xi ABSTRACT
PURNOMO, BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO. Translation Readability of TOSHIBA Warranty Text. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2016.
Translating a legal document is difficult. Legal document translation is seen as difficult because there are strict rules/guidelines that should be obeyed, for example the Translation Guidelines provided by NZSTI (NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY of TRANSLATORS & INTERPRETERS). Warranty text is one of the many documents which have a legal standing. A good method should be used to translate the text to avoid misconception of the source’s intent. The translated version should follow legal standards and be correctly understood by the readers.
The research explores the good quality readability of the Indonesian version of Toshiba’s warranty text, which properly conveys the meaning of the source text. It also analyzes the method used in the translation based on Hervey and Higgins’ translation methods, i.e. Exoticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque, Communicative Translation, and Cultural Transplantation.
The research is a combination of field and library research. The field research is conducted to find out the readability of the translated text using the questionnaire. The library research is conducted to analyze the equivalence level of the translation. The researcher found that the overall average score of the data is 1.48 data readability points. This indicates that the translation terms in Toshiba Warranty Text can be understood and read by readers.
xii ABSTRAK
PURNOMO, BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO. The Translation Readability of TOSHIBA Warranty Text. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2016.
Menerjemahkan dokumen resmi itu sulit. Hal ini terjadi karena ada aturan ketat/ pedoman menerjemahkan yang harus dipatuhi. Seperti contoh yang disajikan oleh NZSTI (NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY of TRANSLATORS & INTERPRETERS). Teks garansi adalah satu dari dokumen resmi yang memiliki dasar hukum tetap dan berlaku. Metode yang baik dan benar harus digunakan untuk menerjemahkan teks ini untuk menghindari kesalahpahaman maksud dari teks sumber. Maka daripada itu dengan menggunakan metode yang baik dan benar untuk menerjemahkan diyakini versi terjemahan yang mengikuti dasar hukum dan akan dimengerti pembaca.
Penelitian ini meneliti keterbacaan yang baik dari text garansi Toshiba yang telah diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk mencari tahu apakah terjemahan ini telah menyampaikan inti makna dari sumber terjermahan. Metode terjemahan juga dianalisa untuk mengetahui metode terjemahan yang digunakan menggunakan dasar metode terjemahan dari Hervey dan Higgins yakni; Exoticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque, Communicative Translation, dan Cultural Transplantation.
Penelitian ini menggabungkan baik studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Studi lapangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterbacaan dari teks terjemahan dengan menggunakan metode kuisioner. Studi pustaka dilakukan untuk menganalisa kesetaraan dari terjemahan dengan teks aslinya. Peneliti menemukan rata – rata nilai data ialah 1.48 yang berarti terjemahan istilah dapat dimengerti dan dibaca oleh pembaca.
THE TRANSLATION READABILITY OF
TOSHIBA
WARRANTY TEXT
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofSarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO PURNOMO Student Number: 104214018
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
ii
THE TRANSLATION READABILITY OF
TOSHIBA
WARRANTY TEXT
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofSarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO PURNOMO Student Number: 104214018
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
vii
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I give all my praise to Jesus Christ, My Guide and My Savior, for reminding me to never give up, and for giving my little family protection while I finish this undergraduate thesis.
Firstly, I express my gratitude to J. Harris Hermansyah Setiajid, S.S, M.Hum., my thesis advisor, for his kindness in spending his time to check my thesis and in sharing some ideas with me in this thesis. I also give thanks to Anna Fitriati, S.Pd., M.Hum, my thesis co-advisor and academic advisor, who provided the time to give revision suggestions to make my thesis understandable, and who encouraged me to finish my thesis quickly, believing that I can finish it on time. I also give thanks for SAC staff and Ms. Ninik for always helping me.
I thank my parents, Drs. Yohanes Soepardhie and Anna Maria, for their full support and their efforts for reminding me to finish my thesis. I thank my older sister and her husband, Susi and Janta to believe me and cheer me. I thank my wife, Herlina Retnoningsih, for supporting me mentally. I give many thanks to my classmates from Class A 2010 for becoming a part of my life and all people who helped me but whom I cannot mention one by one. I also thank my friends: Antok, Andre, and Joe for every discussion we had, whatever we discuss.
Last but not at least, I give thanks to my closest friends, Mike and Bamz, for Brotherhood and Friendship.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE... ii
APPROVAL PAGE... iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE... iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH... v
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY... vi
MOTTO PAGE... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix
ABSTRACT... xi
ABSTRAK... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Problem Formulation ... 4
C. Objective of the Study ... 5
D. Definition of Terms ... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATUR... 6
A. Review of Related Studies ... 6
B. Review of Related Theories ... 7
1. Theory of Translation ... 7
2. Translation Readability ... 8
3. Translation Method ... 10
a. Newmark ... 10
b. Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins ... 12
i. Exoticism ... 13
ii. Cultural Borrowing ... 13
iii. Calque ...14
iv. Communicative Translation ... 14
v. Cultural Transplantation ... 15
C. Theoretical Framework ... 15
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY... 16
A. Area of the Research ... 16
B. Object of the Study ... 16
C. Method of Study ... 16
D. Research Procedure ... 17
1. Type of Data ... 17
a. Objective Data ... 17
b. Affective Data ... 17
x
3. Population and Sample ... 18
4. Data Analysis ...18
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS... 21
A. Readability of Toshiba Warranty Text ... 21
1. Readable ... 22
2. Quite Readable ... 30
B. Method that used in the translation of Toshiba Warranty Text ... 35
1. Exoticism ... 36
2. Cultural Borrowing ... 40
3. Calque ... 46
4. Communicative Translation ... 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION... 51
BIBLIOGRAPHY... 52
APPENDICES... 54
APPENDIX 1:Table of Data ... 54
APPENDIX 2:Readability Assessment Questionaire ... 65
xi ABSTRACT
PURNOMO, BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO. Translation Readability of TOSHIBA Warranty Text. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2016.
Translating a legal document is difficult. Legal document translation is seen as difficult because there are strict rules/guidelines that should be obeyed, for example the Translation Guidelines provided by NZSTI (NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY of TRANSLATORS & INTERPRETERS). Warranty text is one of the many documents which have a legal standing. A good method should be used to translate the text to avoid misconception of the source’s intent. The translated version should follow legal standards and be correctly understood by the readers.
The research explores the good quality readability of the Indonesian version of Toshiba’s warranty text, which properly conveys the meaning of the source text. It also analyzes the method used in the translation based on Hervey and Higgins’ translation methods, i.e. Exoticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque, Communicative Translation, and Cultural Transplantation.
The research is a combination of field and library research. The field research is conducted to find out the readability of the translated text using the questionnaire. The library research is conducted to analyze the equivalence level of the translation. The researcher found that the overall average score of the data is 1.48 data readability points. This indicates that the translation terms in Toshiba Warranty Text can be understood and read by readers.
xii ABSTRAK
PURNOMO, BENEDIKTUS SUNU JOKO. The Translation Readability of TOSHIBA Warranty Text. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2016.
