i ABSTRACT
PRASETYO, CHRISTIAN RAMA YUDHA. The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Poe’s “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah” Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.
Translating a literary work is not easy. There are many methods and strategies. There are many words, phrases, and sentences that cannot be directly translated. A good method is needed to translate a text, because a method can influence the result of translation. Therefore, it can be assumed that a good method in translating will result a good translation which can be understood by the reader.
The thesis explores the readability of the Indonesian version of the gothic terms in “The Masque of The Red Death”. It also analyzes the methods applied the most in the translation of gothic terms based on Hervey and Higgins’ translation methods, they are exoticism, cultural borrowing, calque, communicative translation, and cultural transplantation.
The research is qualitative, conducting both field and library research to collect the data needed.
ii ABSTRAK
PRASETYO, CHRISTIAN RAMA YUDHA. The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.
Menerjemahkan sebuah karya sastra tidak mudah, ada banyak metode dan strategi. Banyak kata-kata, frase dan kalimat yang tidak dapat diterjemahkan secara langsung. Metode yang tepat dibutuhkan untuk menerjemahkan sebuah teks, karena metode dapat mempengaruhi hasil dari terjemahan, sehingga dapat di asumsikan bahwa dengan metode penerjemahan yang tepat dapat menghasilkan terjemahan yang baik dan mudah dipahami oleh pembaca.
Penelitian ini meneliti tingkat keterbacaan dari terjemahan istilah-istilah gotik dalam cerita “The Masque of The Red Death”. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis metode penerjemahan yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah-istilah gotik tersebut berdasarkan metode penerjemahan milik Hervey dan Higgins; yaitu exoticism, cultural borrowing, calque, communicative translation, dan cultural transplantation.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yang menggabungkan studi lapangan dan studi pustaka dengan tujuan mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian.
i
THE METHODS IN TRANSLATING GOTHIC CONTEXT
IN
POE’S
“
THE MASQUE OF THE RED DEATH
”
INTO
“
SETAN MERAH
”
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
In English Letters
By
CHRISTIAN RAMA YUDHA PRASETYO
Student Number: 104214035
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
vi
Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery,
and today is a gift of God, which is why we
call it the present.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank my Jesus Christ for his blessing on me in
the whole process of my undergraduate thesis writing.
My grateful thanks are expressed to my great advisor, Harris Hermansyah
S., S.S., M.Hum. who spent his time to help me finish this undergraduate thesis
with his all bright suggestions. My grateful thanks are also expressed to Anna
Fitriati, S.Pd., M.Hum. as my co-advisor during the second process of this thesis
writing. I also want to thank all lecturers of English Letters Department USD for
all knowledge they had given to me during my study period in Sanata Dharma
University. This gratitude is also addressed to Faculty of Letters staff for helping
me during this process.
Furthermore, I would like to give grateful thanks to my beloved parents and
Irene Fitria Rosita Wardani for such great supports, prayers, care, and love; to my
mother who always reminds me to pray for my success, and to my father who
always gives supports and reminds me of this thesis. I also want to thank both of
my sisters for their time and supports to me. And certainly, my great gratitude is
addressed for all my friends, especially those from 2010 class for supporting me
and becoming my discussion buddies during my undergraduate thesis writing.
May God bless and give grace to us all.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ... i
APPROVAL PAGE ... ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYAILMIAH ... iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ... v
a. Translation method by Peter Newmark ... 8
b. Translation method by Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins ... 9
i. Exoticism ... 10
ii. Cultural borrowing ... 11
iii. Calque ... 11
iv. Communicative translation ... 12
v. Cultural transplantation ... 12
ix
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 22
A. The Readability of The Gothic Terms in “Setan Merah” ... 23
1. Readable ... 23
2. Quite Readable... 32
3. Not Readable ... 36
B. The Method Applied in Translating Gothic Terms ... 38
1. Exoticism Method ... 38
2. Communicative Method ... 39
3. Calque ... 42
4. Cultural Transplantation ... 43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ... 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 47
APPENDICES ... 49
Appendix 1: Table of Data ... 49
Appendix 2: Readability Assessment Questionaire ... 57
x
ABSTRACT
PRASETYO, CHRISTIAN RAMA YUDHA. The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Poe’s “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah” Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.
Translating a literary work is not easy. There are many methods and strategies. There are many words, phrases, and sentences that cannot be directly translated. A good method is needed to translate a text, because a method can influence the result of translation. Therefore, it can be assumed that a good method in translating will result a good translation which can be understood by the reader.
The thesis explores the readability of the Indonesian version of the gothic terms in “The Masque of The Red Death”. It also analyzes the methods applied the most in the translation of gothic terms based on Hervey and Higgins‟ translation methods, they are exoticism, cultural borrowing, calque, communicative translation, and cultural transplantation.
The research is qualitative, conducting both field and library research to collect the data needed.
xi
ABSTRAK
PRASETYO, CHRISTIAN RAMA YUDHA. The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Masque of The Red Death” into
“Setan Merah”. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.
Menerjemahkan sebuah karya sastra tidak mudah, ada banyak metode dan strategi. Banyak kata-kata, frase dan kalimat yang tidak dapat diterjemahkan secara langsung. Metode yang tepat dibutuhkan untuk menerjemahkan sebuah teks, karena metode dapat mempengaruhi hasil dari terjemahan, sehingga dapat di asumsikan bahwa dengan metode penerjemahan yang tepat dapat menghasilkan terjemahan yang baik dan mudah dipahami oleh pembaca.
Penelitian ini meneliti tingkat keterbacaan dari terjemahan istilah-istilah gotik dalam cerita “The Masque of The Red Death”. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis metode penerjemahan yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah-istilah gotik tersebut berdasarkan metode penerjemahan milik Hervey dan Higgins; yaitu exoticism, cultural borrowing, calque, communicative translation, dan cultural transplantation.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yang menggabungkan studi lapangan dan studi pustaka dengan tujuan mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian.
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Novel, short story, and poem are examples of literary works. Reading a
literary work is interesting because people can easily learn about different cultures
from other countries, but the problem is that most of literary works are written in
foreign language. To read those literary works in our own language, we need to
translate those literary works. Therefore, translation is an important thing to
deliver the message from source language (SL) to target language (TL).
