A WOMAN'S RIGHTS TO GET BETTER EDUCATION IN A BORDER PASSAGE BY LEILA AHMED: A FEMINIST STUDY.

A

WoDan's

Righrs to

cet

Bettq

Eduoation

i.

A Border

Parsaee

by

lf,itr

Ahned:

A

lemidsL

Study.

A

THISIS

Submiftn

in

p,ni.l

Fu

filLtror b

rhe

RquiMm!

lor rh.

D.Ee

orseie

s,#

LIDYA PREIT|VI

8P.06985029

English DepartmeDf

Faculty

of

L€ttels

-

Aodrhs

Ubiversity

prdrng

ABSTRAK

Ddm

p€nelitid

ini p€nulis

nengsalis

_{karra Leila Ahhed, yaitu}

A Boder

Passe.

A

Boder

Pssaqe adalah sebuah

nemon (autobiogafi)

kntos

seorang tokoh yane bcm@a Lcila.

'lokoh ini tmbuh

dalm kelEga tmg

n6ih

menjunjung

nil,i

nilai

I'arrirky

yana mcmbuat

kedudukm

wlnilalebih

rendah

ddi

pria

terutlm

dalan

kelulrgaibutrya,

Beidrsrk.n

ddk yrns

di

drpat

ddi nenon

ini

terdapar isu reminis

nenseu

pada

hal

untuk

toendalarkd pendidike

ydg

baik diperoleh

LeilaAhmed

dalam 2

6p€k.

yaitur

dengd

pendidiksn

sks

mendapa(m

pekedm

dd

sektor publik

ydg

baik.

Dalan

nmbana

kryr

sta

ini,

penulis menggunakan

Fndekabn ek$resif ol.h

MH.Abms

dm

k

tik

s4Ea

leninis

oleh Elaine Showdlrer

Dllan

hsl ini pcnulis

nchgeuatd

rcori Elaine Shosaller yaitu

w

ila

scbaeai

penulh, yakni

gynocdiics.

Yan!

$embahas

basaim

apenulispMit

nenggmbtrks

inage

wi|a

di

dalm

kary!

srE

Eebutdenean

mcpobaikd

I

ksempaEn

te6ebut.

Pe.ulis

n€ngsunakan

pcncliid kepu6latd

dalad

lensumpultr

buku'buku

db

rlerosi yus

b€rkaih

d€nso loptk

anatisis.

Kenudim

dildjulke

densan netode

luolitatif u.tuk mengmbil

kulipan-kulipm

ydg

mendlkun!

alisa

penllh,

I I6i1

Lsebul dipapdke

nelaldi

netode

deskiprit

Selelah

penelili

ini

dislceikm,

penulG menemuhn b3nwa

dslan

karya Lcita Ahmed

ini

menyueaktu

tentang

hal

hrt

wmira

untuk

mendapa&m

pcndidike

ydg

lebih

_baik. Melalui

pendidiko s{amtidak

l

gsung

wanib bhalertetas

dsisisr€m

patriarki yrng rerdrpur

ddd

keludssya.

Disini

bila

mendpilktr

hal

te6ebu!

petu4

Leila

nenckok

supald

wanira

bie

nend4atkan

pendidikan

yd8

_{layak untuk nengbnskar dcBjarnya sendiri supdyd}

lidak

lemsn

di

maro

loli-leki.

Melaluipendidik

ini

smila

aka. mcndopa&d

r€terj$

yn8

mdmbuat dcrajar mereka

ema

di

mar.laki-takidd

ketuardari

shrd

pat iarki

y3.g

sudah

tda

CIIAPTER

1

1,1 Th€

B$ksroud

ol

rb€

RMrch

Fen'nis

is

voma's

movenent

to slru$l€

in

setins

equal rights

dd

position lo man.

leFinist dis

novenenl

6nes

frm

f&t

that womch

@

oppGsed.