Menerjemahkan dokumen resmi itu sulit. Hal ini terjadi karena ada aturan ketat/ pedoman menerjemahkan yang harus dipatuhi. Seperti contoh yang disajikan oleh NZSTI (NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY of TRANSLATORS & INTERPRETERS). Teks garansi adalah satu dari dokumen resmi yang memiliki dasar hukum tetap dan berlaku. Metode yang baik dan benar harus digunakan untuk menerjemahkan teks ini untuk menghindari kesalahpahaman maksud dari teks sumber. Maka daripada itu dengan menggunakan metode yang baik dan benar untuk menerjemahkan diyakini versi terjemahan yang mengikuti dasar hukum dan akan dimengerti pembaca.
Penelitian ini meneliti keterbacaan yang baik dari text garansi Toshiba yang telah diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk mencari tahu apakah terjemahan ini telah menyampaikan inti makna dari sumber terjermahan. Metode terjemahan juga dianalisa untuk mengetahui metode terjemahan yang digunakan menggunakan dasar metode terjemahan dari Hervey dan Higgins yakni; Exoticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque, Communicative Translation, dan Cultural Transplantation.
Penelitian ini menggabungkan baik studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Studi lapangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterbacaan dari teks terjemahan dengan menggunakan metode kuisioner. Studi pustaka dilakukan untuk menganalisa kesetaraan dari terjemahan dengan teks aslinya. Peneliti menemukan rata – rata nilai data ialah 1.48 yang berarti terjemahan istilah dapat dimengerti dan dibaca oleh pembaca.
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Translation has an important role of bringing information across from its source language. Translation can be clearly described as the communication of the meaning of a source-language text into its equivalent in the target-language text. Hence it is important to translate source information to give mutual understanding toward each culture. An important aspect in translation is readability.
“Translation readability” is how source text is understandable when it is read as the target text. Kahlil Gibran’s The Prophet, for example, which is originally in English language, can be found in many versions like Malay and Indonesian. The essence of the translation ofThe Prophetin Indonesian or Malay version still conveys the original meaning of the poem in its source language (SL).
There are several problems that made translation difficult. The problems are: (1) the translation results do not convey messages of the source text, (2) the choice of words gives ambiguous meaning, (3) and different culture gives a different meaning. Those are the problems that mostly happen in translation.
1. Completeness and Correctness
a. The source texts should be translated completely and accurately. Notes relating to publishing or printing matters normally should not be translated.
b. If the client requires only extracts to be translated, the omitted sections should be indicated in the translation.
c. Under certain circumstances, depending on the client's requirements, it is acceptable to provide a selective translation. The document should be headed "Selective translation from [source language]".
Briefly, the point of Translation Guidelines from NZSTI in “Completeness and Correction” is that source text must be translated completely and accurately according to the source text, in order to deliver the full meaning of the source text.
However, there are 2 circumstances that made translation incomplete. First, if the clients just want the important points to be translated, the omitted part should be indicated in the translation to give the information that the translated version is an extracted version. Secondly, the client’s requirements of selective translation can be provided according to the situation in order to give more information to clients.
2. Format/Layout
a. The translation should approximately follow the format and layout of the source text.
b. If this is not possible, appropriate notes should be inserted (e.g. above right, left margin, vertical, etc.). In the case of documents with non-continuous text (e.g. academic report books, seaman’s discharge books, etc.), the page number of the source text should be inserted before the text in question.
c. When translating forms, empty columns may be omitted or should bear the words "No entry/No entries" within square brackets.
d. Typographical conventions, such as dotted lines used to prevent unauthorized insertions in the source text, may either be reproduced, or their meaning indicated by a Translator's note.
Briefly, the point of Translation Guidelines from NZSTI in “Format/Layout” is to provide a limitation to translators when translating, so that they can convey the meaning of the source text by using the same format.
3. Names of Official Bodies and Courts
In cases where it is important for official purposes that the name of an official body, court, or educational institution be left in the original language or transliterated, a translation of the name should be inserted in square brackets after the name or as a footnote (NZQA recommendation). Alternately, a translation of the term may be followed by the original language version or a transliteration, either in square brackets or in the form of a footnote.
Briefly, the point of Translation Guidelines from NZSTI in “Names of Official Bodies and Courts” is to show the importance of maintaining the names of such official bodies and courts in the translated version. This is done so that the translated version is same or equal with source text.
4. Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be deciphered and translated in full. If this is not possible, a note should be inserted to this effect.
Briefly, the point of Translation Guidelines from NZSTI in “Abbreviations” is to show that the translated version must convey the meaning of the abbreviations found in the source text.
5. Spelling, Typing Errors, and Other Discrepancies
If the original document contains words with spelling/typing errors/discrepancies, they should not be corrected. However, a note should be inserted to this effect immediately following the error, i.e. [sic].
exactly as possible. Errors should be corrected by the person who types the source text.
Nida stated inThe Theory and Practice of Translationthat there are four basic requirements for a translation to be categorized as a good translation:
“(i) Making sense; (ii) Conveying the spirit and manner of the original; (iii) Having a natural and easy form of expression,(iv) Producing a similar response.” (1964: 164)
From Nida’s point of view, translation can be used practically. Nida also explains how important it is for the intention of source translation to be conveyed directly into the target language, as the source is a legal document that has legal standing. This is interesting to study, to gain more knowledge and understanding of document translation. The readability of the Indonesian translation of Toshiba warranty text becomes the topic chosen for the purpose of obtaining deeper knowledge about the result of translation of legal documents.
This thesis analyzes the text using the Nababan Indicator to measure its readability. It also elaborates the strategies offered by Hervey and Higgins. It is worth analyzing if the new level of translation is really useful, and hopefully this record can contribute to knowledge about the readability of legal translation.
B. Problem Formulation
The problems are formulated as follows:
1. How is the readability of Toshiba Warranty Text according to the Nababan Indicator?
C. Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are: first, to measure the readability of the translation of Toshiba warranty text, and second, to find out the method applied in translating Toshiba warranty text.
D. Definition of Terms
In this thesis, there are some terms that important to explain.
Warranty Text is condition in an insurance policy that confirms that
something will or will not be done, or that a certain situation exists or does not exist. If a warranty’s condition is breached, the insurer is entitled to refuse to pay claims, even if they are unconnected with the breach. (Oxford Dictionary for the Business World, 1993: 953)
Translation Method by Hervey and Higgins, page 6 (2002) is the translator’s
overall “game-plan”. It consists of the set of strategic decisions taken after an initial reading of the ST, but before starting detailed translation of it. Hervey and Higgins’ definition of translation method is used as base definition collaborate with definition from Molina and Albir (2002:507), to give clear support to the idea of “the way a particular translation process is carried out is related to the purpose of the translation itself. Translation method affects the whole text.”