To deliver message from one language to another language, translation has a
responsibility to disseminate many kind of literary works into another language.
Specifically in literary work, translation deals with not only words, phrases, and
sentences but also culture, society, and knowledge. Therefore, a translation
process is not easy to be done.
To understand a story, a reader of fiction must know the meaning of the
story. Therefore, as a translator, understanding and knowing the idea of the story
and what the author wants to say through the story is a must. The translator may
not forget to deliver the idea without reducing, or change the message of the text
in the process of translating into another language.
There is an interesting issue in translating a text, especially a fiction that has
complex sentences and specific terms. When translating a literary text, a translator
Because literary works are created artistically by increasing the difficulty and
length of perception (Huang, 2011:14).
One of the American writers who usually use complex sentences and
specific terms is Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe is well-known as a gothic
writer. He wrote many short stories and poems, a text of play and a novel. His
fiction is commonly an allusion from his own life. His experience about life which
is complicated made his work full of terror, “provide with murky psychodrama
and extreme conflict” (Miller, 1962: 372-373).
One of Edgar Allan Poe‟s short storiesis “The Masque of The Red Death”
which has been translated into Indonesian as “Setan Merah”. In the story, there
are many words, phrases, and sentences which describe gothic. Gothic are Poe‟s
speciality to describe a horror or something terrible in his story. Poe‟s “The
Masque of The Red Death” is an allegory about life, death and powerlessness of
human to evade the grip of death. Based on the context of Poe‟s short story, the
use of words or phrases such as the redness and the horror of blood is to give a
feeling that the story is full of terror and horror. Translating a fiction story that
uses specific terms will give positive effects, but sometimes it will make the
reader confused because of their unfamiliarity.
To know how a fiction story with specific context is translated well in target
language (TL), this thesis tries to analyze the translation methods that are applied
in the Poe‟s short story “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. A
result of translation. Therefore, it can be assumed that a right method in
translating will result a good translation which can be understood by the reader.
In order to get a same feeling from ST to TT, a translator have to know the
cultural background, because gothic terms that appear in ST may not be translated
into TT because of the cultures different. Gothic originally was applied to a tribe
of Germanic barbarians, and this term became associated with ghost stories and
horror novel because early gothic novels were associated with Middle Ages.
The gothic terms that appear in Poe‟s short story are interesting to analyze,
because there are different perceptions when translating gothic terms to
Indonesian culture with the “Gothic” in Western culture.
The differences between Indonesian cultures with Western cultures
highlight the translation methods applied in translating the gothic terms into
Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, choosing the right method to make a close
equivalent in translating a translation is an important thing, because it can avoid
misunderstanding.
The readability of the translation gothic terms in Poe‟s “The Masque of
The Red Death” into “Setan Merah” is also analyzed in this research in order to
know how readable the translation is.
B. Problem Formulation
The problems are formulated as follows.
1. How is the readability of the translation gothic terms in Poe‟s “The Masque
2. What methods are applied the most in the translation of gothic terms in “The
Masque of The Red Death”?
C. Objectives of Study
The first research problem is to find out the readability of the gothic terms in
Poe‟s “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. The second research
problem is to find out the translation methods applied in the Indonesian translation
“The Masque of The Red Death” to reveal what methods are applied in order to
achieve equivalent effect in the translation process of “The Masque of The Red
Death” from English to Indonesian.
D. Definition of Terms
Translation is defined translation as the expression in target language of
what has been expressed in source language, preserving semantics and stylistics
equivalence (Bell, 1991:5-6).
Translation Method/Strategies is the translator‟s overall “game-plan”,
consisting of a set of strategic decisions taken after an initial reading of the ST,
but before starting detailed translation of it (Hervey and Higgins, 2002:6).
Gothic according to Merriam–Webster, gothic is relating to a style in writing
that describes strange or frightening events that take place in mysterious places.
(Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gothic). Based
on the context of Poe‟s short story which happened in the Middle Ages, phrases,
words, sentences which are describing strange thing or frightening events and
According to Literary Terms and Definition, gothic became associated with
ghost stories and horror novels because early gothic novels were often associated
with the Middle Ages.
(Literary Terms and Definition. http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_G.html.)
Readability, Dale and Chall said that “Readability is the sum total (including
the ons) of all those elements within a given piece of printed material that affects
6
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter covers the review of related studies and the review of related
theories that shows the relevance of the writers‟s research. There are two related
studies that discussed, the first is Yemima Anggraeni Pribadi in her undergraduate
thesis “The Study of Translation Methods in Translating Wizardry Terms in J.K
Rowling‟s Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret (2013). The second is Yoana
Gita Pradnya Lengari in her undergraduate thesis “The Accuracy, Acceptability,
and Translation Strategies of Indonesian Metaphors Translation in Twilight”
(2012).
A. Review of Related Studies
Pribadi in her undergraduate thesis “The Study of Translation Methods in
Translating Wizardry Terms in J.K Rowling‟s Harry Potter and The Chamber of
Secret (2013) analysed the SL and TL text to find out whether the results of
translation of J.K Rowling‟s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret are having
equivalent effect or not. Then she also analyzed the methods used in translating
the wizardry terms and clasify them.
The difference between Pribadi‟s undergraduate thesis and this research is the
focus of the study, in this research the focus is on analyzing the method in
translating the gothic terms and the readability of the gothic terms.
Lengari in her undergraduate thesis “The Accuracy, Acceptability, and
analysed how accurate and acceptable the translation of metaphors found in
Twilight translation, and also what strategies are applied in translating the
metaphors in order to be accurate and acceptable by using Larson‟s theory. There
are differences between Lengari‟s undergraduate thesis and this research, in this
research, the researcher analyzed the readability in order to know how readable
the translation of gothic terms, and also analyzed the methods used in translating
gothic terms by using Hervey and Higgins‟ theory.
B. Review of Related Theories
To support the analysis, some theories are reviewed in this part. The theories
are theory of translation, translation methods, and readability.
1. Theory of Translation
According to Newmark (1981:136) translation is demonstrably a science
when one is handling terms of art that have accepted equivalent and terms where
one has to find the nearest possible equivalent.
Hatim and Munday (2004:3) are also defined translation as the first sense
focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text (ST) and
turning it into a text in another language (TT).
