• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Kimia itu Mudah: Islami

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Kimia itu Mudah: Islami"

Copied!
116
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

.$7$3(1*$17$5

2OHK

6\DLNK$EGXO$]L]%LQ%D]URKLPDKXOORK

6D\D WHODK PHQHODDK NLWDE \DQJ GLWXOLV ROHK 6\DLNK 0XKDPPDEELQ6KDOLK$O0XQDMMLGVHPRJD$OODKPHPEHULQ\D WDXILTGHQJDQMXGXO

¢ ü÷ ÁÀk¡

¤x

Å¢üó¡

¢

ù¢ ¬Ç¡

©¢÷Âp

6D\D GDSDWL NLWDE WHUVHEXW VDQJDW EHUKDUJD GDQ EDQ\DN IDHGDKQ\D 'HQJDQ VDQJDW EDLN SHQXOLVQ\D PHQ\DMLNDQ NLWDE WHUVHEXW NH KDGDSDQ SHPEDFD 6HPRJD $OODK PHPEHULQ\D SDKDODVHEDLNEDLNSDKDODGDQPHQDPEDKNDQNHSDGDQ\DLOPX \DQDJ EHUPDQIDDW GDQ DPDO VKDOHK 6HPRJD SXOD NLWDE \DQJ GLWXOLVQ\D LQL GHPLNLDQ MXJD NLWDENLWDEQ\D \DQJ ODLQ EHUPDQIDDW EDJL XPDW ,VODP 6HPRJD VKDODZDW GDQ VDODP GLOLPSDKNDQ NHSDGD 1DEL NLWD 0XKDPPDGU NHOXDUJD GDQ VHJHQDSVDKDEDWQ\D$PLQ

$EGXO$]L]ELQ$EGXOODK%LQ%D]

(2)

08.$'',0$+

6HJDOD SXML EDJL $OODK < .LWD PHPXML PHPRKDQ SHUWRORQJDQGDQPHPLQWDDPSXQNHSDGD1\D.LWDEHUOLQGXPJ NHSDGD $OODK GDUL NHMDKDWDQ GLUL GDQ NHEXUXNDQ DPDO SHUEXDWDQ %DUDQJ VLDSD GLEHUL SHWXQMXN ROHK $OODK< PDND WLGDN DGD \DQJ ELVD PHQ\HVDWNDQQ\D GDQ EDUDQJ VLDSD GLVHVDWNDQ ROHK $OODK PDND WLGDN DGD \DQJ ELVD PHQXQMXNLQ\D $NX EHUVDNVL EDKZD WLGDN DGD 7XKDQ \DQJ EHUKDN GLVHPEDK VHODLQ $OODK VHPDWD WLDGD VHNXWX EDJL1\D 'DQ DNX EHUVDNVL EDKZD 0XKDPPDG LWX DGDODK KDPED GDQ 5DVXO1\D

6HVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK< PHZDMLENDQ EHEHUDSD NHZDMLEDQ \DQJWLGDNEROHKGLDEDLNDQPHPEHULEHEHUDSDNHWHQWXDQ\DQJ WLGDN EROHK GLODPSDXL GDQ PHQJKDUDPNDQ EHEHUDSD SHUNDUD \DQJWLGDN EROHKGLODQJJDU1DEL0XKDPPDGUEHUVDEGD

ªðÇ

¢÷



õ¡Â·

ç õ·

¢÷



ñ

·

ç þ¥¢¬ï

? …¡

ò·—

¢÷

ýÀÿ

« =



¢

Èû

úð

C …¡

ùœç



¨

ç¢àó¡

…¡

ú÷

¡

ô¦ë¢ç



¨

ç¢ß

ç þüß

¨

¡

´$SD\DQJGLKDODONDQROHK$OODKGDODPNLWDE1\DPDND LWXODK\DQJKDODOGDQDSD\DQJGLKDUDPNDQPDNDLWXODK\DQJ KDUDPVHGDQJNDQ DSD \DQJ GLGLDPNDQ WHQWDQJQ\D PDND LD DGDODK \DQJ GLPDDINDQ PDND WHULPDODK DSD \DQJ GLPDDINDQ ROHK $OODK VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK WLGDN SHUQDK OXSD NHPXGLDQ EHOLDXPHPEDFDD\DWµ

@

¢

Ê

Èû î¥Á

Šù¢Šï

>

ÓÑ

IÂ÷

§Á

Ç

(3)

3HUNDUDSHUNDUD \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ DGDODK NHWHQWXDQ NHWHQWXDQ\DQJGLWHWDSNDQROHK$OODK<$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¢ÿ

¥Â’ì«

Š

Šç

Ê

þôó¡

½

¾·

>

ÎÕÔ

§Âì¦ó¡

§Á

Ç

´ ,WXODK ODUDQJDQ $OODK PDND MDQJDQODK NDPX PHQGHNDWLQ\Dµ$O%DTDUDK

$OODK PHQJDQFDP RUDQJ \DQJ PHODPSDXL NHWHQWXDQ NHWHQWXDQ1\D GDQ PHODQJJDU DSD \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ1\D VHSHUWLGLWHJDVNDQGDODP$O4XU·DQ

@

þôó¡

Ê

Îà

ú÷

þŠó

¢

Ê

ç ¡¾

Ê

ó¢»

¡Á¢û

þ’ô

»¾

Ê

ý½

¾·

¾à¬

þŠó

ÇÁ

[

Ê

÷

£¡ŠÀß

>

ÎÑ

”¢Èüó¡

§Á

Ç

´ 'DQ EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ PHQGXUKDNDL $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D GDQ PHODQJJDU NHWHQWXDQNHWHQWXDQ1\D QLVFD\D $OODKPHPDVXNNDQQ\DNHGDODPDSLQHUDNDVHGDQJLDNHNDOGL GDODPQ\D GDQ EDJLQ\D VLNVD \DQJ PHQJKLQDNDQµ $Q 1LVDD·

0HQMDXKL KDOKDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ KXNXPQ\D DGDODK ZDMLEKDOLWXEHUGDVDUNDQVDEGDUDVXOXOODKU

ö¬àجǡ

¢÷

þü÷

¡

ôàç¢ç

þ¥

öð«Â÷—

¢÷

ý

¦ü¬³¢ç

þüß

öð¬

¢÷

´$SD\DQJDNXODUDQJNDOLDQPDNDMDXKLODKLDGDQDSD \DQJ DNX KDUDPNDQ SDGD NDOLDQ PDND ODNXNDQODK VHPDPSXPXµ+50XVOLP.LWDEXO)DGKDD·LOKDGLWVQR

(4)

8QWXNPHQMDZDEXFDSDQPHUHNDNLWDNDWDNDQVHEDJDL EHULNXW 6HVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK8 PHQHWDSNDQ KXNXP PHQXUXW NHKHQGDN1\D WLGDN DGD \DQJ GDSDW PHQRODN NHWHWDSDQ1\D $OODK 0DKD ELMDNVDQD ODJL 0DKD 0HQJHWDKXL 0DND 'LD PHQJKDODONDQDSD\DQJ,DNHKHQGDNLGDQPHQJKDUDPNDQDSD \DQJ GLNHKHQGDNL1\D SXOD GDQ GLDQWDUD SLODU NHKDPEDDQ NLWD NHSDGD$OODK8 DGDODKKHQGDNQ\DNLWDULGKDGHQJDQDSD\DQJ GLWHWDSNDQ ROHK1\D SDVUDK GDQ EHUVHUDK GLUL NHSDGD1\D VHFDUDWRWDO

