A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
IN
THE HOBBIT : THE BATTLE OF THE FIVE ARMIES
INTO
PERTEMPURAN LIMA TENTARA
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requrements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in Department of English Education
by:
VERNANDA AYU SAPUTRI
A 320 120 284
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
A SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES IN
THE
HOBBIT: THE BATTLE OF THE FIVE ARMIES
INTO PERTEMPURAN
LIMA TENTARA
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe-tipe kalimat perintah
dalam penerjemahannya dan untuk mendeskripsikan sesuai dan tidaksesuainya kalimat yang
terdapat dalam kalimat perintah dengan penerjemahnya dalam film
The Hobbit: The Battle of
The Five Armies.
Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dari metode ini, peneliti
menggunakan film
The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies
sebagai sumber data, dan datanya
adalah kalimat-kalimat perintah. Peneliti menggunakan observasi untuk mengumpulkan data.
Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan metode perbandingan. Hasil dari penelitian
ini menunjukan bahwa pertama, peneliti menemukan 325 data yang termasuk dalam kalimat
perintah dan ada 4 tipe kalimat perintah, antara lain (1) kalimat perintah tanpa subjek terdiri
dari 200 data atau 61,54%, (2) kalimat perintah dengan subjek terdiri dari 103 data atau
31,70%, (3) kalimat perintah dengan kata biarkan atau ijinkan terdiri dari 4 data atau 1,23%,
(4) kalimat perintah yang negatif terdiri dari 18 data atau 5,53%. Hasil yang kedua, peneliti
menemukan 1.258data yang termasuk kesesuaian dalam penerjemahan, ada 1.203 data atau
95,63% yang termasuk penerjemahan yang sesuai dan ada 55 data atau 4,37% termasuk
dalam ketidak sesuaian penerjemahan. Jadi penerjemahan dari film
The Hobbit: The Battle of
The Five Armies
ini baik.
Kata kunci: terjemahan, kalimat perintah, kesesuaian, ketidak sesuaian.
Abstracts
The objectives of this study are to classify the types of imperative sentence in
subtitling and to describe the equivalence and non equivalenece of the imperative sentence
with the target language in
The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies
movie.The researcher
employs descriptive qualitative method. By this method, the researcher uses the subtitling of
The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies
as the source data, and the data are imperative
sentences. The researcher uses observation in collecting data. The collected data are analyzed
by comparison method.The results of this research paper show that first, the researcher finds
325 data of imperative sentences and there are 4 types of imperative sentence, namely (1)
imperative sentence without subject consisting 200 data or 61,54%, (2) imperative sentence
with subject consisiting 103 data or 31,70%, (3) imperative sentence with let consisting 4 data
or 1,23%, (4) negative imperative sentence consisting 18 data or 5,53%. The second, the
researcher finds 1.258 data of equivalent subtitling, there are 1.203 data or 95,63% belongs to
equivalent subtitling and 55 data or 4,37% belongs to non equivalent subtitling. So, the
translation of subtitling
The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies
is good.
Keywords: subtitling, imperative sentence, equivalence, non equivalence.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Subtitles are the written versions of the conversation or dialogue which occur in the movie. This subtitle ussualy written at the bottom of the screen. Hassanpour (2011) states that “subtitling is the written translation of the spoken language (source language) of a television program or film into the language of the viewing audience (the target language); the translated text usually appears in two lines at the foot of the screen simultaneously with
the dialogue or narration in the source language.” The purpose of subtitling is to help the audience enjoy the movie. Subtitling not only useful for those who do not understand the spoken language but also those who hard to hear and having trouble of hearing or deaf.
Another thing which make subtitling become a complex task because subtitling always involves two languages, the source ang the target language, which must have so many differences. Ginory and Scimone (1995: 11) state that “ The origin language is called source language (SL) while the language a text to be transferred is called target language (TL).” Catford (1965: 20) difines translation as “the replacement of textual material is one language (SL) by equivalent material in another language (TL).” The different linguistic system can cause some problem for a subtitler. The problem faced by subtitler in subtitling process can eventually cause the inaccurate, unacceptable, or unreadable subtitling.
Sentences are generally classified into two ways, by number of formal predications and by types. The sentences classified by the number of formal predictions are; simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, and compound-complex sentence. Whereas sentences classified by the types are; declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence, and imperative sentence (Frank, 1972: 220)here, the writer classified by the types. Subtitling that derived from the conversation occurs in the movie consist of many kind of sentence types, such as declarative sentence, interrogattive sentence, and exclamatory sentence. Type of the sentence uses in subtitling must be in well form, in order the message of the movie is not lost. And the type of the sentence must be grammatically correct. This research will deal with the imperative sentence. Imperative sentence is a sentence that gives a command, direction or request. Imperative sentence consists only of predicate with verb in infinitive form. The implied subject is “you”. Sometimes, the imperative sentence ends in exclamation mark. So it is interested thing for the researcher to analyze imperative sentences. Beside that the use of imperative forms occur in daily conversation.