Bell (1991:5-6) defines translation as the expression in target language of
what has been expressed in source language, preserving semantics and stylistics
equivalence. It is replacement of a text in one language by representation of an
language into target language. Target language should have same meaning with
the source language so that it does not lead to misunderstanding.
Hatim and Munday (2004:40-41) state that the attitude to translatability and
comprehensibility has given rise to dynamic equivalence or formal equivalence.
Formal equivalence is a relation which involves the purely formal replacement of
one word of phrase in the SL by another in the TL. Formal equivalence is not
same as literal translation because literal translation tend to preserve formal
features while a formal translation is formal features that preserved only the text
carry contextual valuees that become part of overall text meaning.
2. The Theory of Translation Methods
a. Translation method by Peter Newmark
According to Newmark (1981), there are two methods of translation, first is
communicative translation and second is semantic translation.
There are wide differences between communicative translation and semantic
translation. Communicative translation attempt to produce on its readers an effect
as close as posible to that obtained on the readers of the original while semantic
translation attempts to render, as cloesely as the semantic and syntactic structures
of the SL. Not only that communicative translation try to make the thought of
cultural content of the original easier to understand to the readers while the
semantic translation remains within the original culture.
Communicative translation is smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct, more
Semantic translation is more complex, awkward, detailed, concentrated, and
pursue the thought-processes rather than the intention of transmitter.
Most of non literary writing, journalism, informative articles and books,
textbooks, reports, scientific and technological writing, propaganda, publicity, and
popular fiction represent typical material for communicative translation. For
semantic translation, is represented in contents such as philosophical, religious,
political, scientific, technical and literary. Those contents are represented as
semantic translation because it needs to be translated semantically
(Newmark,1981:44).
Newmark also stated that a translation can be more or less semantic – more or
less communicative – even a particular section or sentence can be treated more
communicatively or less semantically (1981:40).
b. Translation method by Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins
Some methods from Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins will be used in this
research. In their book, they explained about translation methods that related with
the cultural term. They mention some various kinds of cultural transposition
which can be alternative to analyze Source Language (SL)-biased literal
translation. It means that as a translator tool, cultural transposition can suppress
the cultural elements of the source text to make space for the cultural elements of
the target text. Some degree of cultural transposition that involves the choice of
features original to the Target Language (TL) and the target culture in preference
„foreignness‟ or the specific term in the TL. In some extents, it is „naturalizing‟
into the TL and its cultural setting. (2002:33)
The various degree of cultural transposition can be visualized as points along
a scale. It starts between the extremes of exoticism which mostly based on source
culture and the other part is cultural transplantation which is mostly based on on
the target culture.
Exoticism
Cultural
Borrowing Calque
Communicative
Translation
Cultural
Transplantation
(Hervey et al, 2002:33)
i. Exoticism
Exoticism is a part of literal translations which has the extreme option in
indicating cultural foreignness in a TL. A TL is translated in exotic manner to
convey the signals of the exotic source culture and its cultural strangeness. It is a
choice to import the linguistic and cultural features from SL to TL. In this process,
the adaptation is rarely used to maintain the cultural foreignness. The result here is
that foreign features remained in the TL. The only possible advantage of the literal
translation is its exoticism, but this advantage is cancelled by two things: the
obscurity of the TL and the lack of contextual meaning. If there were good
reasons for preserving the exoticism, one could diminish these advantages by
indirectly signaling in the TL (2002:34). For example, I want to check this file
translated into berkas but to give an exotic nuance, the word file is still translated
into file.
ii. Cultural borrowing
The method is particularly to transfer a SL expression faithfully into the TL.
The translator will choose it when it shows impossible to find a suitable TL
expression of original for translating the SL expression. A vital condition of
cultural borrowing is that the textual context of the TL should make the meaning
of the borrowed expression clear.
Cultural borrowing will be most frequent in text on history or social or
political matters, where the simplest solution is to give a definition of term like
„departement‟, or „pre-revolution‟ „parlement‟ and then to use the SL word in the
TT (Hervey et al, 2002:36). Furthermore, when the term of SL has already passed
into the TL without significant change of meaning, the constituting standard
conventional equivalents of the SL borrowed. In this case, the translator may use
significant decision of the TL which equivalent to the SL.
For example, demokrasi, bank, and gender. Those words are borrowed and
sometimes are naturalized.
iii. Calque
Calque is an expression that consists of TL words and is acceptable as TL
syntax, but is unidiomatic in the TL because it is modeled on the structure of an
SL expression. In essence, calque is a form of literal translation. A bad calque is
imitating ST features to the point of being ungrammatical in the TL, while a good
offending against the grammar of the TL. Furthermore, some calqued expressions
become standard TL cultural equivalent of the SL. For example are French „poids
moucche‟, calqued on English „flyweight‟; French-Canadian „bienvennue‟ calque
in English „you‟re welcome‟. Like all forms of cultural borrowing, calque shows
signs of a certain degree of exoticism, bringing into the TL the cultural
foreignness and strangeness of the source cultures (Hervey et al, 2002:35).
Another example of calque, everytime I say good bye to you, I die a little which is
translated into setiap kali aku mengucapkan selamat tinggal kepadamu, aku mati
sedikit. This translation is like word to word translation.
iv. Communicative translation
It is different from cultural borrowing since the translator may choose for
communicative translation. This is often necessary to transfer culturally
conventional principle where a literal rendering would be inappropriate. For
example, many proverbs, idioms, and clichés have readily expressed
communication equivalents in the TL. It can be assumed that communicative
translation is appropriate in the context because it render the situational impact
with the TL expression (2002:37). For example, it is raining cats and dogs which
is translated into Hujan sangat lebat.
v. Cultural transplantation
Cultural transplantation is the opposite end of level from exoticism which is
the extreme from of all translation, but more like adaptations. The whole part in
SL is transplanted into the rewritten expressions of TL. However, on certain
the TT strange, cultural transplantation maybe considered as a serious option.
Normal translation seems avoid the two levels of exoticism and cultural
transplantation. (Hervey et al, 2002:34). For example, in Lafontaine‟s fable, fox is
substituted as kancil, and keju is substituted as dendeng.