+XNXPKXNXP $OODK 8 EHUGDVDUNDQ DWDV LOPX KLNPDK GDQ NHDGLODQ1\D WLGDN VLDVLD GDQ SHUPDLQDQ $OODK

8EHUILUPDQ

@

ß

¢†ë¾

Ê

Ï î¥Á

ªø

Ê

ôŠï

ªø«

Þ

Ê

øÈó¡

ÿ

Ê

þ

«¢ø

Ê

Ê

ôŠð

Ê

ó

Ê

ñ¾¦÷

M

†

¾

ö

Ê

ôà’ó¡

>

ÎÎÒ

õ¢àû

¡ §Á

Ç

´7HODK VHPSXUQDODK NDOLPDW 7XKDQPX $O 4XU·DQ VHEDJDL NDOLPDW \DQJ EHQDU GDQ DGLO WLGDN DGD \DQJ GDSDW PHQJXEDK NDOLPDWNDOLPDW1\D GDQ 'LDODK \DQJ 0DKD PHQGHQJDUGDQ0DKDPHQJHWDKXL$O$Q·DQ

$OODK PHQMHODVNDQ NHSDGD NLWD WHQWDQJ NDLGDK KDODO KDUDPGDODPILUPDQ1\D

@

®Ÿ¢¦l¡

ö

ôß

õÂy

©¢¦

Øó¡

ön

òy

>

´ 'DQ$OODK PDQJKDODONDQ EDJL PHUHND VHJDOD \DQJ EDLN GDQ PHQJKDUDPNDQ EDJL PHUHND VHJDOD \DQJ EXUXN $O $·UDDI

(5)

@

þMôó¡

Ê

þ

Ê

¥ ùŠ¿’˜

öŠó

¢÷

Ê

ú

¾ó¡

ú÷

ö Šó

¡

ßÂË

”¢ŠïÂË ö Šó

õŠ—

>

ÏÎ

Á

Ìó¡

§Á

Ç

´ $SDNDK PHUHND PHPSXQ\DL VHPEDKDQVHPEDKDQ VHODLQ $OODK \DQJ PHQV\DULDWNDQ XQWXN PHUHND DJDPD \DQJ WLGDNGLL]LQNDQROHK$OODKµ$V\$V\XUD

7DN VHRUDQJSXQ EROHK ELFDUD WHQWDQJ KDODO KDUDP NHFXDOL SDUD DKOL \DQJ PHQJHWDKXLQ\D EHUGDVDUNDQ $OTXU·DQ GDQ$VVXQQDK$OODKPHPEHULSHULQJDWDQNHUDVNHSDGDRUDQJ \DQJ PHQJKDODONDQ GDQ PHQJKDUDPNDQ VHVXDWX WDQSD LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQVHEDJDLPDQD\DQJGLWHJDVNDQGDODPILUPDQ1\D

@

õ¡Â· ¡ŠÀÿ

ˆñŠ

·

¡ŠÀÿ

£

Ê

ÀŠð’ó¡

öŒð¬ü

Ê

È’óŠ— æ

Ê

Ы

¢ø

Ê

ó ’¡

Η

Œì«

Š

£

Ê

ÀŠð’ó¡

Ê

þôó¡

Šôß

’¡

¬’è¬Oó

>

È

ÎÎÓ

ò¸üó¡

§Á

Ç

´ 'DQ MDQJDQODK NDPX PHQJDWDNDQ DSD \DQJ GLVHEXW VHEXW ROHK OLGDKPX VHFDUD GXVWD ´ LQL KDODO GDQ LQL KDUDPµ XQWXN PHQJDGDDGDNDQNHERKRQJDQWHUKDGDS$OODKµ$Q1DKO

+DOKDO\DQJGLKDUDPNDQVHFDUDTDWK·LWHJDV WHUGDSDW GDODP$O4XU·DQGDQ$V6XQQDKVHSHUWLGDODPILUPDQ$OODK

@

’¡

Ε

Ê

ÂÌ« M

Š— öŒð

Šôß

öŒð¥Á õ·

¢÷

Œò«Š—

’¡

Šó¢à« ’òŒë

Ê

ú

¾

Ê

ó¡

’ó¢

¥

Ê

¢† 

Ë

Ê

þ

Ê

¥

Ç

éŠ

÷›

ú÷ öŒï½Š

Š—

’¡

Œô¬’ì« Š

¢û¢È·

Ê

›

>

ÎÒÎ

õ¢àû

¡ §Á

Ç

(6)

'DODP $V 6XQQDK MXJD GLVHEXWNDQ EHEHUDSD KDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQVHEDJDLPDQDGDODPVDEGD1DELU

´ VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK PHQJKDUDPNDQ SHQMXDODQ NKDPU PLQXPDQ NHUDV EDQJNDL EDEL GDQ SDWXQJSDWXQJ +5 $EX 'DDXG 6KDKLK $EL 'DXG KDGLWV LQL GL VHSDNDWL NHVKDKLKDQQ\D

'DQ6DEGD5DVXOXOODKU

þüe

õ·

¢ 

Ë õ·

¡¿›

…¡

ù›

´ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D MLND $OODK PHQJKDUDPNDQ VHVXDWX LD PHQJKDUDPNDQ SXOD KDUJD SHQMXDODQQ\Dµ +5 'DUXTXWKQL

'DODP VHEDJLDQ QDVK WHUNDGDQJ GLVHEXWNDQ SXOD EHEHUDSD MHQLV \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ VHSHUWL PDNDQDQ \DQJ GLULQFLNDQ$OODKGDODPILUPDQ1\D

@

Ê

þ

Ê

¥

Ê

þôó¡

Ê

Â

ä

Ê

ó Mò

Ê

ÿŒ—

¢÷

Ê

Â

Ê

Äü

Ê

¼’ó¡

ö¸Šó

õ¾’ó¡

Œ¨¬

ø’ó¡

öŒð

Šôß

ª÷·

¢÷

ö¬

M

¢÷

M

Ê

› Þ¦Èó¡

ŠòŠïŠ—

¢÷

Œ¨¸

Ê

Øüó¡

ά

½Â¬ø’ó¡

Œ§Š¿

Α

ø’ó¡

Œ¨Šì

Ê

ü¼üø’ó¡

Ê

õŠ

Ã

È

¢

Ê

¥ ’¡

ø

Ȓì¬È« ùŠ—

Ê

Ê

¤Ðüó¡

Šôß

Ê

¥Œ¿

>

Ð

§¾Ÿ¢m¡

§Á

Ç

´'L KDUDPNDQ EDJLPX EDQJNDL GDUDK GDJLQJ EDEL KHZDQ\DQJGLVHPEHOLKDWDVQDPDVHODLQ$OODK\DQJWHUFHNLN \DQJ GLSXNXOL \DQJ MDWXK \DQJ GLWDQGXN GDQ \DQJ GLWHUNDP ELQDWDQJ EXDV NHFXDOL \DQJ VHPSDW NDPX PHQ\HPEHOLKQ\D GDQ GLKDUDPNDQ EDJLPX \DQJ GLVHPEHOLK XQWXN EHUKDOD GDQ GLKDUDPNDQ SXOD PHQJXQGL QDVLE GHQJDQ DQDN SDQDK $O 0DLGDK

(7)

@

öð

ôß

ª÷·

öð«

¢»

öð«¢øß

öð«¡

»—

öð«¢ü¥

öð«¢ ÷—

ú÷

öð«¡

»—

öðüàÓÁ—

<

ó¡

öð«¢ ÷—

ª»

¡ ©¢ü¥

¹

¡ ©¢ü¥

öðŸ¢Èû

©¢ ÷—

¨ß¢ÓÂó¡

>

´ 'LKDUDPNDQ DWDV NDPX PHQJDZLQL LEXLEXPX DQDN DQDNPXSHUHPSXDQVDXGDUDVDXGDUDPXSHUHPSXDQVDXGDUD VDXGDUD SHUHPSXDQ D\DKPX>WDQWH@ VDXGDUDVDXGDUD SHUHPSXDQ LEXPX DQDNDQDN SHUHPSXDQ VDXGDUDVDXGDUDPX ODNLODNL DQDNDQDN SHUHPSXDQ GDUL VDXGDUDVDXGDUDPX SHUHPSXDQ LEXLEXPX \DQJ PHQ\XVXL NDPX VDXGDUDPX SHUHPSXDQ\DQJVHSHUVXVXDQ«´$Q1LVD·