Readability is how easily written materials can be read and understood
6 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
Some studies have been carried out concerning the readability in translation. The following is a summary of related studies that focus on the readability of a translation.
1. Ardiansah, “The Effects of Using Translation Strategy to Overcome Cultural Problems in Translating Words Related to Tools in Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer into This Earth of Mankind, translated by Max Lane”.
In this thesis, Ardiansah found out there are four kinds of translation strategies used to translate the work of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Max Lane used superordinate, cultural substitution, loan word plus explanation, and paraphrase using a related word.
Lexically and contextually, different translation strategies applied to translate culture-specific ideas will bring forth different concepts. These include loss and gain of meaning, accuracy of translation, and wrong translation. Analysis of the different strategies used will generate different data and results.
2. Pribadi’s “The Study of Translation Methods in Translating Wizardry Terms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret”.
In his thesis, guided by Hervey’s Translation Methods, Pribadi found that “communicative translation” is the dominant method used by Listiana Srisanti, who translated English version Wizardry terms of the Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secretinto Indonesian version.
Communicative translation is compatible with the translation of fiction novel, as it emphasizes on conveying meaning through basic word forms. The reader understands the complicated terms used in the novel from the word structure used. Thus, Hervey’s Translation Method became the main method used by the writer to find out what is dominant translation in Indonesia Version of Toshiba Warranty texts. Contrary to Pribadi, the writer focused his thesis on the readability of legal document translation instead of on the comprehensibility of the translated terms.
B. Review of Related Theories
These are the theories use to analyze the issues that occur in this study. 1. Theories of Translation
From Nida and Taber’s statement, we can draw a logical explanation: “translation is a re-production of Source Language (SL) into the Target Language (TL) that conveys a natural equivalent message of the SL, wherein the higher priority is the meaning, then the style”.
Bell’s statement in Translation and Translating: Theories and Practice contains a similar concept to Nida and Taber: “translation is an expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in one language or source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence” (1991:5). Moreover, Bell states that “translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”.
The theories explained by Nida, Taber, and Bell show that the layman meaning of translation is “transferring the Source Language (SL) into the Target Language (TL), with the meaning and style of the original message still conveyed in the TL”.
2. Translation Readability
A meaningful equivalent is “tender compassion”, and it is precisely in this manner that many translation attempts to reproduce the significance of this source-language expression (1982:12).
Another important suggestion that Nida and Taber stated in the book that we use as basis, is that style is secondary to the content. However, it is still important (1982:14). Legal documents, such as warranty books, need a proper process to translate. If the appropriate method is not used, the message will not be transferred successfully. Another perspective that can give foundation is using Richard’s readability scores on how easily written materials can be read and understood (1985: 238).
In conclusion, these theories all state that “readability” is “how the translated versions can be read and understood by target respondent”. The indicator used is Nababan Indicator, which is modified to suit the purposes of this research. The Nababan Indicator can be seen in “Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan” (“Strategies for Assessing the Quality of Translation”) inJurnal Linguistik Bahasapages 54-65.
Table 1.1
Nababan’s Readability Indicator (with modification)
Score Readability Indicator
1 The TT text is easy to understand.
Table 1.2
Nababan’s Readability Score Category (with modification)
Score Readability Category
1 – 1.6 Readable
1.7 - 2.3 Quite Readable
2.4 – 3 Not Readable
To measure whether the translation quality is assessed as good or bad, the readability score is obtained from average score questionnaires filled by respondents. A score within the 1-1.6 range indicates that the translation is Readable because the text is easy to read and can be understood by the reader. A score of 1.702.3 indicates that the translation is Quite Readable because the text is not easy to understand, indicated by ambiguous meaning. A score of 2.4-3 indicates that the translation is Not Readable because the text cannot be understood.
3. Translation Method a. Newmark
Newmark defines “communicative translation” as “an attempt to produce on its readers, an effect as close as possible, to make the thought of the cultural content of the original translation easier to understand, simpler, straight, and conservative.”
Communicative translation tries to produce effects that are as close as possible to the original meaning for the readers. On the other hand, semantic translation is an attempt to follow the semantic and syntactic structures as close as possible of the SL. This makes the cultural content of the original culture not easy to understand, because it is difficult, detailed, and inconvenient. The most important statement that defines Newmark’s concept of semantic translation can be found in his book page 44.
b. Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins
Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins explained translation method in connection with cultural terms in their book. They explained various types of cultural transposition that can be used to partially examine the SL. By using cultural transposition, SL cultural elements can be limited and defined, so that corresponding TL cultural elements can be used (Hervey and Higgins (2002:33)).
Any degree of cultural transposition involves the choice of features indigenous to the TL and the target culture in preference to features with roots in the source culture. The desired result is the reduction of foreign features in the translated text (TT), thereby to some extent naturalizing it into the TL and its cultural setting. Whether this is desirable or not depends on the purpose of the TT.
The various degrees and scales of cultural transposition are also explained in the above Hervey and Higgins (2002:33).
Table 1.3
Hervey and Higgins Cultural Transposition
Exoticism Calque Communicative Translation
Cultural Transplantation Cultural
i. Exoticism
Harvey and Higgins explain “exoticism” as a TT that still uses grammatical and cultural features from the source text (ST) with minimum adjustment. In other words, the translation is categorized as “Exoticism” because the Target Text still uses the same word as the ST, or a more literal translation. This emphasizes a cultural oddity that attracts the reader to read. ii. Cultural Borrowing
Cultural Borrowing is a translation method that faithfully translates SL into TL. This method does not involve adaptation such as can be found in Exoticism and Calque. The translator will choose this method when it is impossible to get an appropriate original TL expression for translating the SL expression. This method focuses on the textual context of the TL for making the meaning of the borrowed expression understandable.
The statement can be found in Hervey and Higgins’ book, Thinking French Translation: A Course in Translation Method: French-English –Second Edition, page 35-36.
‘département’ or pre-Revolution ‘parlement’, and thereafter to use the SL word as a loan-word in the TT.
iii. Calque
Calque is an expression that is grammatically correct in TL, but has idiomatically incorrect meaning and expression in TL. This is the result of bad translation, wherein SL structure and expression are forced as model in the TL. According to Hervey and Higgins, good calque will bring balance by bringing SL structure in a good translation that does not breach the rules of TL grammar.
Sometimes, some calqued expressions became standard TL cultural equivalent of the SL. For example, the word ‘world-view’ in English is calqued from the German ‘Weltanschauung’, ‘flyweight’ is calqued from the French ‘poidsmouche’, and the French-Canadian ‘bienvenue’ is calqued into the English ‘you’re welcome’ (in the sense that you are being welcomed to a place, instead of the usual response to “thank you”) (Hervey and Higgins (2002:35)). iv. Communicative Translation
v. Cultural Transplantation
Cultural Transplantation strongly differs from Exoticism in that it really is not a translation, but more of an adaptation. Whole parts of SL are transplanted by rewriting the entire expression in TL. Even though it is a partial method that does not use expressions that make the TT strange to its readers, this translation method is considered as a severe option. Good translation should avoid using these two methods, i.e. exoticism and cultural transplantation, as much as possible (Hervey et al. (2002:34)).