Mo@ve(

reoi.ist

criticim

i.

lir€mnn

app€d

fion

the

lrci thd

posnion

of

obso su

or

criiics

re

doninated by

nen,

As

Baly

in

his book enlitled Beqinnine

Th6tu

An

htodu.lion

to

Litew ed

Cultnl Tb6n

states

tha! "in

fi€

ndy

works

pEse.t yonan

s

the

nm

dl€oe,

but

nost

of$n

always

pesenr

no's

domimtion"

1l2l)-

FurlhemoF,

feninist

qitios

wet

to

delhc

deir

om

neld,

particultrly in

litemry

crilicisn

lhot discusses oboul this issue

md

usually tne

wofts

e

b6ed

on

6eir

oM

peDFcrive.

reminin

likmD

cnhcrs

iq

lileey

works

thDugh

women poinls

of

views

6

the

Bult

ol

developm€.t

sone.

lile

lik€ rutobiosmphy or mehoir ih a

lil$ry

wo*.

The

wile.

ch@ses A aorder pdsaEe

mitl€n

by Leila

Ah6ed

r€lling abour

o

Eslptia

wons

or Leila s

m€noir

6

e

objecq

beeus

6rsi,lhis

ndoir

implies

One

oI

the

mite6

rho

opply the

feninist

ida

in their work is

t-ila

Ahned.

Sh€ is

e

EglTtim

ad lsnEr

of

wond's

Studi€s

in

Masrnuetts.

The

{ay of

she

exprses

ids

in

work

bosd

on her

peso.al

exrEriences. One

of

her

no$

pop

d

works is

A

Bodd

Pseqe.

a

nemoir

which

lelb

iet

drinss

aiout

the

soBd

opDortunities

in

ondilion

of

patriehal

lalue paniculely

in

Elisio.

the side

ofRonm\

dgh|s

to

_epi beuer eduootion

in

@ndition

of

patrilFhal

value

still

adheEd ih

r.ih's

mothq

fmily,

Al

lhal

tihe,

the

equl

dght did

qisl

b

hr

ftorhers

fmily

Enains

holdins on the

polridcnol

valuc.

whilc

in inc

@

B.y

to hcr

notheas feith, Leila's rrther suppons the eqDal

ight

betwen

ne.

d

wmen-Ssndy,

this

menon aho d€liveB

aboul

lhe

inequlity of

gcnder

6clqs

nen

dd

women that

*ee

appercd

in

t€m

of

eduetion,

job md

public

tule

which

leila

muld

nol acquirc

caily

baause she

nust

live 6glinsl the r'adnional role

in

her

moth€ls

lamily

by

bFting

the tule that

h6

exisred

dd

enbaced

by

tEr nother's

lamily

lnlhk

memoi! Leile blunlly shows

wom&

opporlunities to b€ an intelleotual

Md

educational

wom

d€spite the @ndilion

ofpntiNhal

value wnioh

till

odhq€d

The 161

60r

th€

witer

choosB rhis lopic

md

work

b.euse

$is nenoir

is

Mittd

by

wohan's adho!

dd

b€.dF

this is rhe real exp€ri.nce or lrue story ot lhe

a!$or he6en Tnmud

this m€moi..

&.

{iter

6

obseNe how ihe

ki6

d

wnu

d*rib€s

the woman

d

nain

cha@ler in

h6

nenon.

I

na*es rhe

{ite.

is awde

or

$e

somelono

ior

6pRialb

inthelnonfi*o

ink'tr\mmon

Leila

M

bon

ftom lhe

upper

cl6s

family. In

A

Bord€r

pssq€

m€mon Leila tells bow she pu^ued her goal ro be

d

educrtiobal

dd

intellectu.t

wohm

in the middle

ofa

shohg

pEtriecbal

value thar sritt

adheed

i.

h€r

noth€fs

&mity

Ddpile

ths fact

of

mo,lm

eF

ed

rhe

&ct of d€cEsins

_sender

div€6ity,

in

fa€t,

palrlehal

value

siill

existed

ib

Leila's molher fdmity, but

Lrila

sented

to

shate her

CII.APTER

IV

CONCI,USION

A

BorderPaseqe is d

nenonwittcn

bv L'eila

Ahmc'i

in

1999 This

nleNoir

leth

hos

ihc E&vP1id

somd

pusued her

dreds

to bc inlellectual and educational Leila

Ahhcd

shows bv gcttine enu@Ion rhai nrslcs rvomen

cln

lei

a good

j{ib

'nd

good public role that makes women

en

go outside

lon

Paridchal

val06

cannot bc achieved

b!