'DODPKDOXVDKD$OODKMXJDPHQ\HEXWNDQKDOKDO\DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¢¥Âó¡

õ·

Þ

¦ó¡

…¡

ò·—

>

´'DQ $OODK PHQJKDODONDQ MXDO EHOL GDQ PHQJKDUDPNDQ ULED«$O%DTDUDK

.HPXGLDQ $OODK <DQJ 0DKD 3HQJDVLK WHUKDGDS KDPED1\D PHQJKDODONDQ XQWXN NLWD KDOKDO \DQJ EDLN \DQJ WLGDN WHUKLWXQJ EDQ\DN GDQ MHQLVQ\D 2OHK VHEDE LWX $OODK WLGDNPHPEHULNDQULQFLDQKDOKDO\DQJKDODOGDQGLEROHKNDQ NDUHQD VHPXD LWX WLGDN WHUKLWXQJ EDQ\DNQ\D $OODK PHQHUDQJNDQVHFDUDULQFLKDOKDO\DQJGLKDUDPNDQNDUHQDLWX WHUKLWXQJVHKLQJJDNLWDPHQJHWDKXLGDQPHQMDXKLQ\D$OODKU

EHUILUPDQ

@

þ

ó›

;ÁÂØÓ¡

¢÷

› öð

ôß

õ·

¢÷

öðó

òÐç

¾ë

>

´6HVXQJXKQ\D $OODK WHODK PHQMHODVNDQ NHSDGD NDPX DSD \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ1\D DWDVPX NHFXDOL DSD \DQJ WHUSDNVD NDPXPHPDNDQQ\D«$Q $Q·DQ

(8)

@

¢¦

×

· ÑÁ

¡ ? ¢r

¡

ôï

Å¢üó¡

¢

— ¢

>

´ +DL VHNDOLDQ PDQXVLD PDNDQODK \DQJ KDODO ODJL EDLN GDULDSD\DQJWHUGDSDWGLEXPL´$O%DTDUDK

$GDODK WHUPDVXN GLDQWDUD UDKPDW $OODK EDKZD ,D PHQMDGLNDQ GDVDU VHJDOD VHVXDWX DGDODK KDODO VDPSDL WHUGDSDW GDOLO \DQJ PHQJKDUDPNDQQ\D +DO LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD $OODK< 0DKD 3HQJDVLK GDQ 0DKD /XDV 5DKPDW1\D DWDV VHJHQDS KDPED1\D 2OHK VHEDE LWX NLWD ZDMLE WDDW PHPXMLGDQEHUV\XNXUNHSDGD1\D

6HEDJLDQ PDQXVLD MLND PHUHND PHQ\DNVLNDQ KDOKDO \DQJ KDUDP GLKLWXQJ GDQ GLSHULQFL MLZDQ\D WLEDWLED WHUDVD VHVDN NDUHQD NHEHUDWDQ WHUKDGDS KXNXPKXNXQ V\DULDW ,QL PHQXQMXNNDQ EHWDSD OHPDK LPDQ GDQ EHWDSD VHGLNLW SHPDKDPDQPHUHNDWHUKDGDSV\DULDW

$SDNDKPHUHNDPHQJLQJLQNDQDJDUGLSHULQFLNDQEDKZD GDJLQJ VHPEHOLKDQ GDUL XQWD VDSL NDPELQJ NHOLQFL NLMDQJ NDPELQJ KXWDQ D\DP EXUXQJ GDUD DQJVD LWLN EXUXQJ RQWD VHPXDLWXKDODO"EDQJNDLEHODODQJVHUWDLNDQMXJDKDODO"'DQ VD\XUVD\XUDQ NXO EXDKEXDKDQ GDQ VHPXD ELMLELMLDQ VHUWD KDVLO WDQDPDQ \DQJ EHUPDQIDDW KDODO" 'DQ EDKZD DLU VXVX PDGX PLQ\DN GDQ FXND KDODO" *DUDP UHPSDKUHPSDK GDQ EXPEXEXPEX KDODO" /DOX PHQJJXQDNDQ ND\X EHVL SDVLU NHULNLOSODVWLNNDFDVHUWDNDUHWKDODO"

0HQXQJJDQJ KHZDQ PHQJHQGDUDKL PRELO QDLN NHUHWD NDSDOODXWGDQSHVDZDWWHUEDQJKDODO"

/DOX NXONDV PHVLQ FXFL DODW SHQJHULQJ PHVLQ SHQJJLOLQJ WHSXQJ PL[HU PHVLQ SHQFLQFDQJ GDJLQJ EOHQGHU VHUWD EHUEDJDL MHQLV SHUDODWDQ NHGRNWHUDQ WHNQLN DODW PHQJKLWXQJ DVWURQRPL DUVLWHNWXU DODW SHPRPSD DLU SHQJHERUDQ PLQ\DN SHUWDPEDQJDQ DODW SHQ\DULQJDQ SHQ\XOLQJDQDLUSHUFHWDNDQGDQFRPSXWHUKDUXVGLSHULQFLNDQ EDKZDVHPXDLWXKDODO"

(9)

'DQ GDVDU KXNXP SHUQLNDKDQ MXDO EHOL NDIDODK

SHQDQJJXQJDQ KDZDODKWUDQVIHU VHZD PHQ\HZD SURIHVL GDQ NHDKOLDQ VHSHUWL WXNDQJ ND\X SDQGDL EHVL UHSDUDVL PHQJJHPEDOD NDPELQJ VHPXD KDUXV GLWHUDQJNDQ VHEDJDL SHNHUMDDQ\DQJKDODO"

0XQJNLQNDK NLWD ELVD PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ GDODP PHQJKLWXQJ GDQ PHPHULQFLNDQ KDOKDO \DQJ GLKDODONDQ" 6XQJJXK PHUHND LWX DGDODK RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ KDPSLU WLGDN PHPDKDPLSHUNDWDDQ

$GDSXQGDOLKPHUHNDEDKZDDJDPDLWXPXGDKXFDSDQ WHUVHEXW DGDODK EHQDU WHWDSL GLVHOHZHQJNDQ GDQ GLVDODKJXQDNDQ

0DNQD PXGDK GDODP DJDPD WLGDNODK EHUHUWL GLVHVXDLNDQ PHQXUXW KDZD QDIVX GDQ SHQGDSDW PDQXVLD WHWDSL NHPXGDKDQ LWX KDUXV GL VHVXDLNDQ PHQXUXW WXQWXWDQ V\DULDW