3. Theory of Readability
According to Sakri in Nababan (1999:62) readability is derajat kemudahan
sebuah tulisan untuk dipahami maksudnya (the degree of facilitation of a written
text to be understood and read, my translation) and a same definition also stated
by Richard in Nababan (1999:62) “how easily written material can be read and
understood”. But, on those statement there is no reader‟s participation, since to
know that a translation is readable or not, it must be a reader who assess the text,
so Dale and Chall in Nababan (1999:63) state that readability, the sum total
(including the ons) of all those elements within a given piece of printed material
that affects the success a group of readers have with it.
Participation of the readers to assess the readability of a text is an important
thing, because the purpose of translating a text is to be read by the reader.
According to Nababan‟s in “Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan” In
Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa there are indicators of readability assessment that is
used.
Table 2.1. Readability Indicator
Score Readability Indicators
1 The TT text is easy to understand.
“M.R. Nababan, "Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan", Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa. 54-65” (with Modification)
Table 2.2. Readability‟s Score Category
Score Readability Category 1-1.6 Readable 1.7-2.3 Quite readable 2.4 – 3 Not readable
“M.R. Nababan, "Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan", Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa. 54-65” (with Modification)
The researcher used Nababan‟s indicators of readability because it is simple
and easy to be applied. It is also suitable because it can be applied to measure the
phrases or sentences. In readability, the respondent are just asked to choose the
score between ranges 1-3, 1 is for readable translation, 2 is for a quite readable
translation, and 3 is for not readable translation. The score range results from the
average score obtained from the respondent.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this research, the researcher discussed two problems related to the theories
and studies by using the theory of translation, translation methods and readability.
The first problem formulation focuses on the readability of translation gothic
terms in Poe‟s “The Masque of The Red Death”. The problem will be answered
using the Nababan‟s theory of readability and it is completed by the studies on
translation strategies from two undergraduate theses.
Nababan‟s instrument is used to measure how readable the translation of
readability of gothic translation, this research focus on how the Newmark‟s
methods or Hervey and Higgins‟ methods are applied in translating gothic terms
from English into Indonesian. The theories of translation method are applied in
this undergraduate thesis in order to analyze what methods are used in translating
Poe‟s “The Masque of The Red Death”.
The review of related studies provides the source to the researcher about the
researches that have been done before, which is related to the topic that the
16
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Areas of Research
The area of this research is text analysis and translation. The analysis of
translated texts involves the textual comparison of a translation with its original
(Williams and Chesterman, 2002:6). The focus on this research is the analysis of
readability and the methods of translation in translating the gothic terms. The
readability analysis is used to examine how readable translation text of gothic
terms. Analyzing the methods of translation applied in translating the gothic terms
are used to know what kind of methods that are used by translator to translate the
gothic terms.
B. Object of the Study
The object of this study is gothic term from Poe‟s short story titled “The
Masque of The Red Death” and the Indonesian translation “Setan Merah”.
The focus of this analysis is the gothic terms appearing in the story. Gothic
term could be word, phrase, or sentences. First part of the analysis will be about
the readability of the Indonesian translation “Setan Merah”, in order to determine
the terms are readable or not. Second part of the analysis will be about the
translation methods that are used by translator to translate Poe‟s short story “The
Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah”.
C. Method of the Study
The library research and field research were employed. The library research is
support the analysis in this thesis. The field research is used to find out the
readability of the translation through the questionnaire and analyze the method of
translation. Respondents are needed to assess the readability of the translation.
D. Research Procedure
1. Types of Data
a. Objective Data
Objective data are taken from the source text (ST) and target text (TT). This
thesis has two data as its objects. The first is gothic terms taken from Tales of
Edgar Allan Poe published by Random House Of New York. The book contains of twenty seven Poe‟s stories and 561 pages. The story that is used as source text
in this research is “The Masque of The Red Death”. “The Masque of The Red
Death” contains 8 pages. There are 37 data that are collected from Poe‟s short
story “The Masque of The Red Death”. The second object is the gothic terms
taken from Kisah - Kisah Tengah Malam which ispublished by Gramedia Pustaka
Utama in 2010. The book contains of fourteen translated story of Edgar Allan
Poe, one of them is “Setan Merah” which is used as target text..
The data of gothic terms consist of words, phrases, or sentences. Based on the
context of Poe‟s short story which happened in the Middle Ages, phrases, words,
sentences which are describing strange thing or frightening events are called as
gothic terms. The data from ST are listed and compared with Indonesian
translation or target text (TT), then the data from TT is used to make a
questionnaire that will be given to the respondent. The data is stated in complete
b. Affective Data
Affective data are taken from the readers, respondents or both. These data
might be garnered from the questionnaires, interviews, observation, and focused
group discussion.
The survey research was used in this thesis to collect the affective data from
respondent. The data were used to keep validity of the data. People who like
reading a novel or short story or prose, especially Edgar Allan Poe‟s work was
chosen to assess the readability of the translation. There were nine respondents
that assessed the readability questionnaire. The respondents were the students of
English Letters Department, Sanata Dharma University who were in 8 semesters
or year of 2010. Since there were four classes in the year of 2010, 2 students of
each class were selected to assess the questionnaires. One respondent was selected
from the tutors of structure class. The respondents were chosen because they have
a good grade of the course in literature and linguistics.
2. Data Collection
The data in this thesis were taken from the text and questionnaires. The data
of gothic terms in “The Masque of The Red Death” were chosen as the main
source. The data were taken from all pages in “The Masque of The Red Death”
from the whole story randomly. The main data were the words, phrases or
sentences that related with gothic terms. All the gothic terms in “The Masque of
The Red Death” and “Setan Merah” were highlighted to help the writer
highligting the data. The data in the sentences that have been highlighted were
and TT would be analyzed in the next part. This could be useful in the analysis
because the translation of those words and the differences can be seen clearly.
Code Source Text Code Target Text
3/ST/TMOTRD
The scarlet stains upon the body especially upon the face of the victim were pest ban which shut him out from the aid and from the sympathy of this fellow men.
3/TT/SM
The data which were collected were also used to assess the the readability of
translation. The questionnaires were open-ended, meaning that the respondent did
not only choice some options but also were given opportunity to give comments.