he.

nodcr's

woman

la'rilv

nemb&

such as nro0rerr

gm'dnoihcri

and aunts. Shc has

io

deal

with

various obsbclcs 10 achicve

rll

oi

nghts

thd

sho wants

The

$dggle lo

be on

i.lelleciuJ

dd

edustionll somrn

must go

tbroug[

a lor

ot

erons.

some

olwhich

is

bv brcakiDg thc rule

or livcs

ourside

fron ihc

pahiarchrl

rule that

inhcrendt

dheres

in hcr

morhcas believe that is

woncn

nust

bc

p$sive

and

subnissivc

sd

makins

hen

s

supe!.r

thd

qoncn

lthoush

lcila

is

not

opprcssed

bl

han

directly bul

she

h

oppressed

by

lhc

rulci

or svsr'ms

in

her

molheas

rmily

thol is rundmcntalisl

islm

bt

Egedine

man as

sLFio.

ald

il

seems like unfair tirr

Ronan.

ln

anal,zins this

Esedr.h

rhc

wtitct

locuscs

on

rltce

poinls,

fiEt

in

rh.

prkiarchal

religious intcrpEtation by seekins out

women

d €ducalior tnen

wohen

dd

work.

As lhc

rcsult

womcn

rolc in

educarion

md

*o

(

rhat

liv6

und€r the

pabidchal religion

3re

srill

m.re

inlerior

io

mcr.

Bccause peoFle

beliel in

thd

positio.

is regardetl &s

!

second scx such in

gilinaopinion.

coEplaint,

serncnl

sd

work. h

n

diincun

for

dcn

ro leale the

l€dilional

tub

tnal

ir

Erendy

a.tEres

in the

sociolt

Lr

mMl

yer^

because

ii

sems like iigrained forrhem

and.te

lhc so.iely

Morcover, thc circumsbnccs whcn thcy

lile

did not suppon rhc

wohen

in serlinellE

equal rieht.

Thus.lhc socict!

will

look

dom

lor

so(en

opposire aDd

beaking

rhe

Sccond,

lhc

writer

rocuses on rhc

loft

ofthe

sle6tjpcs

.l

worrei

in

jis

mchon

who

liye

unde.

pafiNhal

thar makes thc slcrcortpcd

of

rvo'n6

exisred in

ihk

toemoir in

reins

ofsubmissivc

(rilling

10

subnn or

sho{ira

such

inclimtnrn)

md pa$ive

(dre form olexpressiod rhar iJ

incdcdivc

orambitiout.

Hcre, jn

remr.f

subnisive,

lhe

womcn

in

bla\

nother

!rc

bore

dependsnl on

nale rotci

i,r dris

case

isthe

_{Bmndfadcr. Trris condition naLes} the

yomen

in t,etts

snrothotobeome

inferior and regard

ncn

d

supedorsuch

6

g@dfalher Md

husband in

family

Thcn,

i.

pasivc

lcm,

women becomc unmolivared woeen

b

rsch

lndn.pponuniries

as

it

h rcflected in the

behaviorolwonen

fanily

nember in

Leitr.s

moiher

tmily

The

l$t,

the

aritd

r.cuses

on

women.s

opponlnilies

to tive

oubide patriarchal rule

s

found

in

A

Border Paseqe.

L.ila

Ahmed docs

nor

wdt

lo

b.

$ereolpcd

as a strbnissive

md

passive

wohm

such

s

her

toolhels

fmily,

so shc get

thou8h

lie

all

ol oplortuniiies

10 reach the opponunity

lo

bc

eqDt

in

iem

of

ourideollherulc.Alihough leib

beakthe

te in he.

morhq

fimity rRditionll

ru le

and deais

rvi$

sone

conhdicrion

frcn

her mother

fmily,

s6e

fim|y

succccns to

prove to her

noilrer lanily

thar womcn dese8e equiLy

h

ma

y snccts

oflifc

such

!r

to bc inrellectual and educatiomt _{woman and arc not onty resp.nsibte}

a6.ur

wom$

domcsiic

iury

ar homc.

rn

the orhcr

hdd

sociery

and

ar the rinre

rcita

tives,

cely

20rh

ccnturt.

is

rhelimcwh.n

the

condnior

alreadt

c.n

slFflrert

tcila

to

mako sojne

molcmcnts

$

rharher

lirmily can acccpr he. and

belietcteeodc.

equir!.