6XQJJXK VDQJDW EHVDU SHUEHGDDQ DQWDUD PHODQJJDU KDOKDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ ODOX EHUGDOLK VHFDUD EDWLO EDKZD DJDPD DGDODK PXGDK GDQ PHPDQJ WLGDN GLUDJXNDQ EDKZD DJDPD DGDODK PXGDK GHQJDQ PHQHUDSNDQ NHULQJDQDQ NHULQJDQDQ \DQJ GLEHULNDQ ROHK V\DULDW 6HSHUWL GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQMDPD·GDQTDVKDU GDODPVKDODWGDQEHUEXNDSXDVD NHWLNDEHSHUJLDQPHQJXVDSNKXIDWDXGLNHQDOGHQJDQVHSDWX ERWGDQNDRVNDNLEDJLRUDQJPXNLPVHKDULVHPDODPGDQEDJL \DQJ EHSHUJLDQ WLJD KDUL WLJD PDODP WD\DPXP NHWLND WDNXW EDKD\DNDODXPHQJJXQDNDQDLUMDPD·DQWDUDGXDVKDODWEDJL RUDQJ VDNLW GDQ NHWLND VHGDQJ WXUXQ KXMDQ GHUDV EROHK PHPDQGDQJ NHSDGD ZDQLWD EXNDQ PDKUDP XQWXN WXMXDQ PHPLQDQJ PHPLOLK GDODPNDIIDUDW GHQGD VXPSDK DQWDUD PHPHUGHNDNDQ EXGDN PHPEHUL PDNDQ RUDQJ PLVNLQ DWDX PHPEHULQ\D SDNDLDQ PDNDQ EDQJNDL NHWLND GDODP NHDGDDQ GDUXUDWDWDXUXNKVDKUXNKVDKNHULQJDQDQV\DULDWODLQQ\D

'LVDPSLQJ KDOKDO GLPXND VHWLDS PXVOLP KHQGDNQ\D PHQJHWDKXL EDKZDGLKDUDPNDQQ\D EHEHUDSD SHUNDUDWHUVHEXW WHUGDSDWKLNPDK\DQJEHVDUGLGDODPQ\DGLDQWDUDQ\D

(10)

GHQJDQSHQGXGXNQHUDNDDGDODKSDUDSHQGXGXNQHUDNDWHODK WHQJJHODPGHQJDQV\DKZDW\DQJGHQJDQQ\DQHUDND GLNHOLOLQJL GDQ SDUD SHQGXGXN VXUJD VDEDU DWDV EHUEDJDL KDO \DQJ GLEHQFLQ\D\DQJGHQJDQQ\DVXUJDGLNHOLOLQJL-LNDWLGDNNDUHQD XMLDQ LQL WHQWX WLGDN DNDQ ELVD GLEHGDNDQ DQWDUD WXNDQJ PDNVLDWGHQJDQRUDQJWDDW

2UDQJRUDQJ EHULPDQ PHOLKDW EHUDWQ\D NHZDMLEDQ GHQJDQFDUDSDQGDQJ GDULVLVL SHUROHKDQSDKDODGDQ NHWDDWDQ WHUKDGDS SHULQWDK $OODK VHKLQJJD EHUKDUDS PHQGDSDW ULGKD1\D 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ NHZDMLEDQ LWX WHUDVD ULQJDQ %HUEHGD KDOQ\D GHQJDQ RUDQJRUDQJ PXQDILN PHUHND PHOLKDW EHUDWQ\D NHZDMLEDQ GDUL VLVL NHSHGLKDQ NHVDO GDQ SHPEDWDVDQ VHKLQJJD NHZDMLEDQ LWX WHUDVD EHUDW XQWXN PHUHND ODNXNDQ GDQ NHWDDWDQ PHQMDGL VHVXDWX \DQJ VDQJDW VXNDU

'HQJDQ PHQLQJJDONDQKDOKDO\DQJ GLKDUDPNDQRUDQJ \DQJ WDDW DNDQ PHUDVDNDQ EXDK PDQLVQ\D EDUDQJVLDSD PHQLQJJDONDQ VHVXDWX NDUHQD $OODK QLVFD\D $OODK DNDQ PHQJJDQWLQ\D GHQJDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ OHELK EDLN GDULSDGDQ\D ODOXPHQGDSDWNDQNHOH]DWDQLPDQGLGDODPKDWLQ\D

'DODP ULVDODK EXNX LQL SHPEDFD DNDQ PHQGDSDWL EHEHUDSD KDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ \DQJ NHKDUDPDQQ\D MHODV GL GDODP V\DULDW GLVHUWDL NHWHUDQJDQ GDOLO GDUL $O 4XU·DQ GDQ $V 6XQQDKKDOKDO\DQJGLKDUDPNDQLQLPHUXSDNDQVHVXDWX\DQJ VHULQJWHUMDGLGDQXPXPGLODNXNDQROHKVHEDJLDQEHVDUNDXP PXVOLPLQ 6D\D VHEXWNDQ KDOKDO WHUVHEXW GHQJDQ WXMXDQ PHPEHULNHWHUDQJDQGDQQDVHKDW

+DQ\D NHSDGD $OODK VD\D PHPRKDQ SHWXQMXN WDXILN VHUWDNHNXDWDQXQWXNVHODOXPHQMDXKLODUDQJDQ1\DXQWXNGLUL VD\D VHQGLUL GDQ XQWXN VHJHQDS XPDW ,VODP 'DQ PXGDK PXGDKDQ 'LD PHQMDXKNDQ NLWD GDUL KDOKDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ VHUWD PHQMDJD NLWD GDUL KDOKDO \DQJ EXUXN VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODKDGDODKVHEDLNEDLN3HQMDJDGDQ'LD0DKD3HQ\D\DQJGL DQWDUDSDUDSHQ\D\DQJ

6<,5,.

(11)

SDOLQJ EHVDU +DO LQL EHUGDVDUNDQ KDGLWV \DQJ GLULZD\DWNDQ ROHK$EL%DNUDKEDKZDVDQ\D5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

Ÿ

Ÿ¢¦ðó¡

P

öû—

—

¢¯

¯

¡

ó¢ë

¢üôë

…¡

ñ

ÇÁ

¢

ô¥

ñ¢ë

…¢¥

í¡ÂË

¡

´ 0DXNDK DNX NDEDUNDQ NHSDGD NDOLDQ GRVD \DQJ SDOLQJ EHVDU WLJD NDOL " PHUHND PHQMDZDE \D ZDKDL 5DVXOXOODK EHOLDX EHUVDEGD PHQ\HNXWXNDQ $OODK ´ PXWWDIDT ¶DODLK $O %XNKDULKDGLWVQRPHU

6HWLDSGRVDNHPXQJNLQDQGLDPSXQLROHK$OODK<NHFXDOL GRVD V\LULN LD PHPHUOXNDQ WDXEDW VHFDUD NKXVXV $OODK EHUILUPDQ

@

”¢Ì

úm

îó¿

ù

½¢÷

Âèä

þ¥

íÂÌ

ù—

Âèä

…¡

ù›

>

”¢Èüó¡

ÑÕ

´ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK WLGDN DNDQ PHQJDPSXQL GRVD V\LULN GDQ 'LD PHQJDPSXQL VHJDOD GRVD \DQJ VHODLQ GDUL V\LULNLWXEDJLVLDSD\DQJGLNHKHQGDNL1\D$Q1LVD

'L DQWDUD PDFDP V\LULN DGDODK V\LULN EHVDU 6\LULN LQL PHQMDGLSHQ\HEDENHOXDUQ\DVHVHRUDQJGDULDJDPD,VODPGDQ RUDQJ \DQJ EHUVDQJNXWDQ MLND PHQLQJJDO GDODP NHDGDDQ GHPLNLDQDNDQNHNDOGLGDODPQHUDND

'L DQWDUD NHQ\DWDDQ V\LULN \DQJ XPXP WHUMDGL GL VHEDJLDQEHVDUQHJDUDQHJDUD,VODPDGDODK

0(1<(0%$+.8%85$1

(12)

@

¡

¾¦à«

— î¥Á

Ôë

ý¢

›

›

>

´ 'DQ 7XKDQPX WHODK PHPHULQWDKNDQ VXSD\D NDPX MDQJDQPHQ\HPEDKVHODLQ'LD$O,VUD·

7HUPDVXN GDODP NDWHJRUL PHQ\HPEDK NXEXUDQ DGDODK PHPRKRQNHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJWHODKPHQLQJJDOEDLNSDUD QDEL RUDQJRUDQJ VKDOHK DWDX ODLQQ\D XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ V\DIDDW DWDX PHOHSDVNDQ GLUL GDUL EHUEDJDL NHVXNDUDQ KLGXS 3DGDKDO$OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