C. Theoretical Framework
16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Area of Research
The scope of the research is the readability of the phrases and sentences in the target Indonesian language in comparison with the original English text. The writer chose this scope of research based on the relevant idea that Chesterman (2002:7) wrote in The Map relevant: “to discover patterns of correspondence between the texts”. The readability analysis will explain how readable the resulting translation of phrases and sentences is. Another element that supports readability is translation method, which can tell the dominant translation method that would best contain the main ideas of the SL text.
B. Object of the Study
The object of the study is the phrases and sentences that can be found in the Indonesian translation of Toshiba Warranty Text. Not all the texts in the Toshiba Warranty Text were taken, because the text contains parts that have similar meaning.
C. Study Method
D. Research Procedure 1. Type of Data
a. Objective Data
Objective data is taken from Source Text (ST) page 25-27 and Target Text (TT) page 20 - 23. This thesis had two sets of data as its objects.The first set of data is objects taken from the South and Southeast Asia English Toshiba Harddisk Warranty book. The second set of data is objects taken from the Indonesian text in the warranty book. Toshiba warranty books can be found accompanying any Toshiba product, but the book that the researcher used, which has 36 pages, can be found in Toshiba Harddisk package product.
The data that the researcher used is phrases and sentences can be found in Toshiba warranty book. Data from the English ST is listed and compared with the relevant Indonesian TT, to see if the translation is good or not.
b. Affective Data
assess the Readability of the translation.
2. Data Collection
The data used in the thesis is taken from the text and the questionnaire. The data collected from the text focuses in several sub-chapters in the English Toshiba version of the South & Southeast Asia product warranty text, with translated version using the Indonesian version found in the same book.
Table 2.1
Example of Data Collection
Code Source Text Code Target Text
1/ST/SSEAV/a System Requirements
1/TT/BIV/a Kebutuhan Sistem
In which:
1 : Data number
ST : Source Text
SSEAV : South & Southeast Asia version Toshiba Warranty Text TT : Translated Text
BIV : Bahasa Indonesia version Toshiba Warranty Text
a : Sub number
3. Population and Sample
The population of the data is 59 data, but the number of data used is 42. The data is used to analyze the readability and translation method of the Toshiba Warranty Text.
4. Data Analysis
score the list of the translation based on its readability. It is displayed as follows:
Table 2.2
Example of Data Score Analysis
No Code Target Text Score
1 4/TT/BIV 1. Hubungkan Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive ke PC anda dengan kabel USB yang telah tersedia.
1
Data 4/TT/BIV is considered to be readable, because every correspondent has the same comment: they clearly understood the meaning of the target text. After its readability is analyzed, the data was examined further to find its translation method.
Table 2.3
Example of Data Translated Method Analysis
No. Code Source Text Code Target Text Translation Method
3. 3/ST/SSE AV
IMPORTANT: IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT YOU INSTALL THE LATEST
SERVICE PACKS AND UPDATES TO OBTAIN THE HIGHEST PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY.
3/TT/BIV PENTING:
DIREKOMENDASIK AN ANDA
MENGINSTAL PAKET LAYANAN TERBARU DAN TERUPDATE UNTUK
MENDAPATKAN PERFORMA YANG PALING TINGGI DAN HANDAL.
21
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Chapter IV discusses the problems formulated in Chapter I. There are two
problems that will be analyzed. First, the study examines the readability of the
Toshiba Warranty Text. Second, it examines the method used in the translation
of the Toshiba Warranty Text. The result of the data points collection is
discussed and analyzed in this chapter.
The readability of Toshiba Warranty Text is analyzed using a questionnaire
distributed to several Respondents. This research shows whether the translated
version of warranty texts is readable or not.
Second, the research is analyzed based on the method used in the translation
of the ST, which is the English version of the Toshiba Warranty Text for South and
Southeast Asia, into TT in Indonesian.
A. Readability of Toshiba Warranty Text
Data points were taken from Target Text (TT) pages 20-23. There are 42 data
points used and discussed in this research. Study results show 33 “Readable”
data points and 9 “Quite Readable” data points. The overall average score of the
1. “Readable” Data points
The translation’s scoring is based on Nababan’s readability score, which
classes any of translation data points scoring 1.0 to 1.6 as readable. 33
(thirty-three) data points that are readable show the following scores: 3
(three) data points score 1.0 (one point zero); 8 (eight) data points score
1.2 (one point two); 13 (thirteen) data points score 1.4 (one point four),
and 9 (nine) data points score 1.6 (one point six). Here is the chart of the
data points with “readable” score:
Chart 1. Readable Data
3
8
13
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Readable
Below is the discussion of “readable” data points.
Table 3.1
Data Points Scoring 1.0
No Code Target Text Score
4 4/TT/BI V/a
Petunjuk instalasi (Windows) 1.0
4/TT/BI V/b
1. Hubungkan Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive ke PC anda dengan kabel USB yang telah tersedia.
1.0
7 8/TT/BI V/p
Kerusakan Produk yang disebabkan karena tidak mengikuti spesifikasi, Petunjuk Penggunaan atau Pedoman saat penggunaan dan/atau penyimpanan.
Those are the data points that scoring 1.0 points. Respondents’ response
to the data points is that the data is “Readable”, that they understand its
meaning. In the analysis, data points is scoring 1.0 based on Respondents’
response that they understand both the meaning and grammar of the
according to EBI (Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia – Indonesian Official Spelling)
and KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia – the Great Indonesian
Language Dictionary).
Following EBI’s rules, it is acceptable, for example, to use capitalized
words (except for the word “instalasi”, which should have been “Instalasi”
because it is a sub-title), abbreviations or acronyms (USB, PC), boldface,
and parenthesis. The choice of word in the translated version must have
the same meaning as the original version as per KBBI.
Table 3.2
Data Points Scoring 1.2
No Code Target Text Score
1 1/TT/BI V/a
Isi 1.2
2 2/TT/BI V/b
Microsoft®Windows 8, Windows®7, Vista®dan XP 1.2
4 4/TT/BI V/f
Untuk informasi lebih detail, pilih menu HELP pada tampilan piranti lunak backup sesudah instalasi dilakukan.
7 8/TT/BI V/k
Servis Produk yang dibeli di luar negara tempat pembelian asli.
1.2
8/TT/BI V/m
Sevis yang dilakukan untuk pemasangan modifikasi non Toshiba pada Produk.
1.2
8/TT/BI V/q
Modifikasi Produk yang tidak mendapatkan izin tertulis dari TSP.