According to Levinson (2000:5) states that prgamatics is the study of language usage. Pragmatic focuses on the meaning of utterance of rather than the meaning of the sentence. While Kreidler (1998: 18) he states that pragmatics is another branch of linguistics that is concerned with meaning. Based on description, pragmatics is the study of relationship between laanguage and people who used them. It is the stage of linguistics decipline dealing with the psychal data of speech, meaning and context of the utterances.
From the whole definition above, it can be inffered that pragamatics is the study of speaker meaning considering the context and how the language is used.
According to Searle (in Levinson 1976: 240) that there are just five basics of action that one can perform in speaking, by means of the following five types of utterances, namely respresentatives, directives, commisives, expressives, declarations.
According to Hellen J.Lever (2000: 30), subtitles can be defined as „transcription of film or TV dialogue, presented simultaneously on the screen‟. Hendrik Gottlieb describes it as vertical „in the sense that it involves taking speech down in writing, changing mode but not language‟. Interlingual subtitling , on the other hand, refers to both a change in mode and language, going „form one language into another language, and from spoken dialogue into a written, condensed transalation which appears on the screen.‟
The movie that the researcher observed is The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies moviedirectedby Petter Jackson. The researcher wants to search the imperative sentences in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies. The data are sentences containing imperative sentence. The imperative sentences which are in subtitling of The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie. The method of collecting data is observation method. Subtitling containing imperative sentence as the example:
1. Utterance (SL) : Come here! Subtitling (TL) : Kemari !
The imperative sentence above on number 1 starts with the word come as a verb; it indicated that the sentence is imperative. The subject (you) does not appear in sentence above, so it belongs to imperative sentence without subject.
2. Utterance (SL) : You be quite! Subtitling (TL) : Kau diamlah!
The imperative sentence above on number 2 starts with the word you as a subject: it indicated that the sentence called imperative sentece with subject, because the subject (you) does appear in the sentence above.
The objectives of study are to clarify the types of imperative sentences and its subtitling found in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie and to describe the equivalence of imperative sentences with the target language in The Hobbit: The Batlle Batlle of The Five Armies and its subtitle.
The previous study shows that the writer‟s research paper is different from the other researchers, there are four previous studies from the other researchers.
The first study conducted by Hardika (UMS, 2010) entitled “ An Analysis of Imperative Sentences of Iron Man 3 Movie and Their Subtitling”. The objectives of this study are to describe the types of imperative sentence in subtitling, and to describe the equivalence and non equivalence of imperative sentence with the target language in Iron Man 3 movie. The writer employs descriptive qualitative method. By this method, the writer uses the subtitling of Iron Man 3 movie as the source data, and the data are imperative sentence. The writer uses observation in collecting the data. The collected data are analyzed by comparison method.
The results of this research paper show that first, the writer finds that there are 2 types of imperative sentence, namely; (1) positive imperative sentence consisting 165 data or 84. 62 %, (2) negative imperative sentence consisting 30 data or 15.38 %. The second, the writer finds that from 195 data, there are 175 data or 89.74 % belongs to equivalent subtitling and 20 data or 10.26 % belongs to non equivalent subtitling. So, the translation of subtitling Iron Man 3 is good.
2.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study uses descriptive qualitative method in purpose to identify and categorize the type of imperative sentence in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie and describe the equivalent and non-equivalent of subtitling in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie. Bodgan and Biklen (1992) state that qualitative research characterized by description in forms or words or sentences. Qualitative can be done through library and field research. It contains of description learning about subtitling imperative sentences that found in The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies. So, the research applied in this study is descriptive research. The object of the study is The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script. In this study uses documentation since the data source are document as the processing of method of collecting data after that analyze the type of imperative sentences and its subtitling. Then, the writer determines the most used form of imperative sentences and summerize the variations of subtitling occured as well as verifying the equivalent of subtitling.
3.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
From the analysis data, the researcher gets 325 data of imperative sentences, it can be
explain bellow:
a. The Type of Imperative Sentences
1. Imperative Sentence without Subject
In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the
researcher finds 200 or 61,54% data belongs to imperative sentence without
subject. The analysis of imperative sentence without subject is conveyed bellow:
ISWOS10 (V+adv) into ISWOSj (V+O+adv)
028/TBFA-PLT/2014
Utterance (SL) : Look! Down here!Now!
Subtitling (TL) : Lihatlah! Kebawah sini sekarang!