No Code Target Text
Score
1 2 3
1. 1/TT/SM Tidak ada wabah penyakit lain yang
lebih fatal, ataupun lebih mengerikan. Komentar:
Several respondents were chosen to give their score and suggestion or
3. Population and Sample
The population of the data was gothic terms that consist of words, phrases or
sentences in Poe‟s works “The Masque of The Red Death” or its translation
“Setan Merah”. From 8 pages in “The Masque of The Red Death”, 37 data that
were collected were related to gothic terms. Those data were used to assess the
readability and to find the methods applied in translating “The Masque of The
Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. Since there were only 37 data, no samples were
taken. All the population were analyzed.
4. Data Analysis
The affective data from the questionnaire assessed by respondents were
accumulated in order to get the total score. After getting total score, the average
score of the data is counted in order to get the final score of the readability.
The assessment on the readability of “Setan Merah” involved nine
respondents who are the students of English Letters Department of year 2010,
Sanata Dharma University. Here are the examples of the analysis.
No Code Target Text Score
3. 3/TT/SM
Merah darah menodai tubuh dan wajah para korban, seolah menjadi tanda khusus agar mereka dikucilkan oleh masyarakat umum, tidak diberi pertolongan sama sekali.
1.3
The data 3/TT/SM is considered as readable, whereas some respondents
considered it as quite readable. Some respondents think that the use of the word
darah” can be interpreted as a blood which is stain upon the body or a color of red
which like a blood stain upon the body.
Code Source Text Target Text Translation Method 20/TT/
SM
Be sure they were
grotesque.
Pastikan karakter kalian
mengerikan.
Communicative translation
The term „grotesque‟ according to Oxford dictionary means „ugly or absurd
in offensive way‟. Because Poe‟s works are well-known with a gothic, the
translator is trying in his or her language to make it feel same with the original by
translating the word „grotesque‟into mengerikan rather than translate it into aneh
22
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this chapter, the problems formulated in chapter I are discussed. As stated
in chapter I, there are two problems analyzed and discussed. The first part
discussed the readability of gothic terms in “Setan Merah”. The research moved
into second part that discussed the methods applied in translating gothic terms in
Poe‟s short story “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. The result
of the data collection is discussed and analyzed in this chapter.
The readability analysis of gothic terms in “Setan Merah” is examined by
distributing the questionnaires to the selected TT readers. It is done to find out the
readability of each data and the whole data. The result of each data is elaborated
to find the translation of gothic terms in “Setan Merah” is readable or not by
displaying the readability rating and analyzing the data before the elaboration of
the data itself.
In the second step, the analysis based on the gothic terms and the translation
methods applied in translating gothic terms in “The Masque of The Red Death” as
the ST and “Setan Merah” as the TT. To analyze the methods applied in
translating “The Masque of The Red Death” into “Setan Merah” the translation
method by Newmark and Hervey and Higgins are used here. The result of the
analysis in the readability and the methods applied in translating the text is
elaborates to find the methods applied in translating the text is easy to understand
A. The Readability of The Gothic Terms in “Setan Merah”
The first discussion of the analysis is to answer the first problem, which is
how readable the translation of gothic terms in Poe‟s “The Masque of The Red
Death” into “Setan Merah”. As explained in method of the study, the assessment
of readability involved nine respondents who are the students of English Letters
Department, Sanata Dharma University. The score of each data which was given
by respondents were accumulated in order to get the total score. The average score
of each data was counted in order to get the final score of the data.
The instrument that was used to assess the readability is a modification of
Nababan‟s indicators. There were 1-3 scale options in the readability instrument.
Each scale was indicated by some criteria. The indicators can be seen in the
chapter II.
From 8 pages in “The Masque of The Red Death” there were 37 data that
were collected related to gothic terms. The score showed that from 37 data there
were 27 data which were readable, 9 data which were quite readable and 1 data
which was not readable. The overall average score for the data collection on
readability assessment was 1.35 that was categorized as readable. Here is the
discussion of the data.
1. Readable
The score of readable refers to Nababan‟s instrument is 1.0 to 1.6. It means
that all data which have score 1.0 to 1.6 are categorized as readable. From twenty
five data scored 1.2, five data scored 1.3, 2 data scored 1.4, and 1 data scored 1.6.
Here is the chart of the readable data.
The discussion of readable data is explained in the following.
No Code Target Text Score
4. 4/TT/SM
Namun Pangeran Prospero adalah orang yang ceria, tak kenal rasa takut, dan
bijaksana.
1.0
The data 4/TT/SM has score 1.0 which means all respondents give score 1,
all of the respondents can understand clearly because the phrase and the word
ceria, tak kenal rasa takut dan bijaksana is so familiar. It is common in our
perception that a prince has characters like that.
No Code Target Text Score
6. 6/TT/SM Gereja itu dikelilingi dinding tebal dan
kuat. 1.0
12
2
5 5 2
1 0
5 10 15
1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
Readable
A church which has a strong and lofty wall is so familiar. Therefore the
words tebal and kuat in this sentence is clear enough to be understood. All of the
respondents can understand this sentence easily.
No Code Target Text Score
12. 12/TT/SM Pesta topeng itu sungguh memukau. 1.0
This sentence shows that the masquerade is amazing. The word memukau is
an expression of being amazed. So the expression memukau in this sentence is
appropriated and can be understood clearly by the respondents.
No Code Target Text Score
17. 17/TT/SM
Tapi ketika gema suara dentang jam hilang sama sekali, tawa ringan serta-merta mengisi keheningan dalam pesta itu; para musisi saling menatap satu sama lain dan melempar senyum lega
seraya membisikkan janji bahwa nanti saat jam berdentang lagi mereka takkan menunjukkan reaksi gugup yang sama.
1.0
The phrase melempar senyum lega is a common expression that is used by
people. There is no difficulty to understand the phrase. Therefore all respondents
in this data give score 1.0.
No Code Target Text Score
23. 23/TT/SM Lalu, tiba-tiba jam dinding berwarna
hitam itupun berdentang. 1.0
All of the respondents can easily understand the phrase jam dinding
an antique/old clock can result a sound. Therefore, all of respondents give score
1.0 to this data.
No Code Target Text Score
33. 33/TT/SM
“Siapa yang berani?” tanyanya pada para peserta pesta di sekitarnya –siapa yang berani melakukan penghinaan ini
terhadap kita semua?