1.2
8 9/TT/BI V/b
SESUAI YANG DIIZINKAN OLEH HUKUM, SEMUA GARANSI LAIN TERKEMUKA DAN TERSIRAT TERHADAP PRODUK INI, TERMASUK GARANSI TERSIRAT TENTANG NILAI JUAL DAN KECOCOKAN UNTUK PENGGUNAAN TERTENTU, DENGAN INI DIANGGAP TIDAK ADA DAN DIKECUALIKAN. JIKA HUKUM YANG BERLAKU MENAFIKAN
PENGECUALIAN DARI SUATUGRANASITERSIRAT, MAKA GARANSI TERSIRAT ITU AKAN TERBATAS DALAM SYARAT-SYARAT GARANSI TERBATAS
TERUNGKAP TERTULIS INI. GARANSI TERTULIS INI MEMBATALKAN DAN SECARA KHUSUS
MENIADAKAN GARANSI LAIN ATAU REPRESENTASI YANG TIDAK TERNYATAKAN DALAM GARANSI INI, APAKAH ITU DILAKUKAN OLEH TSP, AFILIASINYA, ADR DAN ASP, SECARA TERUCAP ATAU TERTULIS (TERMASUK PERNYATAAN DALAM BROSUR, SIARAN PERS, PENGUMUMAN, IKLAN, DEKORASI DI TOKO DLL)
1.2
9/TT/BI V/c
ANDA HARUS MEMBACA DAN MENGIKUTI SEMUA INSTRUKSI PENYETELAN DAN PENGGUNAAN DALAM PETUNJUK PENGGUNA YANG DISEDIAKAN
DAN/ATAU MANUAL YANG DISERTAKAN. JIKA ANDA GAGAL MELAKUKANNYA, PRODUK INI TIDAK AKAN BERFUNGSI SEBAGAIMANA SEMESTINYA DAN ANDA MUNGKIN AKAN KEHILANGAN DATA ATAU KERUSAKAN LAINNYA
1.2
All data points scoring 1.2 point had small errors or misconceptions that
1/TT/BIV/a, i.e. the word “isi”. In KBBI, the word is defined as “the
content or essence of something” or “what is written in a book or
document”. This ambiguous conception caused readers not to get the
true meaning of the source text.
From EBI perspective, all the data points have misspellings. These can
be found in datum 8/TT/BIV/m, “Sevis” which should have been “Servis”,
and “GRANASI” which should have been “GARANSI”. Some data
points retain the use of the original word, such as “Help”, which should
have been translated into “Bantuan”, and “backup”, which should have
been translated into “data darurat”.
Table 3.3
Data Points Scoring 1.4
No Code Target Text Score
1 1/TT/BI V/b
Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive
1.4
1/TT/BI V/c
Kabel USB 3.0 (bisa digunakan pada komputer USB 2.0)
1.4
1/TT/BI V/d
Panduan Instalasi Singkat
1.4
2 2/TT/BI V/a
KEBUTUHAN SISTEM *
1.4
2/TT/BI V/c
Tersedia port USB 3.0 atau port USB 2.0**
No Code Target Text Score
4 4/TT/BI V/e
4. Klik ganda file Setup.exe dan ikuti petunjuk instalasi.
1.4
5 6/TT/BI V/b
….. dikenal berteknologi tinggidan memiliki perhatian yang luar biasa pada desain detailnya.
Toshibaberkomitmen pada produk …..
1.4
7 8/TT/BI V/i
Perbaikan kerusakan bagian luar yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan fungsi Produk, seperti aus dan sobek, goresan, melekuk, dan tergores, warna kunci/tombol pudar.
1.4
8/TT/BI V/j
Servis yang dilakukan karena sebab luar, termasuk api, pencurian, bencana alam, perubahan, masalah yang muncul dari piranti lunak atau perangkat keras yang bukan disediakan oleh TSP, mati lampu, tegangan yang melonjak atau kurang, petir, kerusakan listrik, atau perbaikan, perubahan atau penggantian oleh seseorang selain yang ditunjuk oleh TSP untuk servis Produk.
1.4
8/TT/BI V/l
Servis terhadap produk pihak ketiga atau servis yang dilakukan akibat penggunaan produk ketiga yang tidak kompatibel.
1.4
8/TT/BI V/n
Servis Produk di mana label atau logo TOSHIBA, label rating, atau label nomor seri telah rusak, dicoret atau dilepas.
1.4
8/TT/BI V/o
Servis dan perbaikan Produk On Site.
1.4
8 9/TT/BI V/d
……BIAYA ATAU HARGA DARI SEGALA SESUATUNYA
All data points scoring 1.4 points had several errors from EBI perspective.
For example, datum 6/TT/BIV/b has error in the use of spacing to separate
words, in this case “tinggidan” and “Toshibaberkomitmen”, which should
have been “tinggidan” and “Toshibaberkomitmen”. Datum 9/TT/BIV/d
also has errors that indicate improper use according to EBI, such as
“TERMSUK”, which should have been “TERMASUK”.
Overall, the data points scoring 1.4 correctly follow the rules of KBBI, but
the reader should have knowledge of the latest terms in computer
technology in order to understand the word. For example, “Toshiba
Portable External Hard Drive”, which is the item covered by the warranty;
“port USB 3.0/2.0” is an acronym of “port Universal Serial Bus 3.0/2.0”,
which is a slot in a personal computer or laptop that can be plugged in
with a cable or Flashdisk version 3.0/2.0 so that the personal computer or
laptop can receive data points from same; “Windows” indicates the
operating software used in the personal Computer or laptop; and
“Setup.exe” indicates a program file in the computer that will run after the
USER clicks it.
Table 3.4Data Points Scoring 1.6
No Code Target Text Score
1 1/TT/BI V/e
No Code Target Text Score
4 4/TT/BI V/c
2. Klik ganda “My Computer” atau “Computer” (bergantung pada OS anda) yang terdapat pada Desktop anda.
1.6
4 4/TT/BI V/d
3. Klik ganda ikon Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive. 1.6
5 6/TT/BI V/a
Garansi Terbatas Standar 1.6
6 7/TT/BI V/a
APA YANG TERSEDIA DALAM GARANSI TERBATAS ANDA 1.6
6 7/TT/BI V/b
…..memberi jaminan Produk bebas dari cacatmaterial saat pekerjaan atau……. Penyedia Layanan Resmi (ASP) akan menjadi hak milik TS. Anda bertanggungjawab membayar, sesuai harga …..
1.6
7 8/TT/BI V/a
PENGECUALIAN SERVIS/GARANSI – APA SAJA YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI OLEH GARANSI?
1.6
7 8/TT/BI V/c
Servis, perbaikan atau pergantian yang dilakukan akibat kecelakaan penyalahgunaan….