Look in this sentence is ISWOS10 which have V+adv form. The
imperative sentence above on data number 028 is a word look. It uses the form
infinitive of verb without to and ended with exclamation point (!). So, the sentence
indicates imperative sentence without subject. It is called V+adv form because verb
in this sentence followed by adv of place. In this sentence is a variation form of
ISOWS10 into ISWOSj. The sentence form is changed or in translation we called
structure shift, but it has equal meaning at all.
2. Imperative Sentence With Subject
In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher
finds 103 or 31,70% data belongs to imperative sentence with subject. The analysis
of imperative sentence with subject is conveyed bellow:
ISWS28(S+V+to.inf) into ISWSc (S+V)
001/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014
Utterance (SL) : You were supposed to leave!
Subtittling (TL) : Kau harus pergi !
The sentence above uses You + V2 + to.inf form , followed by object. This
sentence ended with exclamation, it indicates that the sentence is imperative
sentece. The using of I above means that Bard orders Bain to leave him becuase
those place is dangerous. The using of You means that the type of imperative
sentece above is imperative sentence with subject. In this sentence is a variation
form ISWS28 into ISWOSc. Though the sentence form changed, the meaning does
not change at all.
3. Imperative Sentence With Let
In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher
finds 4 or 1, 23% data belongs to imperative sentence without let. The analysis of
imperative sentence with let is conveyed bellow:
ISWL3 (V+O+V+O) into ISWLd (V+O+V+V+O)
808/TBFA-PLT/2014
Utterance (SL) : Let's give these bastards a good hammering!
Subtitling (TL) : Mari kita berikan pukulan pada keparat ini.
The datum above is indicated by the word let which is followed by us. This
imparative sentence uses let + us then followed by Verb 1 form and Object. In this
case, let+us means that the speaker orders the addressee to give a good hammering
to the Bastards. This sentence is a variant from ISWL3 into ISWLd. Though the
sentence form changed, the meaning is equal at all.
4. Negative Imperative Sentence
In The Hobbit: The Battle of The Five Armies movie script, the researcher
finds 18 or 5,53% data belongs to negative imperative sentence. The analysis of
negative imperative sentence is conveyed bellow:
NIS2 (Don‟t+V+O+V)into NISf (Don‟t+V+O+conj+O) 423/TBFA-PLT/2014
\ Utterance (SL) : Don‟t tell me what they have lost.
Subtitling (TL) :Jangan beritahu aku tentang kehilangan mereka.
The imperative sentence above uses don’t as the word interdiction. The
word don’t in that sentence is the someone‟s command to interdict the other to do
something, especially prohibition command. In this sentence the hearer or the second person doesn‟t mention again because it is considered understood. So,it can be concluded that based on the datum above is negative imperative sentence. In
this case is variant from NIS2 into NISb. Though the sentence form changed, the
meaning does not change at all.
b. Equivalent of Subtitling
They are divided into two indicators from 1258 data, then it is elaborated as
follows:
a. Equivalent
The analysis of equivalent subtitling is conveyed bellow:
011/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014
Utterance (SL) :Save all the gold! You heard him.
Subtitling (TL) : Simpan semua emasnya!Kalian dengar.
The target language above belongs to equivalent subtitle. It is because the
datum above shows that the target language (TL) is translated correctly. There is no
deletion or addition in the translation of the target langauge. Also the sentence is
translated into word by word. Though the sentence form changed, the meaning
does not change at all.
Based on the explanation above the data simpan semua emasnya. Can be
asssumed as equivalent subtitle.
029/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014
Utterance (SL) : Give me your hand!
Subtitling (TL) : Ulurkan tanganmu!
The datum above classifies as equivalent subtitle. It is so becacause the
datum shows that the target language (TL) is translated correctly. The subtitling of
imperative sentence above is considered to be equivalent because the subtitling is
not lost information from the sentence context. The target language is translated
into word by word. It can be seen both of source language or target language have
the same meaning. According to the analysis above, the subtitling ulurkan tanganmu
has been equivalent subtitle.
As conclusion, the researcher states that from 1258 data, there are 1203
data or 95,63% belong to equivalent subtitling, including the classification.
b. Non-equivalent
The following analysis of collected data are:
077/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014
Utterance (SL) : ..that would stand..
Subtitling (TL) : ..yang berani..
The subtitle above belongs to non-equivalent, the phrase that would stand is
transferred into yang berani. It belongs to non-equivalent because the first speaker
Tauriel asks to Bain who stand there, but English language that would stand!is
translated into yang berani.
Based on the fact is categorized as non-equivalent. The Indonesian
langauge should be “yang sedang berdiri” because the first sentence said who are you...
and the next sentence said you looks so pity. So, the sentence that would stand is
indicated as non-equivalent.
085/ TBFA-PLT/ 2014
Utterance (SL) : I answer to the likes of you..