1.0
The phrase penghinaan ini in the data 33/TT/SM is clearly understood by
the respondents. Penghinaan is an act that does not show a respect to someone, so
all of the respondents can understand the meaning.
No Code Target Text Score
35. 35/TT/SM
Ia menarik sebilah pisau dari balik sabuk dan melangkah lebih dekat ke arah sosok berjubah hitam yang memunggunginya.
1.0
Melangkah lebih dekat ke arah sosok berjubah hitam in the data 35/TT/SM
has scored 1.0. It means that all of respondents can understand the meaning of that
phrase. Even the respondents did not know who is meant in the phrase sosok
berjubah hitam, the respondents still can understand the context that it is a “strange thing”.
No Code Target Text Score
10. 10/TT/SM Tanpa si “Setan Merah” 1.1
The score 1.1 on data 10/TT/SM is the average score that is given by the
respondents. But one of the respondents thinks that the phrase Setan Merah can
give more than one interpretation, for example, it can be interpreted as Setan yang
No Code Target Text Score
26. 26/TT/SM
Di dalam ruangan penuh manusia berkostum dan bertopeng aneh, tentunya penampilan serupa takkan menarik perhatian mereka.
1.1
The translation is readable based on the score given which is 1.1. But there
is a respondent who gives score 2, the respondent thinks that the word manusia is
more appropriate if it is changed into orang-orang. It sounds unsual and not
polite, because it is usual when we said disana berkumpul orang-orang rather
than disana berkumpul manusia.
No Code Target Text Score
1. 1/TT/SM Tidak ada wabah penyakit lain yang
lebih fatal, ataupun lebih mengerikan. 1.2
The phrase lebih fatal can be understood by the reader, but it is more
readable if the phrase fatal changes into mematikan, because word „fatal’ based on Oxford‟s Dictionary has meaning causing or ending in death or based on Echols
and Sadily English-Indonesian, fatal can be translated into yang menimbulkan
kematian. In KBBI, fatal means mematikan, while the word mematikan based on
KBBI means menyebabkan mati or causing death which has same meaning with „fatal‟. So, the translation of „fatal‟ also can be translated into mematikan.
However, the data 1/TT/SM is considered as readable by the respondents.
No Code Target Text Score
11. 11/TT/SM
Sekitar lima atau enam bukan sejak mereka menutup pintu gereja dari dunia luar, sementara wabah mematikan itu mulai menjajah negara negara asing, Pangeran Prospero memutuskan untuk
menghibur seribu teman-temanya dengan
mengadakan pesta topeng yang megah.
There are two of the respondents who give score 2. They give score 2 on this
data because they think that phrase pesta topeng yang megah can give two
meanings, which is a luxurious party using mask or a party using fine mask
No Code Target Text Score
20. 20/TT/SM Pastikan karakter kalian mengerikan. 1.2
The word mengerikan is better if change into menakutkan. However, the
word mengerikan and menakutkan based on KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia) has close meaning. Mengerikan has a meaning give rise to sense of
horror or a feel of fear with something, while menakutkan has a meaning arouse a
feeling of fear or to make someone feels of fear. So, in the context the word
menakutkan is more appropriate because the context is to make someone feels of
fear by seeing their character.
No Code Target Text Score
32. 32/TT/SM
Ketika Pangeran Prospero melihat sosok tersebut (ia melakukannya pelan-pelan,
seolah ingin mengamati lebih jelas, menyeruak di antara para peserta pesta)
ia segera kejang-kejang, lalu gemetar tak keruan, dihantui teror tak
berkesudahan; sesaat kemudian, wajahnya memerah karena marah.
1.2
The data is readable even there is a word which is weird. The word is
segera, based on KBBI, it means tergesa-gesa or being rush. It is better if that
berubah keadaan lain or change into something else. So it can be more readable if
the word segera is changed into menjadi.
No Code Target Text Score
34. 34/TT/SM
Pada saat ini, dengan amarah meledak-ledak, Pangeran Prospero yang malu karena tadi sempat ketakutan, buru-buru melalui keenam kamar dengan urutan yang sama tanpa ada yang mengikuti karena takut terjadi sesuatu yang tidak diinginkan.
1.2
On the data 34/TT/SM the phrase dengan amarah meledak-ledak is better if
in that data is added conjunction yang because it can emphasize the word
-meledak-ledak. So the phrase becomes dengan amarah yang meledak-ledak.
No Code Target Text Score
3. 3/TT/SM
Merah darah menodai tubuh dan wajah para korban, seolah menjadi tanda khusus agar mereka dikucilkan oleh masyarakat umum, tidak diberi pertolongan sama sekali
1.3
Three respondents think that the use of the word Merah Darah is confusing
because it can give two different interpretations, Merah darah can be interpreted
as a blood which is stain upon the body or a color of red which like a blood stain
upon the body.
No Code Target Text Score
22. 22/TT/SM
Selain itu juga ada para peserta yang mengenakan kostum bergaya sama dengan yang dikenakan sang pangeran.
1.3
In the Data 22/TT/SM there is a word that can be removed to make it more
mengenakan so it is better if the word dikenakan is removed because, without that
word, the readers already get the meaning. Then the phrase could be …
mengenakan kostum bergaya sama dengan sang pangeran.
No Code Target Text Score
30. 30/TT/SM
Tapi semua ini masih bisa ditoleransi oleh para peserta, andai sosok itu tidak mendandani dirinya seperti si Setan Merah
1.3
Most of respondents give score 1 but three of them give score 2. They think
that Setan Merah has several meanings. It can be interpreted as Setan yang Jahat
or a Ghost, and Si Jago Api or a Fire.
No Code Target Text Score
31. 31/TT/SM
Jubah hitamnya menampakkan bercak darah dan alis di atas topeng yang ia kenakan juga terpercik darah.
1.3
One of the respondents gives score 3 on this text, means that rewrite and
restructuring is needed. The word menampakkan is not appropriate, the translation
of the text that can be more understood is Bercak darah terlihat pada jubah
hitamnya dan alis diatas topeng… However the data 31/TT/SM is still considered
as readable because the total score is 1.3.
No Code Target Text Score
37. 37/TT/SM Kegelapan, kematian, dan Setan Merah
menguasai alam semesta. 1.3
The respondents can understand the text, but three of them give score 2
because they think that the word menguasai should be replaced with a metaphor
No Code Target Text Score
9. 9/TT/SM
Tindakan antisipasi semacam ini membuat mereka yang tinggal di dalamnya merasa tenang takkan tertular wabah mematikan yang merebak dimana-mana.