ÑÁ

¡ ”¢èô»

öðôàx

”

Èó¡

æÌð

ý¢ß½

¡¿›

ÂÜÔm¡

¤

x ú÷—

…¡

Þ÷

þó”—

>

´ $WDX VLDSDNDK \DQJ PHPSHUNHQDQNDQ GR·D RUDQJ \DQJ GDODP NHVXOLWDQ DSDELOD LD EHUGRD NHSDGD1\D GDQ \DQJ PHQJKLODQJNDQ NHVXVDKDQ GDQ \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQ NDPX PDQXVLD VHEDJDL NKDOLIDK GL EXPL" $SDNDK GL VDPSLQJ $OODK DGDWXKDQ\DQJODLQ"$Q1DPO

6HEDJLDQ PHUHND EDKNDQ PHPELDVDNDQ GDQ PHQWUDGLVLNDQPHQ\HEXWQDPDV\DLNKDWDXZDOLWHUWHQWXEDLN GDODP NHDGDDQ EHUGLUL GXGXN NHWLND PHODNXNDQ VHVXDWX NHVDODKDQ GDODP VHWLDS VLWXDVL VXOLW NHWLND GL WLPSD SHWDND PXVLEDKDWDXNHVXNDUDQKLGXS

'LDQWDUDQ\DDGD\DQJPHQ\HUX´:DKDL0XKDPPDGµ $GDODJL\DQJPHQ\HEXW´:DKDL$OLµ<DQJODLQODJLPHQ\HEXW ´ :DKDL -DLODQLµ .HPXGLDQ DGD \DQJ PHQ\HEXW ´ :DKDL 6\DG]DOLµ 'DQ \DQJ ODLQ PHQ\HEXW ´ :DKDL 5LIDL <DQJ ODLQ ODJL ´ $O ,GUXV VD\\LGDK =DLQDE DGD SXOD \DQJ PHQ\HUX ´ ,EQX ¶8OZDQ GDQ PDVLK EDQ\DN ODJL 3DGDKDO $OODK WHODK PHQHJDVNDQ

@

öðó¢°÷—

½¢¦ß

…¡

ù

½ ú÷

ù

ß¾«

ú

Àó¡

ù›

(13)

´ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ NDPX VHUX VHODLQ $OODK LWX DGDODK PDNKOXN \DQJ OHPDK \DQJ VHUXSD MXJD GHQJDQNDPXµ$O$·UDDI

6HEDJLDQ SHQ\HPEDK NXEXUDQ DGD \DQJ EHUWKDZDI PHQJHOLOLQJL NXEXUDQ WHUVHEXW PHQFLXP VHWLDS VXGXWQ\D ODOX PHQJXVDSNDQQ\D NH EDJLDQEDJLDQ WXEXKQ\D 0HUHND MXJD PHQFLXPL SLQWX NXEXUDQ WHUVHEXW GDQ PHOXPXUL ZDMDKQ\D GHQJDQ WDQDK GDQ GHEX NXEXUDQ 6HEDJLDQ EDKNDQ DGD\DQJVXMXGNHWLNDPHOLKDWQ\DEHUGLULGLGHSDQQ\DGHQJDQ SHQXK NKXV\X· PHUHQGDKNDQ GDQ PHQJKLQDNDQ GLUL VHUD\D PHQJDMXNDQ SHUPLQWDDQ GDQ PHPRKRQ KDMDW PHUHND $GD \DQJ PHPLQWD VHPEXK GDUL VDNLW PHQGDSDWNDQ NHWXUXQDQ GLJDPSDQJNDQ XUXVDQQ\D GDQ WDN MDUDQJ GL DQWDUD PHUHND \DQJ PHQ\HUX <D VD\\LGLDNX GDWDQJ NHSDGDPX GDUL QHJHUL \DQJ MDXK PDND MDQJDQODK HQJNDX NHFHZDNDQ DNX 3DGDKDO $OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

õ

þó

¤

´¬È

ú÷

…¡

ù

½ ú÷

¡

ß¾

úr

òӗ

ú÷

ù

ôç¢ã

ö Ÿ¢ß½

úß

öÿ

¨÷¢

ìó¡

>

´ 'DQ VLDSDNDK \DQJ OHELK VHVDW GDUL SDGD RUDQJ \DQJ PHQ\HPEDK VHPEDKDQVHPEDKDQ VHODLQ $OODK \DQJ WLGDN GDSDW PHPSHUNHQDQNDQ GR·DQ\D VDPSDL KDUL NLDPDW GDQ PHUHNDODODLGDULPHPSHUKDWLNDQGR·DPHUHNDµ$O$KTDDI

1DELUEHUVDEGD

Á¢üó¡

ò»½

¡¾û

…¡

ù

½ ú÷

ß¾

ÿ

©¢÷

ú÷

´%DUDQJ VLDSD PDWL GDODP NHDGDDQ PHQ\HPEDK VHVHPEDKDQ VHODLQ $OODK QLVFD\D DNDQ PDVXN QHUDND +5 %XNKDULIDWKXOEDUL

(14)

ZDOLLWXPHPSXQ\DLNHZHQDQJDQPHQJDWXUDODPVHPHVWDGDQ PHUHND ELVD PHPEHULPDGKDUDW GDQ PDQIDDW 3DGDKDO $OODK EHUILUPDQ

@

½¡Á

ç Z_ í½Â

ù›

ÿ

› þó

æË¢ï

ç ÂÔ¥

…¡

îÈÈ{

ù›

þôÔèó

> ´ -LND $OODK PHQLPSDNDQ VHVXDWX NHPDGKDUDWDQ NHSDGDPX PDND WLGDN DGD \DQJ GDSDW PHQJKLODQJNDQQ\D NHFXDOL 'LD 'DQ MLND $OODK PHQJKHQGDNL NHEDLNDQ EDJL NDPX PDND WLGDN DGD \DQJ GDSDW PHQRODN NDUXQLD1\Dµ <XQXV

7HUPDVXN V\LULN DGDODKEHUQDG]DU XQWXN VHODLQ $OODK

VHSHUWL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ RUDQJ \DQJ EHUQDG]DU PHPEHULOLOLQGDQODPSXXQWXNSDUDDKOLNXEXU

7HUPDVXN V\LULN EHVDU DGDODKPHQ\HPEHOLK ELQDWDQJ XQWXNVHODLQ$OODKSDGDKDO$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

Ât¡

î¥Âó

òÐç

>

´ 0DND GLULNDQODK VKDODW NDUHQD 7XKDQPX GDQ EHUNXUEDQODKµ$O.XWVDU

0DNVXGQ\D EHUNXUEDQODK KDQ\D XQWXN $OODK GDQ DWDV QDPD1\D5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

…¡

Zäó

¶¥¿

ú÷

…¡

úàó

´ $OODK PHODNQDW RUDQJ \DQJ PHQ\HPEHOLK XQWXN VHODLQ $OODKµ+50XVOLPVKDKLK0XVOLP1R

3DGD ELQDWDQJ VHPEHOLKDQ LWX WHUGDSDW GXD KDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ

(15)

DWDX NHWLND PHQJJDOL VXPXU PHUHND PHQ\HPEHOLK GL WHPSDW WHUVHEXW DWDX GL GHSDQ SLQWX JHUEDQJQ\D VHEDJDL VHPEHOLKDQ VHVDMHQNDUHQDWDNXWGDULJDQJJXDQMLQ