1.6
8 9/TT/BI V/a
DISCLAIMER DAN KETERBATASAN PERBAIKAN 1.6
All data points scoring 1.6 point had several errors according to EBI.
Datum 7/TT/BIV/b had two errors, i.e. “cacatmaterial” and
“bertanggungjawab”, which should have been “cacat material” and
correctly follow EBI’s rule and should be changed into “penjelasan”, and
the word “apa saja” can be omitted. In data point 8/TT/BIV/c, the word
“pergantian” is incorrect: it should have been “penggantian”.
All data points scoring 1.6 have some errors according to KBBI. For
example, in the data points 1/TT/BIV/e and 7/TT/BIV/a, the word
“terbatas” can be revised into “terhingga”, which also has the meaning of
“terbatas” in KBBI.
Meanwhile, in data points 4/TT/BIV/c, 4/TT/BIV/d, 6/TT/BIV/a, and
9/TT/BIV/a contain the following errors: in datum 4/TT/BIV/c, the words
“OS” and “Desktop”; in datum 4/TT/BIV/d, the words “Portable External
Hard Drive”; in datum 6/TT/BIV/a, the word “Standar”; and in datum
9/TT/BIV/a, the word “DISCLAIMER”. These words should be revised,
because they are English words that are absorbed “as is” into Indonesian.
In datum 4/TT/BIV/c, the words should be changed into “sistem operasi”
and “computer meja”; in datum4/TT/BIV/d, the words should be changed
to “perangkat keras eksternal penyimpan data yang mudah dibawa”; in
datum 6/TT/BIV/a, the word should be changed into “Baku”; and in datum
2. “Quite Readable” Data Points
In Nababan’s modified chart, a score of 1.7 to 2.3 means that it is a “Quite
Readable” translation. This means that any translation data point that
score 1.7 to 2.3 is considered as “Quite Readable”. 9 (nine) data points
in this range shows that 5 (five) data points scoring 1.8, 3 (three) data
points scoring 2.0, and 1 (one) data point scoring 2.2.
Here is the chart of quite readable data points:
Chart 2. Quite Readable
5
3
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1.8 2.0 2.2
Quite Readable
The following section explains about the “Quite Readable” data points.
Table 4.1
Data Points Scoring 1.8
No Code Target Text Score
3 3/TT/BI
V/a
PENTING: DIREKOMENDASIKAN ANDA MENGINSTAL PAKET LAYANAN TERBARU DAN TER- UPDATE
UNTUK MENDAPATKAN PERFORMA YANG PALING
No Code Target Text Score
TINGGI DAN PALING HANDAL.
7 8/TT/BI
V/d
Penggantian suku cadang yang hilang, pengadaan retrofit, atau perawatan yang dilakukan untuk pencegahan.
1.8
8/TT/BI V/f
Servis, perbaikan, atau penggantian yang dilakukan, atau berhubungan dengan, penyambungan yang tidak benar dengan peralatan lain.
1.8
8/TT/BI V/g
Piranti lunak, kerusakan piranti lunak, atau penggantian piranti lunak atau perbaikan.
1.8
8/TT/BI V/h
Perbaikan atau penggantian baterai, adaptor AC, penutup, plastik, atau bagian lain lain seperti lis atau bagian interior atau eksterior pelapis atau tepi.
1.8
The data points scoring 1.8 points are mostly correct from the EBI and
KBBI perspective, such as they correctly use capitalization and “–”.
However, there are several words that can be revised according to KBBI to
help the understanding of Respondents who not have the technical
knowledge, such as in datum 3/TT/BIV/a: “menginstal”, “ter-update”, and
“performa” can be revised into “memasangkan”, “terkini”, and “kinerja,”;
aksesoris yang diproduksi atau terpasang secara tidak bersamaan dengan
proses produksi produk”.
Two data points require correction on the use of “,” and “atau”, such as
datum 8/TT/BIV/f: “Servis, perbaikan, atau penggantian yang dilakukan,
atau berhubungan dengan, penyambungan yang tidak benar dengan
peralatan lain” should be changed into “Servis/perbaikan/penggantian
yang dilakukan/berhubungan dengan penyambungan yang tidak benar
dengan peralatan lain” in order to more briefly and precisely explain the
point; datum 8/TT/BIV/h: “Perbaikan atau penggantian baterai, adaptor
AC, penutup, plastik, atau bagian lain lain seperti lis atau bagian interior
atau eksterior pelapis atau tepi” should be changed into
“Perbaikan/penggantian baterai, adaptor AC, penutup, plastik, atau bagian
lain lain seperti lis/bagian interior/eksterior pelapis/tepi”.
Datum 8/TT/BIV/g indicates unnecessary repetition: “Piranti lunak,
kerusakan piranti lunak, atau penggantian piranti lunak atau perbaikan”,
which should be changed into “Kerusakan/perbaikan/penggantian piranti
Table 4.2
Data Points Scoring 2.0
The data points scoring 2.0 point had several problems from the EBI and
KBBI perspective:
Datum 3/TT/BIV/c has the word “bus power”. The Oxford Dictionary
shows that the word has the roots “bus” and “power”. In the field of
computer technology, “bus” means “a distinct set-off conductor
carrying data and control signals within a computer system, to which
pieces of equipment may be connected in parallel”.
This word includes all related hardware components; while “power” is
“energy that is produced by mechanical, electrical, or other means and
No Code Target Text Score
3 3/TT/BI
V/c
** Untuk beberapa komputer yang memiliki bus power terbatas, kabel USB power khusus dibutuhkan; untuk informasi lebih lanjut silahkan hubungi pusat pelayanan perbaikan dari distributor lokal anda.
2.0
7 8/TT/BI
V/b
Hal-hal berikut ini secara khusus dikecualikan dari, dan tidak termasuk dalam, garansi terbatas:
2.0
8/TT/BI V/e
Pemasangan atau pelepasan aksesor retrofit, peragkat peripheral atau sistem komputer yang mana Produk adalah bagian dari itu.
used to operate a device”. Those words combine into “bus power”,
which is “the energy that needed to operate data and signal in
computer”. Therefore, it should have been translated as “pendaya
operasional data dan sinyal komputer”.
Datum 8/TT/BIV/b should contain a more precise emphasis as per EBI:
the words “khusus dikecualikan dari, dan tidak termasuk dalam,
garansi terbatas” should have been “khusus DIKECUALIKAN dari
danTIDAK TERMASUKdalam garansi terbatas”.
Datum 8/TT/BIV/e has several words that should be corrected as per
KBBI, for example “aksesor retrofit, perangkat peripheral” it which
should have been “aksesoris yang diproduksi atau terpasang secara
tidak bersamaan dengan proses produksi produk, perangkat periferal”.
Table 4.3
Data Points Scoring 2.2
No Code Target Text Score
3/TT/BIV/ b
Catatan:* Kompatibilitas akan dapat berbeda tergantung dari konfigurasi perangkat keras/hardware pengguna dan sistem operasinya.