1.4
On the data 9/TT/SM the word dimana-mana could be rewrited because it
makes confusion. To make it more clear and easy to understand, between a
conjunction yang and a word merebak, can be added word sedang. Based on those
suggestions, the phrase on this data could be changed into tertular wabah
mematikan yang sedang merebak.
No Code Target Text Score
25. 25/TT/SM
Keberadaan sosok ini pun kemudian menjadi berita gosip yang disampaikan lewat bisikan dari satu orang ke orang berikutnya, menciptakan suasana baru, di antara para peserta sebelum akhirnya
mereka menunjukkan reaksi ngeri, takut, dan jijik.
1.4
On data 25/TT/SM 4 of respondents give score 2. They think that the words
ngeri and takut have closed meaning, it sounds weird if those words are used in
same phrase. It is better if only use one of them, ngeri or takut.
No Code Target Text Score
16. 16/TT/SM
Tetapi di kamar terakhir yang
bernuansa hitam, cahaya batu bara yang menyeruak di antara dekorasi ruangan yang pekat, melalui lapisan kaca berwarna merah darah, justru
menghadirkan bayangan mengerikan, membuat siapa saja yang berkunjung kedalamnya tertegun bisu, jantung mereka berdebar hebat, hingga hanya segelintir orang saja yang berani masuk kesana.
In this data, 5 of the respondents give score 2. They think that there is
problem in the phrase kamar terakhir bernuansa hitam, it can be interpreted into
two meanings, the first is a room painted with black color and the second is a
horror room. Also the words tertegun and bisu have a closed meaning. Based on
KBBI tertegun means terdiam which means no sound or not do anything while
bisu based on KBBI also has a meaning no sound. So, the word bisu in phrase
tertegun bisu is better removed because the word tertegun already gives the
meaning of bisu or silent. If tertegun and bisu appear in one phrase, the meaning
is reversing. When someone tertegun of course he/she will not do anything even
speaks, in this case he/she will silent.
2. Quite Readable
The average score of the data from 1.7 to 2.3 based on the Nababan‟s
instrument is considered as quite readable. From nine quite readable data showed
that there were four data scored 1.7, three data scored 1.8, two data scored 1.9.
Here is the chart of the quite readable data.
The discussion of quite readable data is explained in the following. 4
3 2
0 5
1,7 1,8 1,9 2 2,1 2,2 2,3
Quite Readable
No Code Target Text Score
2. 2/TT/SM
Darah adalah simbol sekaligus segelnya, merahnya yang menyala, sekaligus meneror
1.7
On the data 2/TT/SM there is a problem in understanding the text by the
readers or respondents. The use suffix –nya in words segel and merah is confusing. In the sentence, blood is a seal, but when the suffix –nya is added in word merah it can be interpreted as a blood or a thing which is sealed.
No Code Target Text Score
15. 15/TT/SM Dari situ terciptalah beragam bentuk
bayangan fantastis. 1.7
The word fantastis in phrase beragam bentuk bayangan fantastis is not clear,
if fantastis means unsual, the phrase would be better beragam bentuk bayangan
aneh. The score of the data is 1.7 so the data is considered as quite readable.
No Code Target Text Score
18. 18/TT/SM Ia tidak mengacuhkan popularitas gaya
hidup yang diadopsi masyarakat umum 1.7
The phrase tidak mengacuhkan is not appropriate in the sentence. A phrase
tidak memedulikan is more appropriate and clear to be understood by the readers
or respondents. The word mengacuhkan which is derived from acuh is not a
common word. People in their daily mostly used word peduli rather than acuh.
For example, aku tidak peduli and aku tidak acuh, people in their daily rarerly
used the sentence aku tidak acuh they are commonly used aku tidak peduli. So,
No Code Target Text Score
19. 19/TT/SM
Rencananya selalu mengandung unsur keberanian serta amarah, dan setiap desainnya menunjukkan hawa nafsu binatang meletup-letup.
1.7
Six of respondents give score 2 on this data, they are confused with the
meaning of phrase hawa nafsu binatang meletup-letup, is the desire of animal
which is very high or the animal itself which aggressive. The translation would be
better if hawa nafsu yang meletup-letup seperti seekor binatang.
No Code Target Text Score
5. 5/TT/SM
Ketika setengah dari populasi manusia di daerah kekuasaannya menjadi korban wabah mematikan tersebut, ia memanggil seribu teman yang bertubuh sehat serta berhati riang dari antara para kesatria dan putri kerajaan. Dikelilingi oleh tubuh-tubuh sehat, ia akhirnya beristirahat di dalam gereja yang berbentuk seperti istana.
1.8
The phrase manusia di daerah kekuasaanya is confusing, is the people or the
area which has been owned. And also the phrase gereja yang berbentuk seperti
istana has a meaning that it is a church which looks like a castle, but in the whole
sentences, it is about princess and knights, it is not really related with a church. It
is better if the phrase become istana yang berbentuk seperti gereja.
No Code Target Text Score
8. 8/TT/SM
Mereka tidak membawa barang-barang lain yang bisa memicu sikap depresi atau kondisi mental lainnya.
1.8
as unconfident, paranoid, phobias and etc. It can more clear if it is replaced with
one of those word.
No Code Target Text Score
24. 24/TT/SM
Kamar-kamar tersebut (kecuali kamar bernuansa hitam) terkesan ramai padat, dan ditengah semua itu berdetaklah jantung kehidupan yang gemetar.
1.8
There is a word which is confusing on the data 24/TT/SM the word is
gemetar in phrase berdetaklah jantung kehidupan yang gemetar, it is confusing
because jantung can not shake, berdetaklah jantung kehidupan is already give the
meaning. The word gemetar is not needed in this phrase or can be removed.
No Code Target Text Score
14. 14/TT/SM
Namun, didalam istana ini, bentuk kamar itu sungguh berbeda, sesuai dengan kecintaan sang pangeran terhadap apa-apa saja yang bersifat aneh.
1.9
The phrase apa-apa saja sounds unfamiliar. It is better if the phrase apa-apa
saja replaced by segala sesuatu, so the reader can understand the meaning of the
text easily.
