THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE AND INNOVATIVE CHEMISTRY LEARNING MATERIAL O N THE
TEACHING OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
By:
Nova Sintya Siringoringo Reg. Number 4113332005
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the greatest praise and thanksfullness to the Almighty
Jesus Christ for His grace, merciful and blessing who always give strength, spirit,
health, joy and everything in helping and finishing the author to finish this thesis
well.
This thesis “The Development of Interactive and Innovative Chemistry Learning Material on The Teaching of Electrochemistry” had been arranged as the
requirement to get the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science in The State University of Medan.
In this opportunity, I would like to express the great appreciation to my
supervisor Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D, who has supported me
though out my thesis with his patiently and knowledge during the finishing
process of my thesis. My deepest gratitude is also to Drs. Wesley Hutabarat,
M.Sc, Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si, and Drs. Eddyanto, Ph.D as my examiner and
also to Drs. Rahmat Nauli, M.Si as my academic supervisor. Also my gratitude to
Prof. Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti, M.Si, Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, Dr.
Zainuddin Muchtar, M.Si, and Drs. Eddyanto, Ph.D, as the validator of the
interactive and innovative chemistry learning material on the topic of
electrochemistry. By their comment, correction, advices, guidance, and suggestion
this theis had been completely arranged.
Then, I would like to thank to Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc, Ph.D as the Dean
of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, to Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Binari
Manurung, M.Si as the Coordinator of Bilingual Study Program, to Dr. Iis Siti
Jahro as the Secretary of Bilingual Program, to Agus Kembaren, S.Si, M.Si as the
Head of Chemistry Department, to Drs. Ani Sutiani, M.Si as the Head of
Chemistry Education Program, to Drs. Marudut Sinaga, M.Si as the Head of
Chemistry Laboratory and all the staff of chemistry department such as sister Tya,
v
Bilingual Chemistry Class 2014 as my sample that help to standarization the
learning material.
I would like to express my hear-felt gratitude from the deepest of my heart
to my beloved parents, my greatest father T. Siringoringo, and to the most
beautiful and greatest woman, my mother D. Simatupang for their supports, love,
pray, motivation and careness and, to my beautiful sisters Meryana Siringoringo,
Amd and my handsome brother Chandra Siringoringo and Budi Wisanto
Siringoringo that always supported and helped me, all the time with their love to
do my best.
In my daily life in campus I have blessed with the presence of my best and
crazy partner ever Poppy Wulandari Sitanggang, Angeline Visca Panjaitan,
Haposan Silalahi, Debby Monica, Riris Tamba, Ruth Sari Panjaitan, Evina Sihite,
and Juwita Sitorus that give me wonderful moment that i have never forget. I
would like to say thanks to my best partner Liesa Afridhila that always with me
doing this research and my brother and sister Andri Situmorang, S.Pd and Vera
Manik, S.Pd that give me the pray, spirit, help, and support to make this thesis.
I am also grateful to the CESP 2011 family, that always solid and friendly
during study in this university. I greatly value our solidarity and friendship during
this 8 semester.
I also would like to express my grateful to my friends during PPL in
SMAN 2 LINTONGNIHUTA, you just like my family now to Nancy Alretni,
Lestari Sitio, Yolanda Bangun, Rony Hasibuan, Jonni Sitorus, Aprita Simbolon
Jasmen Sihotang, Frederick Pandiangan, Ricki Tampubolon and Partogi Hutapea,
thanks to all my students in SMAN 2 LINTONGNIHUTA which has helped me
in PPL with spirit to learn and hospitality during I teached in there.
I am also grateful to IKBKK for all my brothers and sister. Last but not
least, thanks to my best friend from senior high school, Welsa Manihuruk, Ivana
Christy Tampubolon and Widya Nanda Tampubolon that give me the pray and
vi
I have already done this thesis with my best, but still needed the
suggestion from reader in order to make it better. I hope this thesis can be useful
and giving contribution to reader and especially in education.
