebrows were thick, crossing his face in one line, and underneath them, his eyes were a surprising golden brown (p. 13).
After that meeting, Kimberly and Matt become closer because they meet everyday in the factory. Kimberly did not realize that she falls in love with Matt until She grows up as a teenager. She likes Matt but she does not tell Matt at first because she does not know whether Matt has the same feelings as her or not. One day Matt asks Kimberly to give his precious necklace to his mother, Mrs. Wu. Usually Chinese parents give their children gold and jade jewelry to be used underneath their cloth to protect them from evil. Kimbely gives that necklace to Mrs Wu as soon as she meets her. When Kimberly gives it to Mrs. Wu, she looks at Kimberly with disgusting look. She thought that Kimberly was a boy. However, Kimberly‟s mother comes and talks to Mrs. Wu. Mrs. Wu says that Matt is a good
extreme excitement in her thought, but the feeling is also strangely painful, like an ache her lungs (p. 72)
In this case Kimberly faces approach-avoidance. It means that she has to face unpleasant and pleasant things. When she hears the conversation between Mrs. Wu and her mother she jumps into a conclusion that probably Matt has the same feeling as her. If Matt has the same feeling as Kimberly, she will be very happy. However, if Matt does not like her, it will hurt Kimberly very much.
7. Staying in the Exhausting Life Cycle or Escaping
In the seventh intrapersonal conflict Kimberly faces the problem of her life cycle. Since she lives in America she experiences many difficulties in her life. All things are different from her old place. She has to study harder than her friends because of her lack of English ability and her poverty. She also has to work in the factory everyday after school to pay her family‟s debts to Aunt Paula. Moreover, she has to face other problems in her school. Every day she faces those problems and she feels exhausted. Therefore, in this seventh intrapersonal conflict, the writer will discuss what exhausting life cycle experienced by Kimberly and why it causes the conflict in herself.
to improve her English. Kimberly has to study very hard to get the best school which provides her with a scholarship. She also has to help her mother in the factory after school every day. Moreover, her Aunt does not allow Kimberly and her mother to go out from the factory and the apartment. Everyday she feels anxious about everything. All she want is to have a break from the exhausting cycle of life, to run away from the same anxiety that haunted her. She fears of her teachers, her every assignment, Aunt Paula, and the fear that she will never escape (p. 73).
8. Keep Struggling for Oral Examination or Giving Up
The eighth intrapersonal conflict happens when Kimberly has to do her oral examination. Kimberly is a dilligent student in her school. She gets the best score in almost all her lessons. However, there are some students that do not like her and they try to bully her. One day when all the students in her class are doing a big examination, Tammy, one of the students who do not like her, tries to trap her. She lets a piece of paper fall down from her sleeve so that Kimberly takes and reads it. While Kimberly is opening that paper, her teacher comes toward her and thinks that Kimberly wants to cheat. Even though Kimberly and her friend have explained the truth, their teachers still do not believe them. The teachers agree to have an oral examination to prove whether Kimberly cheat or not. On the day before the oral examination Kimberly has to help her mother to finish a shipment until 2 a.m. After that she still has to study for the next day‟s examination. In this
point she experiences the conflict in herself. She feel tired and desperate but she has to study to face her oral examination. Therefore, the writer will discuss her intrapersonal conflict in facing her oral examination.
In Kimberly school there is a group of girls who do not like her because Kimberly has different style with them and she is also smarter than them. One day there is a big Physical Science test in Kimberly‟s class. It is not the easy test
students will fail in this test. However, Sheryl does not agree with Curt because she knows that there is a student who will not fail. She is Kimberly.
“I flunked the last test,” I heard Sheryl saying to her friends. “I‟m going to get grounded i it happens again.” “This one‟s going to be even harder,” Curt said. “Everyone will fail and they‟ll have to throw away the results.” At that moment, Sheryl caught sight of me. Her tone was dry. “Not everyone.” (p. 62)
When the test begins, Thammy, who sits behind Kimberly, asks her if she has more than one pencil so Tammy can borrow one because she said that her point of pencil broke. However, when Kimberly gives the pencil to her suddenly there is a small piece of folded yellow paper falls from Tammy‟s sleeve to the
floor. Kimberly bends down and picks up the paper. Kimberly thinks that it perhaps the note from Tammy so that she opens it to see what is written inside. However, when she tries to open it Mrs. Reynold, her teacher, comes from behind her and takes it from her.