'L DQWDUD FRQWRK V\LULN EHVDU GDQ KDO LQL XPXP GLODNXNDQ² DGDODKPHQJKDODONDQDSD\DQJGLKDUDPNDQROHK $OODK DWDX VHEDOLNQ\D$WDX NHSHUFD\DDQ EDKZD VHVHRUDQJ PHPLOLNL KDN GDODP PDVDODK WHUVHEXW VHODLQ $OODK< $WDX EHUKXNXP NHSDGD SHUXQGDQJXQGDQJDQ MDKLOL\DK VHFDUD VXNDUHOD GDQDWDVNHPDXDQQ\D6HUD\DPHQJKDODONDQQ\DGDQ NHSHUFD\DDQ EDKZD KDO LWX GLEROHKNDQ $OODK PHQ\HEXWNDQ

NXIXUEHVDULQLGDODPILUPDQ1\D

@

…¡

ù

½ ú÷

¢¥¢¥Á—

ö¢¦ÿÁ

öÿÁ¢¦·—

¡

Àc¡

>

´ 0HUHND PHQMDGLNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ DOLPQ\D GDQ UDKLE UDKLEPHUHNDVHEDJDLWXKDQVHODLQ$OODKµ$W7DXEDK

.HWLND $GL ELQ KDWLP PHQGHQJDU D\DW WHUVHEXW \DQJ VHGDQJGLEDFD ROHK5DVXOXOODKU LD EHUNDWD´RUDQJRUDQJLWX WLGDNPHQ\HPEDKPHUHND5DVXOXOODKUGHQJDQWHJDVEHUVDEGD

¢÷

ö

ôß

ù

÷Ây

þû

ô¸¬È

ç …¡

õ·

¢÷

ön

ù

ôy

úðó

ò³—

ön

ö½¢¦ß

îô¬ç

þû

÷¸

ç …¡

ò·—

´%HQDUWHWDSLPHUDNDRUDQJRUDQJDOLPGDQSDUDUDKLE LWX PHQJKDODONDQ XQWXN PHUHND DSD \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ ROHK $OODK VHKLQJJD PHUHND PHQJDQJJDSQ\D KDODO 'DQ PHQJKDUDPNDQ DWDV PHUHND DSD \DQJ GLKDODONDQ ROHK $OODK VHKLQJJDPHUHNDPHQJDQJJDSQ\DVHEDJDLEDUDQJKDUDPLWXODK EHQWXNLEDGDKPHUHNDNHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJDOLPGDQUDKLE

OLKDWWDLVLUXO$]L]LO+DPLGKDO

(16)

$OODKPHQMHODVNDQGLDQWDUDVLIDWRUDQJRUDQJPXV\ULN DGDODKVHEDJDLPDQDGDODPILUPDQ1\D

@

êk¡

ú

½ ù

ü

¾

þó

ÇÁ

…¡

õ·

¢÷

ù

÷Ây

>

´ 'DQ PHUDND WLGDN PHQJKDUDPNDQ DSD \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ ROHK $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D GDQ WLGDN EHUDJDPD GHQJDQDJDPD\DQJEHQDUDJDPD$OODKµ$W7DXEDK

@

÷

öŒðŠó

þôó¡

ŠñÄûŠ—

¢÷

ö¬

Š—ÁŠ—

՘Α

’òŒë †

Š

·

¢÷¡Â·

þü÷

ö¬’ôഊç

Ç

éÃÁ

ú

ù

¬’è«

Ê

þôó¡

Šôß

õŠ—

öŒðŠó

Šù

Ê

¿Š— þôó•

>

È

ÒÖ

Æû

§Á

Ç

´ .DWDNDQODK 7HUDQJNDQODK NHSDGDNX WHQWDQJ UL]NL \DQJ GLWXUXQNDQ $OODK NHSDGDPX ODOX NDPX MDGLNDQ VHEDJLDQQ\D KDUDP GDQ VHEDJLDQQ\D KDODO .DWDNDQODK $SDNDK $OODK WHODK PHPEHULNDQ L]LQ NHSDGDPX WHQWDQJ LQL DWDXNDPXPHQJDGD DGDNDQNHGXVWDDQ DWDV$OODK"<XQXV

7HPDVXN V\LULN \DQJ EDQ\DN WHUMDGL DGDODK VLKLU SHUGXNXQDQ GDQ UDPDODQ $GDSXQ VLKLU LD WHUPDVXN SHUEXDWDQ NXIXU GDQ GL DQWDUD WXMXK GRVD EHVDU \DQJ PHQ\HEDENDQ NHELQDVDDQ 6LKLU KDQ\D PHQGDWDQJNDQ EDKD\D GDQ VDPD VHNDOL WLGDN EHUPDQIDDW EDJL PDQXVLD $OODK EHUILUPDQ

@

ö àèü

öÿÂÔ

¢÷

ù

øôà¬

>

´ 'DQ PHUHND PHPSHODMDUL VHVXDWX \DQJ PHPEHUL PDGKDUDWNHSDGDQ\DGDQWLGDNPHPEHULPDQIDDW$O%DTDUDK

@

«—

®

· ·¢Èó¡

¶ôè

>

´ 'DQ WLGDN DNDQ PHQDQJ WXNDQJ VLKLU LWX GDUL PDQD VDMDLDGDWDQJµ7KDKD

2UDQJ \DQJ PHQJDMDUNDQ VLKLU DGDODK NDILU $OODK<

(17)

`

¢÷

¸Èó¡

Å¢üó¡

Šù

øOôà

’¡

ŠèŠï

[

×¢

Ê

Ìó¡

ú

Ê

ðŠó

Œù¢ø

ŠôÇ

ŠèŠï

¢÷

Ç

¾·Š—

ú

Ê

÷

Ê

ù¢øOôà

¢÷

©

Á¢÷

©

Á¢ÿ

Šò

Ê

¥¢¦

Ê

¥

Ê

ú

ŠðŠôø’ó¡

Šôß

Šñ

Ê

ÄûŒ—

Š

Γ

¬·

Œè’ð« Š

Šç

ˆ¨ü¬

Ê

ç ú¸û

¢øû

Ê

›

>

ÎÍÏ

§Âì¦ó¡

§Á

Ç

´ 3DGDKDO 6XODLPDQ WLGDN NDILUWLGDN PHQJHUMDNDQ VLKLU KDQ\D V\DLWDQV\DLWDQ LWXODK \DQJ NDILU PHQJHUMDNDQ VLKLU 0HUHND PHQJDMDUNDQ VLKLU NHSDGD PDQXVLD GDQ DSD \DQJ GLWXUXQNDQNHSDGDGXDPDODLNDWGLQHJHULEDELO\DLWX+DUXWGDQ 0DUXW VHGDQJ NHGXDQ\D WLGDN PHQJDMDUNDQ VHVXDWX NHSDGD VHVHRUDQJSXQ VHEHOXP PHQJDWDNDQ ´ VHVXQJJXKQ\D NDPL KDQ\D FREDDQ EDJLPX VHEDE LWX MDQJDQODK NDPX NDILUµ $O %DTDUDK

+XNXPDQ EDJL WXNDQJ VLKLU DGDODK GLEXQXK SHNHUMDDQQ\DKDUDPGDQMDKDW2UDQJRUDQJERGRKVHVDWGDQ OHPDK LPDQ SHUJL NHSDGD SDUD WXNDQJ VLKLU XQWXN EHUEXDW MDKDWNHSDGDRUDQJODLQDWDXXQWXNPHPEDODVGHQGDPNHSDGD PHUHND 'L DQWDUD PDQXVLD DGD \DQJ PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ KDUDP GHQJDQ PHQGDWDQJL WXNDQJ VLKLU GDQ PHPRKRQ SHUWRORQJDQ SDGDQ\D DJDU WHUEHEDV GDUL SHQJDUXK VLKLU \DQJ PHQLPSDQ\D 3DGDKDO VHKDUXVQ\D LD PHQJDGX GDQ NHPEDOL NHSDGD $OODK PHPRKRQ NHVHPEXKDQ GHQJDQ .DODP1\D VHSHUWLGHQJDQ0X·DZZLG]DWVXUDW$O,NKODV$O)DODTGDQ$Q 1DDVGDQVHEDJDLQ\D