Medan, July 2015,
Writer,
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE AND INNOVATIVE OF CHEMISTRY LEARNING MATERIAL ON THE TEACHING OF
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Nova Sintya Siringoringo (Reg.Number : 4113332005) ABSTRACT
vii
LIST OF CONTENTS
Page
Legalization Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Contents vii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
List of Appendix xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background 1
1.2. The Problem Identification 4
1.3. The Problem Formulation 5
1.4. The Problem Limitation 5
1.5. Research Objectives 6
1.6. Research Benefits 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY
2.1. Defenition of Media 8
2.2. Functions and Benefits of Learning Media 9
2.3. Types of Learning Media 9
2.4. Definition of Learning Materials 10
2.4.1. Types of Learning Materials 11
2.4.2. Procedures of Learning Material 12
2.4.3. Functions of Learning Material 12
2.5. Multimedia in Learning Chemistry 14
viii
2.6. The Learning Material as a media 16
2.7. Interactive of Learning Materials 17
2.8. Innovative of Learning Material 18
2.9. Electrochemistry 18
2.9.1. Standard electrode potential 19
2.9.2. Electrochemistry Cell 21
2.9.2.1. Definition of Standard Cells of DGL 22 2.9.2.2. Determination DGL Cells and Gibbs Free Energy 23
2.9.3. Battery 24
2.9.4. Corrosion 25
2.9.4.1. Iron corrosion 25
2.9.4.2. Corrosion of common metals 26
2.9.4.3. Prevention of corrosion 27
2.10. Electrolysis 27
2.10.1. Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride 27
2.10.2. Electrolysis of water 28
2.10.3. Electrolysis of aqueous solutions 29
2.10.4. Electrolysis of a solution of sodium chloride 29
2.11. Conceptual Framework 31
2.12. Hypothesis Presenting 31
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
3.1. Location and Time of Research 32
3.2. Population and Sample of Research 32
3.3. Research Instrument 32
3.4. Research Design 33
ix
3.6. Data Collection Technique 36
3.7. Data Analysis Technique 36
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. The Survey of General Chemistry Textbooks 39 4.2. The Descriptive Analysis General Chemistry Books 44 4.3. Development of Interactive and Innovative Chemistry
Learning Material 51
4.4. Standardization of Chemistry Learning Material 54 4.5. The Descriptive Question for Descriptive Analysis of
Chemistry Learning Material 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion 60
5.2 Suggestion 61
x
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1. Criteria for the validity of the analysis of the average score calculation results that obtained from a questionnaire
distributed to the validator experts and students. 38
Table 4.1. Description of General Chemistry Textbook Who Used by Students On Topic Discussion Acid Base For Reference Materials In Making Innovative and Interactive Chemistry
Learning Materials 40
Table 4.2. Average Percentage Feasibility Content, Content Extention,
Depth Content, Compliance Design And Language To
Book That Analyzed By Researchers 45
Table 4.3. Description of Development of Chemistry Learning
Materials Integrated with Innovation and Interactive
Learning On Topic Electrochemistry in General 52
Table 4.4. The performance of interactive and innovative chemistry
learning material based on the respondents opinion. The
number is the average value based on the opinion of expert
judgments of Chemistry Lecturers (L) and response from
University Students (S). 55
Table 4.5. Descriptive Analysis of Chemistry Learning Material
xi
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1. Galvanic and Electrolysis Cell 21
Figure 2.2. The electrochemical cell without salt bridge and (b) the salt bridge 21
Figure 3.1. Research Procedure to Acquire Interactive and Innovation Learning Material on The Topic of Electrochemistry 35
xii
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Interactive and Innovative Chemistry Learning Material
on The Teaching of Electrochemistry
Appendix 2. Syllabus
Appendix 3. Questionnaire for Trial The Innovative and Interactive
Chemistry Learning material on The Topic Electrochemistry
Appendix 4.1. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code A
Appendix 4.2. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code B
Appendix 4.3. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code C
Appendix 4.4. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code D
Appendix 4.5. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code E
Appendix 4.6. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code F
Appendix 4.7. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code G
Appendix 4.8. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code H
Appendix 4.9. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code I
Appendix 4.10. Analysis of General Chemistry Textbook Code J
Appendix 5. The Questionnaire Result of The Interactive and Innovative
Chemistry Learning Material on The Topic of
Electrochemistry Standarization by Lecturer
Appendix 6. The Questionnaire Result of The Interactive and Innovative
Chemistry Learning Material on The Topic of
Electrochemistry Standarization by Students
Appendix 7. The Questionnaire Result of The Interactive and Innovative
Chemistry Learning Material on The Topic of
Electrochemistry Standarization by Lecturers and Student
Appendix 8. Descriptive Analysis Of Standardized Learning Materials
Appendix 9. Research Documentation
Appendix 10. Letter of Administration
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background
The development of interactive and innovative chemistry learning material
is very important. Interactive learning material can motivate student to learn and
make the student active in the process of learning and teaching and Innovative
learning material would help the student to learn chemistry easily.
One way to improve people's lives, have to have an education and will be
better when education ended at the university because education is the foundation
to develop in accordance with the capabilities available to it. But, education in
Indonesian is problematic because of quality is still low. Based on a survey
conducted by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), to quality of education in developing countries in Asia Pacific,
Indonesian ranks 10 (ten) out of 14 (fourteen) countries, while quality of teachers,
Indonesian at level of 14 (fourteen) from the 14 (fourteen) of developing countries
(http://van88.wordpress.com/makalah-permasalahan-pendidikan-di-indoseia/).
