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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF TITLE……….. i
PAGE OF APPROVAL………... ii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY………. iii
MOTTO………. iv
DEDICATION……….. v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……….... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS……… viii
LIST OF TABLES……….. xii
LIST OF FIGURES……… xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES……… xiv
ABSTRACT………... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study……… 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem……… 4
1.3 Scope of the Study………. 4
1.4 Objective of the Study……… 5
1.5 Significance of the Study……… 5
1.6 Thesis Organization……… 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Communication………. 9
2.2 Spoken Language………. 12
2.3 Casual Conversation………. 14
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2.5 Phatic Communication……… 17
2.6 Native and Non-native English Speakers……… 29
2.7 Language and Culture……….. 33
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design………. 35
3.2 Unit of Analysis……….. 35
3.3 Source of Data……… 36
3.4 Technique of Data Collection………. 37
3.5 Techniques of Data Analysis……….. 37
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Findings of Phatic Communication among Indonesian and Foreigner Speakers in English Casual Conversation…. 39 4.2 Discussion of Phatic Communication……… 46
4.2.1 Topics of Phatic Communication among Indonesian and Foreigner Speakers in English Casual Conversation……… 46
4.2.1.9 Introduction………. 58
4.2.1.10 Domicile……….. 60
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4.2.1.12 Food……… 61
4.2.1.13 Ability………. 62
4.2.1.14 Comparison………. 63
4.2.1.15 Duration……….. 64
4.2.1.16 Hobby………. 66
4.2.1.17 Activity………... 67
4.2.1.18 Asking Agreement……….. 68
4.2.1.18.1 Opening……….. 68
4.2.1.18.2 Closing……… 69
4.2.1.19 Movie………... 70
4.2.1.20 Politic………... 70
4.2.1.21 Partner……….. 71
4.2.2 The Functions and Interpretations of Phatic Communication……….. 72
4.2.3.1 To Sustain or Keep the Talk……….. 72
4.2.3.2 To Make Chit-Chat……… 74
4.2.3.2.1 Opening………... 74
4.2.3.2.2 Middle or Content……… 76
4.2.3.2.3 Closing……….. 78
4.2.3.3 To Express Solidarity………... 79
4.2.3.4 To Express Friendship………. 81
4.2.3.5 To Express Hospitality……… 82
4.2.3.6 To Break the Silence……… 84
4.2.3.7 To Make Gossip……….. 86
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4.2.3.7.2 Middle or Content…………. 87
4.2.3.7.3 Closing………... 87
4.2.3.8 To Create Harmony………. 88
4.2.3.9 To Create Comfort……….. 89
4.2.3.10 To Start the Talk……… 90
4.2.3.11 To Express Empathy………. 91
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……… 93
5.1 Conclusion………. 93
5.2 Suggestion………. 94
BIBLIOGRAPHY………... 95