'XNXQ GDQ WXNDQJ UDPDO LWX PHPDQIDDWNDQ NHOHQJDKDQ RUDQJRUDQJ DZDP \DQJ PLQWD SHUWRORQJDQ SDGDQ\DXQWXNPHQJHUXNXDQJPHUHNDVHEDQ\DNEDQ\DNQ\D 0HUHND PHQJJXQDNDQ EDQ\DN VDUDQD XQWXN SHUEXDWDQQ\D WHUVHEXW 'L DQWDUDQ\D GHQJDQ PHPEXDW JDULV GL SDVLU PHPXNXO UXPDK VLSXW PHPEDFD JDULV WHODSDN WDQJDQFDQJNLUERODNDFDFHUPLQGVE

(18)

DNDQ EDKDJLD DWDX VHQJVDUD EDLN GDODP VRDO SHUQLNDKDQ SHUGDJDQJDQ PHQFDUL EDUDQJEDUDQJ \DQJ KLODQJ DWDX \DQJ VHPLVDOQ\D

+XNXP RUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDWDQJL WXNDQJ UDPDO DWDX GXNXQ MLND PHPSHUFD\DL WHUKDGDS DSD \DQJ GLNDWDNDQQ\D DGDODKNDILUNHOXDUGDULDJDPD,VODP5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

ñÄû—

¢`

Âèï

¾ìç

ñ

ì

¢`

þë¾Ðç

¢ç¡Âß

— ¢üÿ¢ï

«—

ú÷

ôß

¾øp

´%DUDQJVLDSDPHQGDWDQJLGXNXQGDQWXNDQJUDPDO ODOXPHPEHQDUNDQDSD\DQJGLNDWDNDQQ\DVXQJJXKGLDWHODK NXIXUWHUKDGDSDSD\DQJGLWXUXQNDQNHSDGD0XKDPPDGµ+5 $KPDGGDODPVKDKLKMDPL·KDGLWVQR

$GDSXQ MLND RUDQJ \DQJ GDWDQJ WHUVHEXW WLGDN PHPSHUFD\DL EDKZD PHUHND PHQJHWDKXL KDOKDO JKDLE WHWDSL PLVDOQ\D SHUJL XQWXN VHNHGDU LQJLQ WDKX FREDFRED DWDX VHMHQLVQ\D PDND LD WLGDN WHUJRORQJ RUDQJ NDILU WHWDSL VKDODWQ\DWLGDNGLWHULPDVHODPDHPSDWSXOXKKDUL5DVXOXOODK

UEHUVDEGD

¨ô

ó [à¥Á—

§

Ï þó

ò¦ì«

C ”

Ë úß

þó˜Èç

¢ç¡Âß

«—

ú÷

´%DUDQJ VLDSD PHQGDWDQJL WXNDQJ UDPDO ODOX LD PHQDQ\DNDQ SDGDQ\D WHQWDQJ VHVXDWX PDND WLGDN GL WHULPD VKDODWQ\D VHODPD HPSDW SXOXK PDODPµ 6KDKLK 0XVOLP

,QL PDVLK SXOD KDUXV GLEDUHQJL GHQJDQ WHWDS PHQGLULNDQVKDODWZDMLEGDQEHUWDXEDWDWDVQ\D

x .HSHUFD\DDQ DGDQ\D SHQJDUXK ELQWDQJ GDQ

SODQHWWHUKDGDSEHUEDJDLNHMDGLDQGDQNHKLGXSDQPDQXVLD 'DUL =DLG ELQ .KDOLG $O -XKDQL ,D EHUNDWD 5DVXOXOODKU

(19)

¡

ó¢ë

Ÿ

öð¥Á

ñ¢ë

¡¿¢÷

ù

Á¾«

òÿ

öôߗ

þó

ÇÁ

…¡

ñ¢ë

¶¦Ï—

ñ¢ë

ú÷

¢÷˜ç



Âç¢ï

: ú÷š÷

½¢¦ß

ú÷

îóÀç

þ¬gÁ

…¡

òÔè¥

¢ûÂØ÷

ñ¢ë

ú÷

¢÷—



¤ï

ðó¢¥

Âç¢ï

: ú÷š÷

îóÀç

¡Àï

¡Àï

”

ü¥ ¢ûÂØ÷

¤ï

ðó¢¥

ú÷š÷

: Âç¢ï

´ $SDNDK NDOLDQ PHQJHWDKXL DSD \DQJ GLILUPDQNDQ ROHK 5REE NDOLDQ" 0HUHND PHQMDZDE ´ $OODK GDQ 5DVXO1\D \DQJ OHELKPHQJHWDKXLµ$OODKEHUILUPDQ3DJLLQLGLDQWDUDKDPED.X DGD\DQJEHULPDQNHSDGD.XGDQDGDSXOD\DQJNDILU$GDSXQ RUDQJ \DQJ EHUNDWD NDPL GLEHUL KXMDQ GHQDJQ NDUXQLD $OODK GDQ UDKPDW1\D PDND GLD EHULPDQ NHSDGD.X GDQ NDILU WHUKDGDSELQWDQJ$GDSXQRUDQJ\DQJEHUNDWDKXMDQLQLWXUXQ NDUHQD ELQWDQJ LQL GDQ ELQWDQJ LWX PDND GLD WHODK NXIXU NHSDGD.X GDQ EHULPDQ NHSDGD ELQWDQJµ +5 $O %XNKDUL OLKDW )DWKXO%DDUL

7HUPDVXN GDODP KDO LQL DGDODK PHPSHUFD\DL$VWURORJL

UDPDODQELQWDQJVHSHUWL\DQJEDQ\DNNLWDWHPXLGL.RUDQGDQ PDMDODK -LND LD PHPSHUFD\DL DGDQ\D SHQJDUXK ELQWDQJ GDQ SODQHWSODQHW WHUVHEXW PDND GLD WHODK PXV\ULN -LND LD PHPEDFDQ\D VHNHGDU XQWXN KLEXUDQ PDND LD WHODK PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ PDNVLDW GDQ EHUGRVD 6HEDE WLGDN GLEROHKNDQ PHQFDUL KLEXUDQ GHQJDQ PHPEDFD KDOKDO V\LULN 'LVDPSLQJV\DLWDQWHUNDGDQJEHUKDVLOPHQJJRGDMLZDPDQXVLD VHKLQJJD LD SHUFD\D NHSDGD KDOKDO V\LULN WHUVHEXW PDND PHPEDFDQ\D WHUPDVXN VDUDQD GDQ MDODQ PHQXMX NHPXV\ULNDQ

(20)

0HUHND PHQJDOXQJNDQ EDUDQJEDUDQJ WHUVHEXW GL OHKHU DWDX SDGD DQDNDQDN PHUHND XQWXN PHQRODN¶DLQ SHQJDUXK MDKDW \DQJ GLVHEDENDQ ROHK UDVD GHQJNL VHVHRUDQJ GHQJDQ SDQGDQJDQPDWDQ\DNHQDPDWD'HPLNLDQDQJJDSDQPHUHND 7HUNDGDQJ PHUHND PHQJLNDWNDQ EDUDQJEDUDQJ WHUVHEXW SDGD EDGDQ PDQJJDQWXQJNDQQ\D GL PRELO DWDX UXPDK DWDX PHUHND PHQJHQDNDQ FLQFLQ GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL PDFDP EDWX SHUPDWD GLVHUWDL NHSHUFD\DDQ WHUWHQWX VHSHUWL XQWXN WRODN EDOD·DWDXXQWXNPHQJKLODQJNDQQ\D