Subtitling (TL) : daripada aku mematuhimu..
The target language of the datum is non-equivalent. It is because the
source language is not translated corectly. The subtitler is obscuring the message
because it does not give enough information about the meaning. The target
language is not suitable with the sentece context of the source language.
Based on the analysis above, the subtitling daripada aku mematuhimu,not
equivalent with the Source Language (SL). The target language should be
daripadaaku harus menyukuaimu.
As conclusion, the researcher states that from 1258 data, there are 55 data
or 4,37% belong to non-equivalent subtitling, including the classification.
4.
CONCLUSION
Based on the complete analysis and the previous chapter, the researcher may draw the following conclusions:
a. There are four types of imperative sentences found in subtitle of The Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie. They are imperative sentence without subject, imperative sentence with subject, imperative sentenec with let, negative imperative sentenece, From
325 data, there are 200 or 61,54% data belong to imperative sentence without subject, there are 38 variation forms of imperative sentence without subject from English form into Indonesian form: V+Prepo+adv into V+Adv, adv+V+Adv into Adv+Adv, Adj+O into Adj+V, N+V into V+O, V+Prepo into V+Adv,V+V, V+O+prepo into V+n, V+O+V into V+O, V+Prepo+O into V+adv, V+O, V+O+mod into V+O, V+adv+adv into V+adv, V+O+O into V+O, V+adv into V+V, V+V into adv+adv, V+Adj, V+O into adv+V, N+V+adv into N+V+O, adv+O+V into adv+V+O, V+conj+O into V+O, V+O+n+prepo+O into V+O+n, V+NP into V+O, Adv+V+O+O into Adv+V+O, VP+Conj+O into V+O, V+V.Ing into N+adv, V+N+V into V+V+N, V+N+VP into V+N+O, VP+to.inf+adv into VP+V+adv, V+O+Conj+Adv into V+O+Adv, V+n+Conj+ad into V+n+adv, N+V into V+N, Conj+adv+adv into adv+adv, V+V+O into V+adv, V+O+V.ing into V+O, V+O+V+VP intoV+O+V, V+O+artc+O intoV+O+O, V2+O+V+O into V+O+V+O+V, V+O+conj+O into V+O+O, V+O+to.inf into V+O+V, Prepo+adv into V+adv, V+prepo+V into V+V, 103 or 31,70% data belong to imperative sentence with subject there are 25 variant forms of imperative sentence with subject from English into Inonedia form: S+V+O+adv into S+V+V+adv, S+V+prepo into S+V, S+V+O, S+to.inf+O intoS+V+O, S+V, S+V+to.inf into S+V, S+V+V, S+V+O into S+V, S+prepo+O into S+V+O, S+V.ing into S+v, S+mod+V into S+V, S+V+adv into S+V, S+V+V+O into S+V+O, S+V+adv, S+n+V+to.inf into S+n+V, S+V+VP into S+V, S+mod+V+O+V+O into S+V+N+V+O, S+V+adv into S+V+O+adv, S+V3+V into S+V+V, S+VP into S+V, S+V+VP+adv into S+V+adv, S+VP+V into S+V+V, S+mod+V+O into S+V+O, S+V+NP into S+adv+N, S+V+V+O+N+O+V into S+V+O+V+O, S+mod+Adj into S+Adv+V, S+V2+O into S+V+O, S+V+O+S+mod into S+V+O+O, S+VO+VP into S+V+O+adv, 4 or 1,23% data belong to imperative sentence with let,there are 2 variant forms of imperative snetence with let from English into Indonesian form: V+O+V+O into V+O+V+V+O, V+O+V+O into V+Oand 18 or 5,53% data belong to negative imperative sentence. There are 5 variant forms of negative imperative sentence from English into Indonesian form: Don‟t+V+O+V into Don‟t V+O, Don‟t+V+O into Don‟t+V+O+V, Don‟t+V+O into Don‟t+V+V+O, Neg+mod+V into Don‟t+V+O,Don‟t+V+O+V into Don‟t+V+O+conj+V. The percentages show that imperative sentence without subject is the most dominant. It is so, because the speakers in the movie want to get more information.
b. There are 1224 data or 95, 63% are equivalent, while there are 55 data or 4,37% belong to non equivalent. From the preceded percentages, it can be concluded that the subtitling of imperative sentences found in The Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie into its subtitle is an equivalent subtitling.
From the data and anlysis found by the researcher about imperative sentenece on The Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie. It is conclude that the subtitling The Hobbit; The Battle of The Five Armies movie has equivalent and suitable with target language. It can be seen from the sentence context.
DEDICATION
This research paper is wholly dedicated to the greatest ones Allah SWT, her beloved mom, dad,, sisters, and friends.
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