However, the government is trying best way to improve quality of education, one
of them at the university. Improve the quality of education can be conducted
continuously through conventional (traditional) or development of interactive and
innovative. Interactive effect on process of educational innovation
(http://murniathie99.wordpress.com/2013/05/04/inovasi-pendidikan/).
One of improve the quality of education is to develop an interactive and
innovation on learning materials used in process of teaching and learning in
classroom in order to learning materials be qualified. Development of interactive
and innovation on learning materials is very interest to be discussed because of
learning materials that qualified can improve comprehension and ability university
students. Especially to meet quality of learning materials used students at the State
University of Medan. Therefore, creation of learning materials are necessary to
2
consideration accurately where learning materials not only as a source of learning,
but has a particular classification. Based on classification that’s, lectures choose
which is material will be presented in materials preparation planning in order to
achieve of teaching objectives have been formulated previously.
Learning media is a part that can’t be separated and it’s integration of the
learning is used. University students need learning media as learning resources are
used as learning materials to help them understand and appreciate the chemistry
lesson. Learning media as a learning resource that is used in college is a book, is
still traditional. Books used university students are still less interactive and
innovation so boring and just focus on center of the lecture. Learning media
become one of factors for interest in learning and learning success in achieving
predetermined competencies. Learning media will be developed into a learning
media based e-learning. According to Manihar and Andry (2014), the utilization
of information technology, multimedia and e-learning for learning through online
facilities have been able to push learning shift from conventional learning to
independently learning so as to facilitate university students to learn not only
depends on lecture but it comes from yourself. E-learning is a learning process
(learning) use/exploit information and Communication Technology (ICT) as tools
that can be available whenever and wherever needed, so as to come over the
constraints of space and time (Sutanta, 2009). Thus, learning materials will be
developed in electronic and print form learning materials, create a link to a video
or animation or tutorial website that provides an interactive learning so university
students make easier to receive and access lessons.
According to Tomlisonin (I Wayan Dirgayasa., 2013) learning material
refers to anything which is used by lectures or learners to facilitate learning and
teaching can obviously be cassettes, video, CD-ROM, dictionaries, workbooks,
photocopied exercises, newspapers, or instructions both of print and non print
given by teachers, etc. One of the efforts to reduce saturation of learning in
students is to develop learning materials to make it more interactive and
3
pour the ability and knowledge. According to Hamdani in (Rudyanto, 2009) If it
doesn’t have ability to develop teaching materials are varied, teachers will be
stuck in a monotonous learning situation sand tend to be boring for students. Good
learning materials must be able to present learning materials in accordance with
the demands of the curriculum, follow any developments in science and
technology in order to achieve a predetermined competencies (Jippes, etc., 2010)
in (Manihar and Novalina, 2012), therefore of preparation of learning materials
quality is needed to help students to learn and fulfill needs of students to learning
dependently.
The reality is shown, student’s chemistry learning materials quality is still
lacking. It can be seen from the learning materials use dare still elusive, learned
and less used when students learn independently. This is due to the presentation of
the material that is not attractive, less systematic and tedious to read the learning
materials. Some of the requirements to make learning materials as a source of
learning, namely the availability of which can be reached by learners, can help
university students learn independently, and facilitate in the learning materials are
complete and self-contained.
Chemistry is lesson that very important because it is founding our daily
lives. But chemistry is still very difficult to study by students and as well as
university students. In college, because books are abstract, general chemistry
textbooks supplied is limited where limited in discussing each sub subject per
topic especially electrochemical or even those topics are not described in detail,
there are subtopics that are not described or loaded, loaded pickup only which is
made without regard to be writing, design and language that used so it is not
visible or less attractive and not or less loaded resource to support the material in
the book so when the university students were given the task about this topic,
university student seek potluck without learn until most university students were
not seriously studied or even when presenting the task an dare just looking fora
4
without making the book become interesting and learning process only focused on
faculty.
In college, electrochemistry learned in general chemistry in college.
Electrochemistry topic is one of subtopics in basic chemistry. Electrochemistry
studies Voltaic cells, standard electrode potential, electrolysis cell and corrosion.,
Electrochemistry material analysis is one of materials that are abstract and have a
fairly high degree of difficulty to understand students (Iqma., Oktavia., and
Neena., 2014).According to Arsani (in Iqma., Oktavia., and Neena., 2014), also
assume that the electrochemistry material is considered as one of materials that
are difficult to learn both of learner and lecture. This is because the delivery is so
fast, lack of practice questions in acid base materials, as well as the lack of
interaction with classmates because only centered learning to lecturer (Rasmawan,
2009).
Based on above description, steps need to be taken by researcher are
creating chemistry teaching materials. Chemistry learning materials in form of
learning material compiled by researcher to help provide clear and systematic
information to students so that learning material can be media in the process of
learning and teaching. Researcher developed learning material with
electrochemistry as subject matter. So it is necessary to conduct research entitled “The Development of Interactive and Innovative of Chemistry Learning Material on The Teaching of Electrochemistry”.