2.2
Readability Assessment was conducted on 42 (forty-two) data points. The
results show that 33 (thirty-three) data points are “Readable”, while the remaining
9 (nine) data points are “Quite Readable”. See the following chart:
Chart 3. Readability Assessment
32
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Readable Quite Readable
Readable Quite Readable
Based on the scores Chart 3, the Readability Assessment show that:
33 data points are “Readable” and 9 data points are “Quite Readable”;
The average score of readability of Toshiba Warranty Text is 1.48 points out of
a maximum 3 points according to Nababan’s Indicator; and
The overall translation of Toshiba Warranty Text is “Readable”, i.e. Readers
find it easy to understand the translator’s intention or message.
B. Methods Used in the Translation of Toshiba Warranty Text
Data 4. Data Result of Translation Method
12
19
10
1 0
5 10 15 20
Exoticism Cultural Borrowing Calque Communicative Translation
Exoticism Cultural Borrowing Calque
Communicative Translation
The following is the explanation of the result of the Translation Method used in
the translation of Toshiba Warranty Text as based on Chart 4:
1. Exoticism
Exoticism is a Target Text (TT) that still uses the grammatical and cultural
features of Source Text (ST) with minimum adjustment. TT can be
categorized as Exoticism because it still uses the source culture, which is a
cultural oddity in the target culture, to make effects that would attract
readers to read. Exoticism is shown in the following 7 (seven) data points:
Table 5.1
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
1 1/ST/SS EAV/b
Toshiba Portable
External Hard Drive
1/TT/ BIV/b
Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive
The word “Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive” is still translated into
“Toshiba Portable External Hard Drive”because it is the name of the item
Table 5.2
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
1 1/ST/SS EAV/c
USB 3.0Cable (works withUSB 2.0
computers)
1/TT/ BIV/c
KabelUSB 3.0(bisa digunakan pada komputer
USB 2.0)
The words “USB 3.0” and “USB 2.0” in TT are not translated, but retained
as per the original. The words “USB 3.0” and “USB 2.0” are categorized
as the word most frequently used in several languages, and because of the
nuance of the word, it should preserved. This is also to differentiate
between “USB 3.0”, “USB 3.0 Cable”, “USB 3.0”, “Flashdisk USB 3.0”,
and “Harddisk External 3.0”.
“USB 3.0” is Port USB type 3.0, which has higher specifications than
“USB port 2.0”. “USB 3.0 cable” indicates a cable used for “USB 3.0”.
“Flashdisk USB 3.0” indicates a flashdisk that is best used in port 3.0 for
optimum performance. “Harddisk External 3.0” indicates an external
harddisk that is best used in port 3.0 for optimum performance.
Table 5.3
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
2 2/ST/SS EAV/b
Microsoft® Windows 8,
Windows® 7, Vista® or XP
2/TT/ BIV/b
Microsoft®Windows 8,
The words “Microsoft®” “Windows 8”,“Windows® 7”, “Vista®”or “XP”
are not translated. They use the same words as the source because they
are the brand names of the Windows Operating System products that are
compatible with Toshiba’s, that are registered as Microsoft’s products.
Table 5.4
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
3 3/ST/SS EAV/c
** for the fewcomputers that limitbus power, a specialUSB powercable is required; for detail
information please contact with repair centers of your localdistributors.
3/TT/ BIV/c
** Untuk beberapacomputer
yang memilikibus power
terbatas, kabelUSB power
khusus dibutuhkan; untuk informasi lebih lanjut silahkan hubungi pusat pelayanan perbaikan dari
distributorlokal anda.
The words “computer”, “bus power”, “USB power”, and “distributor” are
not translated, but used the same words as in the source text, because they
are commonly used terms in the IT field in the original language. In the
TT, “computer” is translated into “komputer”. This is categorized as
cultural borrowing, because the TT adapts the word from the source
Table 5.5
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
4 4/ST/SS EAV/c
2. On thedesktop, double-clickmy computeror
computerdepend on your OS.
4/TT/ BIV/c
2. Klik ganda “My Computer” atau
“Computer” (bergantung pada OS anda) yang terdapat padaDesktop
anda.
The words “desktop”, “My computer”, and “computer” are not translated
into Target Text, because those words are commonly used in most
languages, they are common terms in the computer field. “My computer”
and “computer” are translated into “Komputerku” and “komputer”. The
translated terms “komputerku” and “komputer” are categorized as cultural
borrowing.
Table 5.6
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
4 4/ST/SS EAV/e
4. Double-click the
setup.exe fileand follow the installation wizard’s instructions.
4/TT/ BIV/e
4. Klik gandafile Setup.exe
dan ikuti petunjuk instalasi.
4/ST/SS EAV/f
For more information, please selectHELPfrom the
backupsoftware interface after the installation
4/TT/ BIV/f
Untuk informasi lebih detail, pilih menuHELPpada tampilan piranti lunakbackup
sesudah instalasi dilakukan. The words “file”, “setup.exe”, “HELP”, and “backup” in Target Text
conveying certain terms in the computer field. It is important to keep the
words, because it would be harder to the meaning otherwise. The words
“file”, “setup.exe”, “HELP”, and “backup” cannot be translated into
“berkas”, “pengaturan.exe”, “PERTOLONGAN”, and “cadangan”,
because these words are fixed terms in the operating system of the
computer.
Table 5.7
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
9 9/ST/S SEAV/ a
DISCLAIMERAND LIMITATION OF REMEDY
9/TT/BI V/a
DISCLAIMERDAN KETERBATASAN PERBAIKAN
The word “Disclaimer” in the Target Text indicates that it is frequently
used in most languages because the meaning is commonly known. If
“Disclaimer” is translated to “Penolakan”, the meaning would be
perceived differently than if it remains in the same word. However, in
KBBI, the word “Penafian” exists to convey the same meaning as
“Disclaimer”. This word is slowly getting known.
2. Cultural Borrowing
Cultural borrowing is a translation method that focuses on the textual
borrowed expression understandable. This translation method is the
simplest solution, and it is frequently used in texts relating to politics,
history, or social issues, when it is impossible for a translator to get an
appropriate TL expression required to convey the meaning of the Source
Language (SL) expression. There are 8 (eight) data points that use
cultural borrowing in Toshiba Warranty Text:
Table 6.1
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
1 1/ST/SS EAV/d
QuickInstallGuide /
Limitedwarranty(this document)
1/TT/ BIV/d
PanduanInstalasiSingkat
1/TT/ BIV/e
GaransiTerbatas
In data point 1/TT/BIV/d, the word “Instalasi” is a naturalized word form
of “Install” in data point 1/ST/SSEAV/d, because “Instalasi” came from
the Dutch word “Installatie”, which is the counterpart of the word “Install”
in English. Indonesia In data point 1/TT/BIV/e, the word “Garansi” is a
naturalized form of the word “Warranty” in data point 1/ST/SSEAV/d,
because “Garansi” came from the Dutch word “Garantie”, which is used to
As Indonesia was occupied by the Dutch for many years, many Dutch
terms are absorbed into Indonesian. The similarity between English and
Dutch makes it easy for English terms to be naturalized analogously with
the context of its Dutch counterpart.