No Code Target Text Score
21. 21/TT/SM
Maka para peserta pun mengaplikasikan efek ini-itu untuk menjadi bintang tamu paling unik di sana, sementara mereka saling menatap satu sama lain, dari ujung kepala hingga kaki, kostum-kostum antic bertebaran di mana-mana, memukau, kemilau, menghasilkan efek ilusi seperti yang ditampilkan dalam pertunjukkan drama berjudul Hernani.
The phrase mengaplikasikan efek ini-itu is not clear, mengaplikasikan is
better replaced by memberi, and ini-itu is better replaced by berbagai macam. So
the phrase becomes member berbagai macam efek. However, the data is
considered as quite readable.
3. Not Readable
The average score of the data from 2.4 to 3 based on the Nababan‟s
instrument is considered as not readable. There was only one data which was
considered as not readable. Here is the chart of not readable category.
The discussion of quite readable data is explained in the following.
No Code Target Text Score
7. 7/TT/SM
Sementara mereka yang diundang ke dalamnya diminta membawa perangkat gas dan memasak, berikut palu besar, sebelum menyolder gembok pintu gereja.
2.4
The data 7/TT/SM is the only data which is considered as not readable. Most
of respondents give score 2 even 3 on this data. The phrases membawa perangkat
gas and menyolder gembok pintu gereja are hard to understand by the most of
respondents. Perangkat gas and menyolder are something that only exist in 1
0 0,5 1 1,5
2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3
Not Readable
modern era, while the setting of the story is classic. It would be understood if the
phrases become membawa peralatan memasak, and mengunci gembok pintu
gereja.
Here is the chart of readability assessment, from 37 data, there are 27 data
readable, 9 data quite readable, and 1 data not readable.
From the readability score of each translation item, the number of translation
readability of gothic terms in Poe‟s short story “The Masque of Red Death” can
be calculated as follows:
X‟ =
Average score of total respondents
Total respondents
X‟
=
Mean (the average score) of the assessment of readabilityX‟ =
1.43 + 1.49 + 1.41 + 1.24 + 1.54 + 1.27 + 1.3+ 1.3 + 1.19
9
X‟
=
1.35The average score of the translation gothic terms in Poe‟s short story “The
Masque of The Red Death” is 1.35 out of 3. Based on Nababan‟s readability 27
9
1 0
20 40
Readable Quite Readable Not Readable
Readable Quite Readable Not Readable
indicator, the translation gothic terms are considered as readable. The readers are
understood the meaning or the message easily.
B. The Method Applied in Translating Gothic Terms
1. Exoticism Method
Exoticism method is a method that used to give “exotic” nuance to the
translation. It is found in the translation of the word „fatal‟ and „fantastic‟. The
translator translated that word by using exoticism method because he/she wants to
give “original” nuance to the translation.
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
1 1/ST/TMOTRD No pestilence had ever been so fatal,
or so
hideous.
1/TT/SM Tidak ada wabah penyakit lain yang lebih fatal, ataupun
lebih mengerikan.
The word „fatal‟ is translated into fatal in TL. Actually, in Indonesian based
on KBBI fatal has meaning mematikan, or in English, causing or ending in death. The translator translated the word „fatal‟into fatal because he/she wants to make
the reader feels like the original. The word „fatal‟ can also be translated into
mematikan but the translation of fatal is still readable because it carries the
meaning of the SL. The word is rooted of Latin fatalis „ordained by fate‟, from
fatum „sense of causing death‟ (http://www.etymonline.com)
Word “hideous” which is translated into mengerikan of course is not an
exotic method. The word “hideous” here can be classified to communicative
“hideous” means seram or mengerikan. It is already emphasized on the message
meaning. The focus of this data is on the word “fatal” which is translated into
fatal because the exotic nuance is shown in that word, it keeps the originality of
the word.
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
15 15/ST/TMOTRD And thus were produced a multitude of gaudy and fantastic appearances.
15/TT/SM Dari situ terciptalah
beragam bentuk bayangan fantastis.
The word „fantastic‟ formally means imaginative or fanciful; remote from
reality. This word is root of Latin word phantasticus „imaginary‟
(http://www.etymonline.com). The word „fantastic‟ is translated into fantastis in
TL. Based on KBBI fantastis has meaning tidak nyata, tidak masuk akal, sangat
luar biasa. Here, the translator again wants to give the original nuance from SL to
the TL. The word fantastis is still carries the meaning of „fantastic‟ in the SL, the
meaning is closed related, it can be understood by the reader even the word is
translated to fantastis.
2. Communicative Method
The method of communicative is emphasized on the message meaning. This
method is used to translate words or phrases that can make the reader confused or
not understand to the context. The semantic translation by Newmark is involved
equivalent with the SL meaning. It is similar with communicative translation
which render the message of SL into TL as close as possible to the original. Here
the analysis will be explained by 6 data:
No Code Source Text Code Target Text
2 2/ST/TMOTRD Blood was its avatar and its seal –the redness and
the horror of blood
2/TT/SM Darah adalah symbol sekaligus segelnya,
merahnya yang menyala, sekaligus meneror. 25 25/ST/TMOTRD And the rumor of this
new presence having spread itself whispering around, there arose at length from the whole company a buzz,or murmur, expressive of disapprobation and surprise then, finally, of terror, of horror, and of disgust.
25/TT/SM Keberadaan sosok ini pun kemudian menjadi berita gossip yang disampaikan lewat bisikan dari satu orang ke orang
berikutnya, menciptakan suasana baru, di antara para peserta sebelum akhirnya mereka menunjukkan reaksi ngeri, takut, dan jijik.
„Horror of the blood‟ is translated into meneror, and based on KBBI meneror
means do a cruel thing to make someone fear or scared. „Horror‟ is also translated
into takut, andbased on KBBI takut means feels of fear. The translator attempts to
communicate the message that horror is a situation that can make someone feels
of fear or there is something cruel that makes someone feels of fear in this context
is blood. This method results the effect in readers‟ understanding to the original
context and the translation is clearer and readable.
The phrases „the redness‟, „expressive of disapprobation and surprise‟ „of
terror‟ and „of disgust‟ which are translated into merahnya yang menyala,