1.2Problem Identification
Based on the above background, there are some problems can be
identified in this research, as follows :
1. The arrangement of chemistry topic electrochemistry to order it is
suited to the common curriculum.
2. Prepare an innovative and interactive chemistry learning material on
the topic of electrochemistry in order the teaching and learning process
5
3. Develop an interactive learning material on the teaching of
electrochemistry to make the student to be motivated to get involve in
the learning activity.
4. Make innovation can be made on to the learning material of
electrochemistry in order the student can easily to study chemistry
5. Standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
provided by BSNP.
1.3Problem Formulation
Based on the background that has been stated previously, then
problem formulation in this research is:
1. How the arrangement of chemistry topic electrochemistry to order it is
suited to the common curriculum?
2. How to prepare an interactive and innovative chemistry learning
material on the topic of electrochemistry in order the teaching and
learning process can be proceeded optimum?
3. How to develop an interactive learning material on the teaching of
electrochemistry to make the student to be motivated to get involve in
the learning activity?
4. What kind of innovation can be made on to the learning material of
electrochemistry in order the student can easily to study chemistry?
5. How to standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
provided by BSNP?
1.4Problem Limitation
From the above problem formulation, that the problem limitation in
order not to deviate from research objective, are:
1. Learning media that used in this research is a learning material.
2. Analyzing the General Chemistry textbook used in The State
6
3. Create and preparation of interactive and innovative learning material
will be developed from General Chemistry textbook used in The State
University of Medan.
4. Review and revise of learning material that developed interactively and
innovatively by lecture’s chemistry.
5. Development of interactive and innovative chemistry learning material
only to standardization of learning material stage, not up to the
implementation stage
1.5Research Objectives:
The objective of this research is to facilitate the understanding of
students in study of electrochemistry. The specific objective have been
achieved in this research, are following:
1. To arrangement of chemistry topic electrochemistry to order it is suited
to the common curriculum.
2. To prepare an interactive and innovative chemistry learning material
on the topic of electrochemistry in order the teaching and learning
process can be proceeded optimum.
3. To develop an interactive learning material on the teaching of
electrochemistry to make the student to be motivated to get involve in
the learning activity.
4. To know what kind of innovation can be made on to the learning
material of electrochemistry in order the student can easily to study
chemistry.
5. To Standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard
provided by BSNP.
1.6Research Benefits
The results of this study, it is expected to provide benefits for researcher,
7
increase the researcher’s knowledge on analyze textbooks, create, preparation and
develop an interactive and innovative learning material on the topic of
Electrochemistry. For university student can improve understanding and activity
of university student in the process of learning and teaching and capable improve
interest them to use learning material when learn independently, and for lecturers
are provide input and information as well as assist in the delivery and provide of
60
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion
Based on the research results from development of interactive and innovation learning materials on the topics electrochemistry conducted at the University, it can be concluded that:
1. For arrangement of chemistry topic electrochemistry to order it is suited to
the common curriculum where curriculum that used was curriculum in The
State University of Medan where researcher conducted research. On
analysis of ten books and arrangement electrochemistry topic to develop
interactive and innovative become learning material, have to suited dengan
curriculum in The State University of Medan
2. For prepare an interactive and innovative chemistry learning material on
the topic of electrochemistry in order the teaching and learning process can
be proceeded optimum, the first was conducted a survey of general
chemistry books that used in The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences State University of Medan and general chemistry other than out
of from The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences State University
of Medan and analysis of books until obtained advantages from each book,
that used to prepare interactive and innovative chemistry learning material.
3. For develop an interactive learning material on the teaching of
electrochemistry was packaged illustration, figures to support chemistry
materials, added concept maps, example and key answer of questions,
exercises and key answer to solve the problems, sheet laboratory
experiments and its videos, integrated in a link (website address) that was
relevant to be able to access the videos and its video where these video for
interactive learning.
4. Kind of innovation can be made on to the learning material of
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innovation ofchemistry learning material is done by integrating interactive
learning media, information technology, and combine media in a CD
interactive learning. The whole contents of book was made into an
electronic book (flipbook) and it is stored in form of soft copy
5. The Standarization of learning material that was conducted by chemistry
lecture as expert in the chemistry topic and also university student in The
State University of Medan got the positive response with point that given
is 3.65.
5.2 Suggestion
Based on the above conclusions, there are some suggestion that the authors
suggest:
1. For the users of learning material in general and especially for lecture and
teacher chemistry, should check overall chemistry learning material for
more attention to composition of matter that systematic and feasibility
standards so that no more users books that do not meet the feasiblity
standards according to the BSNP.
2. For next researcher, the development of this learning materials that
conducted with do study trial so that known effectiveness oflearning
62
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