Table 6.2
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
2 2/ST/SS
EAV/a
SystemRequirements * 2/TT/ BIV/a
KEBUTUHANSISTEM*
The word “System” is translated into “SISTEM”. The Source Text word
“System” is naturalized into Target Text knowledge, because “SISTEM”
came from the Dutch word “Sisteem”, which is used to process the
English word “System”.
Table 6.3
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
3 3/ST/SS EAV/a
Important: It is recommended that you
Installthelastest service packs and updates to obtain the highestperformance
and reliability.
3/TT/ BIV/a
PENTING:
DIREKOMENDASIKAN ANDAMENGINSTAL PAKET LAYANAN TERBARU DANTER -UPDATE UNTUK MENDAPATKAN
No Code Source Text Code Target Text TINGGI DAN PALING HANDAL.
The words “Install” and “performance” in data point 3/ST/SSEAV/a
undergone the naturalizing process into the Target Text “Menginstal” and
“performa”. The root of “Menginstal” is “Instal” in Indonesian,
originally from the Dutch word “Installatie”. The Dutch word is used to
process its English counterpart, “Install”. “Performa”, originally from
the English “Performance”, became “Performa” through the naturalizing
process
Table 6.4
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
3 3/ST/SS EAV/b
Note*Compatibilitymay vary depending on user’s hardwareconfigurationand
operating system.
3/TT/ BIV/b
Catatan:*Kompatibilitas
akan dapat berbeda
tergantung darikonfigurasi
perangkat keras/hardware pengguna dansistem operasinya.
The words “Compatibility”, “Configuration”, and “operating system” in
data point 3/ST/SSEAV/b undergone the naturalizing process into the
“Kompatibilitas” and “konfigurasi” originally came from the English
words “Compatibility” and “Configuration” that are naturalized into
Indonesian, while “Sistem operasinya” has the root “Sistem operasi”,
originally from the Dutch words “Sisteem” and “Operatie” used to process
the English counterparts, “System” and “Operation”.
Table 6.5
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
6 6/ST/SS EAV/a
StandardLimited
Warranty
6/TT/ BIV/a
GaransiTerbatasStandar
The word “Standard” and “Warranty” in data point 6/ST/SSEAV/a was
naturalized, as can be seen in data point 6/TT/BIV/a, to become “Standar”
and “Garansi”. “Standar” originally came from the Dutch word
“Standaard”, which was used to process the English counterpart
“Standard”, “Garansi” is originally found in the Dutch word “Garantie”,
which was used to process the English counterpart “Warranty”.
Table 6.6
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
8 8/ST/SS EAV/j
On-siteserviceand repair of theProduct.
8/TT/ BIV/o
Servisdan perbaikan
The words “Service” and “product” have undergone the naturalizing
process into “servis” and “produk” in data point 8/TT/BIV/o. “Servis”
originally came from the Dutch word “Service”, which is used to process
the English counterpart, “Service”. “Produk” is the naturalized word
form of the English “Product” into Indonesian.
Table 6.7
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
8 8/ST/SS EAV/k
Damage toProduct
caused by failure to follow thespecification.
8/TT/ BIV/p
KerusakanProdukyang
disebabkan karena tidak mengikutispesifikasi, Petunjuk Penggunaan atau Pedoman saat penggunaan dan/atau penyimpanan.
The words “Product” and “specification” have undergone the naturalizing
process into “produk” and “spesifikasi” in data point 8/TT/BIV/p.
“Produk” and “Spesifikasi” originally came from English words that have
Table 6.8
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
8 8/ST/SS EAV/l
Modificationsto the
Productsnot approved in writing by TSP.
8/TT/ BIV/q
ModifikasiProdukyang tidak mendapatkan izin tertulis dari TSP.
The words “Modifications” and “Products” have undergone the
naturalizing process into “modifikasi” and “Produk” in data point
8/TT/BIV/q. “Modifikasi” and “Spesifikasi” originally came from
English words that have undergone the naturalizing process.
3. Calque
Calque is a translation method which generates idiomatically incorrect
meaning and expression, even though it is basically grammatically correct
in the TL. The reason is because the bad translation uses the Source
Language (SL)’s structure and expression directly Target Language (TL)
pattern. If the SL structure is translated properly and does not abuse TL
grammar, there will be a balance that can be identified as a good Calque.
Calque in Toshiba Warranty Text will be explained by 3 data points:
Table 7.1
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
EAV/b Toshiba brand product (“Product(s)”) from Toshiba Singapore Pte Ltd (“TSP”). The Toshiba group of companies (“Toshiba”) is the world leader in mobile computing, renowned for its advanced technology and outstanding attention to design detail. Toshiba is committed to quality products and ensuring the highest level of customer satisfaction. TSP
continues its commitment to customers by providing a 3-year local warranty.
BIV/b produk merek Toshiba (selanjutnya disebut “Produk”) dari Toshiba Singapore Pte Ltd
(Selanjutnya disebut“TSP”). Grup perusahaan Toshiba (selanjutnya disebut
“Toshiba”) adalah pemimpin dunia dalam hal komputer bergerak, dikenal
berteknologi tinggi dan memiliki perhatian yang luar biasa pada desain detailnya. Toshiba berkomitmen pada produk bermutu dan
menjamin kepuasan pelanggan pada tingkat tertinggi. TSP melanjutkan komitmen pada pelanggan tersebut dengan menyediakan garansi lokal selama 3 tahun.
The words “selanjutnya disebut” in data point 6/TT/BIV/b indicates that
there were adjustments of ST into TT, to make it easier for readers of the
Table 7.2
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
8 8/ST/SS EAV/c
Service, repairs or replacement made necessary by accident, misuse,abuse, moisture,
liquids, dust, dirt, neglect, damage, improper installation, improper operation, improper cleaning, improper maintenance, normal wear and tear, or any other event, act or omission, outside the control of TSP.
8/TT/ BIV/c
Servis, perbaikan atau pergantian yang dilakukan akibat kecelakaan penyalahgunaan,
penggunaan tidak pantas, kelembaban,ketumpahan cairan, debu, kotoran, terabaikan, kerusakan, salah dalam pemasangan, salah dalam
pengoperasian, salah dalam pembersihan, salah dalam perawatan, aus dan sobekan, atau keadaan yang lain, tindakan atau kelalaian diluar kendali TSP.
The words “abuse” and “liquids” in Source data points had several
meanings, but by connecting with the context of the Target Text and
characteristics of the word, the writer’s intent is known. In this case, the
definition of the word “abuse” according to Oxford Dictionary is “the