„Could this be a note for me? I didn‟t pass note in class but I‟d seen others do it with friends, shaking with surppressed laughter. Feeling flattered and curious, I was beginning to open the note when Mrs. Reynold came up from behind and took it from my hand. She finished unfolding it and I watched with horror, sure it said something private. Mrs. Reynolds studied it through her round glasses. “I hadn‟t expected this of you, Kimberly.” (p. 63)
crime in the class, their teacher still do not believe. Her teachers decide to have an oral examination to prove that Kimberly does not cheat.
Even though Kimberly does not cheat she still feels nervous when she is going to do the oral examination in front of her teachers. Fortunately, Kimberly has to help her mother to finish a shipment the night before her oral examination. She gets back home late after two a.m. and she still has to study for her oral examination the next day (p. 74). She cannot study on the previous days because everyday she has to work in her school then she has to help her mother and study for the next day‟s lesson. That night Kimberly experiences the conflict in herself.
She is afraid of her oral examination on the next day. She feels really tired because she cannot sleep and she wants to give up. There is only her mother‟s
sleeping body to give her comfort. That night represents Kimberly‟s. She says that
the night is slightly wet and it fills with the taste of her fear. Beyond the circle of her lamp is only darkness. She finds herself close to despair that night but far from sleep (p. 74).
has to face the oral examination and she will be sick because she lacks sleep. However, if she keeps studying she will be able to do her oral examination on the next day because she has prepared all things well.
9. Keeping Her Baby or Having an Abortion
The ninth intrapersonal conflict happens when Kimberly and Matt have sexual intercourse. After Matt‟s mother passes away, he feels very sad and
desperate. He does not know where to go and only Kimberly comes up in his mind. Matt tries to meet Kimberly. When he has met her, he tells her all his burdens and sadness. However, they never realize that their meeting will bring them to a big trouble. In the middle of their conversation, Kimberly and Matt make love. Unfortunately, after their meeting Kimberly is pregnant. In this section, the writer will discuss what intrapersonal conflict experienced by Kimberly when she knows that she is pregnant.
After Matt‟s mother passes away, he tries to look for Kimberly because he
does not know where to go and Kimberly is the only one comes to his mind. He looks for Kimberly in her school but he finds that Kimbely is talking closely with Curt. Looking at that, Matt decides to go because he thinks that Curt is her boyfriend but Kimberly tries to run after him. After Kimberly finds Matt, they go to Kimberly‟s apartment. In the apartment Matt and Kimberly have sexual
Kimberly and she feels like she stops breathing. Matt is filled with need. Kimberly thinks that he seems unable to control himself (p.102).
Kimberly attempts to stop him but she cannot. She asks Matt to use double condoms to prevent any unexpected things happen to them. However, that condom was useless for them because they did not notice that the two condoms were torn.
After he‟s gone and I was trying to get the stains out of the blankets so Ma wouldn‟t suspect anything when she came home, I stopped short, my hands flying to my mouth . There were the condoms. I should have known. The two condoms had rubbed against each other and they‟d both torn. What a stupid idea of mine it‟d been. Neither of us had even noticed (p.
104).
B.Conflict Resolution
In the second section the writer will analyze how Kimberly solves her conflicts, which have been analyzed in the first section. The writer uses the two theories from Isenhart and Spagle (2000) and also Decenzo and Silhanek (2002) to analyze how Kimberly solves her conflict.
1. Conflict Resolution of Telling the Truth or Lying to Her Mother
The first conflict resolution is used by Kimberly when she has to face the intrapersonal conflict of telling the truth or lying to her mother. Kimberly is afraid of telling her mother the truth that she gets 0 grade in her assignment. Kimberly experiences avoidance-avoidance intrapersonal conflict. She does not want to make her mother sad and dissapointed with her because she has never got a bad grade before. However, if she does not tell the truth, she does wrong thing because she lies to her mother. In this case she has to choose two unpleasant things. At first Kimberly still keeps her problem to herself but the more she keeps it the more she cannot bear her problem. Hence, she decides to tell the truth that she gets zero grade to her mother.
Kimberly pretends that she gets stomachache so that she can escape from going to school because she is afraid to meet Mr. Bogart.Even though Kimberly has told her mother that she gets stomachache, her mother does not believe her. She knows that her little daughter is lying. Therefore, she keeps asking Kimberly to go to school but Kimberly still does not want to go (p.14). Finally, she tells her mother why she does not want to go to school.