From all

olrhe

rnatysisabove, thc

witcs

coictudes rtrxL

A

Bo.iqrp$saEck

cl.scttr

rotrrei

wirh

cyn{Eriris

thcory since

ir h

wriring made

b}

tr

qM&,

h

lhh

wfiting.

*omcn

s represenl

lhc

fremoir

about thc author

serqd

erperiene.

Lcila

Ahmed

N

a

fcnale

&thor

hd

succeened Ecounling

ier

_llemonat

c$cricnc.

in

her

iifethrough

rhisnemo;.

shede

suppoA

rhe

feninisr

idarn

lnismcndir.

in

lhhh

sJrc ponmys the couBeeous women

r.

_brcak

or

tjve

_ouiside

psria.chat

rutes. She

shows her stftre8y to _{gain indepondencc by gening educdnrn thar nakes}

romen

c&

gel _{a Eood}

job

_{and public mte makins them}

ch

ao

oukidc

raom

paridchat

values

rhsl

inhercnt

by

women.

In

lne

orher

hand,

palriehy

uses

a el,sion

th.r

js

fundafrenralisr

Islam

_as

a

_ptace

to

_{make womcn}

ro

b.

iiterior

ro

Bibliogdphy:

bdns.

M

H.

r'he

Mircr

on

$e

LMp:

Ronutic

Theo

d

Cnlical

Tpditio..

NewYork:oxford

UniveNiry

PEs.l9?6.

Abdulotit

hsue

Konienmre.

Pcminpin

wanib

D.lan

Islam.

2m9

{nline-htrp://ww!.nail-dchive.ontpal

ta@ninds.mbunel.o4y'nsql0780.htnl

hmed, Leila. A Borde! Paseee. NeN

Yoik

I Penguin

Croup

1999.

\rexudE.

Leila Ahmed,

On

Becomino

Arab,

200a

-online-hno/us.bcnninqrouo.com/sbtic/reuideVus6order

p$see.hln,.

Ameli!.

Dvi

Putri. Place- Displacenent

ed

ldcmit!

in

A

Bod$

Pssegq-E!-Lqil!

Ahned: PosL.lonial Stldv.

Podans:

Andals Unive6iq.

2009

(Unpublished).

Women

oooodunities

definirion

hno://lnehiv€.modbee.contnode/l 8408

Cml

whv

Wonen Need lne Gdldess. 19?6<rnline

hLlp://M.Boddc$ariadne.oE/whlavomennccnthc8oddcas.htn

Bory,

Pete..

Beei..inq Theofl

A

.

NewYork:

M

cbester Un

iveany Pres.

1 995.

Bre$ler,

Chales

E,

Lneld

cnticisn

m

intoduclion

ad

Practice,

2nd

ld.New

Jesey: Prcnlice

Hall.199.

Chislier.

Hislory

olwoncn

in

Eg$rian

life.2006{nline-http://rm1sh.€o!

eslEn/Woms/HOWonerVHislory/l0Ol

01000O0000U)01.

Ei n sten,

H6ter

Conrem

porrv

Fen in ist Thou

!ht.

London I Ur win Paperback. I 9 8,1.

Gcllar,

Ldua.

women

dd

Patrimhal Relicion.

?010

online.

L1h!

_\ubp@es

odl

'b

wnrel

r

d Pd.riaNl'a-r(e

i-'or.

Guerin,

Willftd

L,

er.all.

A

Hddbook

ol

Crhical Abpmqci€S

to

l?it€!!tur!.4'

Ed

New York:

OxfodUnilmit!

Piess. I966.

K&en,

Nadra.

whal

h

a Stereotwe. 2010

{nlinc

-httpt/Eerelslions about.con/odunde^lddinEacl/a/WutI$Srereorvpc

hLm

Krisd

l^lqELdPaEillehd-$qiE!!.

2006

{nl

inc-hnpi/

peakingofaith

publicradio.org/ptugrhs/nuslimwomedkricsjounol

s

Le ila Hessin i Slrateqies of resislarcc:

vonen

contesin q

klm

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noven.nb

_{in ihe}