+DOVHPDFDPLQLWDNGLUDJXNDQODJLVDQJDWEHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQSHULQWDKWDZDNNDONHSDGD$OODK'DQWLGDNODKKDOLWX PHQDPEDK NHSDGD PDQXVLD VHODLQ NHOHPDKDQ %HOXP ODJL LD WHUPDVXNEHUREDWGHQJDQVHVXDWX\DQJGLKDUDPNDQ

%HUEDJDL MLPDW \DQJ GLJDQWXQJNDQ VHEDJLDQ EHVDU GDUL SDGDQ\D WHUPDVXNV\LULN MDO\ \DQJ Q\DWD 'HPLNLDQ SXOD GHQJDQ PLQWD SHUWRORQJDQ NHSDGD VHEDJLDQ MLQ DWDX VHWDQ JDPEDUJDPEDU \DQJ WDN EHUPDNQD WXOLVDQWXOLVDQ \DQJ WDN EHUDUWL GDQ VHEDJDLQ\D 6HEDJLDQ WXNDQJ WHQXQJ VXODS PHQXOLV D\DWD\DW $O 4XU·DQ GDQ PHQFDPSXUDGXNNDQQ\D GHQJDQ KDO ODLQ \DQJ WHUPDVXN V\LULN %DKNDQ VHEDJLDQ PHUHNDPHQXOLVD\DWD\DW$O4XU·DQGHQJDQEDUDQJ\DQJQDMLV DWDX GHQJDQ GDUDK KDLG 0HQJJDQWXQJNDQ DWDX PHQJLNDWNDQ VHJDOD\DQJGLVHEXWNDQGLDWDVDGDODKKDUDP,QLEHUGDVDUNDQ VDEGD1DELU

íÂ˗

¾ìç

¨ø

d êôß

ú÷

´ %DUDQJVLDSD \DQJ PHQJJDQWXQJNDQ MLPDW PDND GLD WHODKEHUEXDWV\LULN

2UDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ WHUVHEXW MLND LD PHPSHUFD\DL EDKZD EHUEDJDL KDO LWX ELVD PHQGDWDQJNDQ PDQIDDWDWDXPDGKDUDWGHQJDQVHQGLULQ\DVHODLQ$OODKPDND GLDWHODKPDVXNGDODPJRORQJDQSHODNXV\LULNEHVDU'DQMLND LDPHPSHUFD\DLEDKZDEHUEDJDLKDOLWXPHUXSDNDQVHEDEEDJL GDWDQJQ\D PDQIDDW SDGDKDO $OODK WLGDN PHQMDGLNDQQ\D

(21)

VHEDJDLVHEDEPDNDGLDWHODKWHUMHUXPXVSDGDSHUEXWDQV\LULN NHFLOGDQLQLPDVXNGDODPNDWHJRULV\LUNXODVEDE

5L\D·GDODPLEDGDK

'L DQWDUD V\DUDW GLWHULPDQ\D DPDO VKDOHK DGDODK EHUVLK GDUL UL\D· GDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ VXQQDK 2UDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ LEDGDK GHQJDQ PDNVXG DJDU GLOLKDW RUDQJ ODLQ PDND LD WHODK WHUMHUXPXV SDGD SHUEXDWDQ V\LULN NHFLO GDQ DPDOQ\D PHQMDGL VLDVLD EHODND 0LVDOQ\D VKDODW DJDU GLOLKDW RUDQJ ODLQ $OODK EHUILUPDQ

@

¡ Mù

Ê

›

Ê

§Š

Ðó¡

Šó

Ê

› ’¡

÷¢Šë

¡Š¿

Ê

›

ö ß

Ê

½¢»

ÿ

þôó¡

Šù

ß

Ê

½¢¼

[

Ê

ì

Ê

ç¢üø’ó

†

Ê

ôŠë

M

Ê

› þôó¡

Šù

Œï’À

Š

Å¢üó¡

Šù

™•Â

Šó¢ÈŒï ’¡

÷¢Šë

>

ÎÑÏ

§Á

Ç

”¢Èüó¡

´ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D RUDQJRUDQJ PXQDILN LWX PHQLSX $OODK GDQ$OODKDNDQPHPEDODVWLSXDQPHUHND'DQDSDELODPHUHND EHUGLUL XQWXN VKDODW PHUHND EHUGLUL GHQJDQ PDODV 0HUHND EHUPDNVXG UL\D· GHQJDQ VKDODW GL KDGDSDQ DOODK 'DQ WLGDNODK PHUHND PHQ\HEXW $OODK NHFXDOL VHGLNLW VHNDOLµ $Q 1LVDD

'HPLNLDQ MXJD MLND LD PHODNXNDQ VXDWX DPDODQ GHQJDQ WXMXDQ DJDU GLEHULWDNDQ GDQ GLGHQJDU ROHK RUDQJ ODLQ LD WHUPDVXN V\LULN NHFLO 5DVXOXOODK U PHPEHUL SHULQJDWDQ NHSDGD PHUHND GDODP KDGLWV \DQJ GL ULZD\DWNDQ ROHK ,EQX $EEDVW

þ¥

…¡

”¡Á

”¡Á

ú÷

þ¥

…¡

Þi

Þi

ú÷

´%DUDQJVLDSD PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ VXP·DK QLVFD\D $OODK DNDQ PHQ\HEDUNDQ DLEQ\D GDQ EDUDQJ VLDSD PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQUL\D·QLVFD\D$OODKDNDQPHQ\HEDUNDQDLEQ\Dµ+5 0XVOLP

(22)

ULGKD $OODK PDND DPDODQQ\D PHQMDGL VLDVLD EHODND VHSHUWL GLVHEXWNDQGDODPKDGLWVTXGVL

à÷ þ

ç íÂ˗

øß

òøß

ú÷



íÂÌó¡

úß

”¢ïÂÌó¡

Xã—

¢û—

þïÂË

þ¬ï«

´ $NX DGDODK VHNXWX \DQJ 0DKD &XNXS VDQJDW PHQRODN SHUEXDWDQ V\LULN EDUDQJVLDSD PHODNXNDQ VXDWX DPDO GHQJDQ GLFDPSXUL SHUEXDWDQ V\LULN NHSDGD.X QLVFD\D $NX WLQJJDONDQ GLD GDQ WLGDN DNX WHULPD DPDO V\LULNQ\Dµ +5 0XVOLP +DGLWVQR

%DUDQJVLDSD PHODNXNDQ VXDWX DPDO VKDOLK WLEDWLED WHUGHWLN GDODP KDWLQ\D SHUDVDDQ UL\D· WHWDSL LD PHPEHQFL SHUDVDDQ WHUVHEXW EHUXVDKD PHODZDQ GDQ PHQ\LQJNLUNDQQ\D PDNDDPDODQQ\DWHWDSVDK%HUEHGDKDOQ\DMLNDLDKDQ\DGLDP GHQJDQ WLPEXOQ\D SHUDVDDQ UL\D· WHUVHEXW WLGDN EHUXVDKD PHQ\LQJNLUNDQ EDKNDQ PDODK PHQLNPDWLQ\D PDND PHQXUXW VHEDJLDQ EHVDU XODPD DPDO \DQJ GLODNXNDQQ\D PHQMDGL EDWDO GDQVLDVLD

7KL\DUDK

7KL\DUDK DGDODK PHUDVD EHUQDVLE VLDO DWDX PHUDPDO QDVLE EXUXN NDUHQD PHOLKDW EXUXQJ ELQDWDQJ ODLQQ\D DWDX DSDVDMD$OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

ýÀÿ

¢üó

¡

ó¢ë

¨üÈk¡

ö”¢³

¡¿œç

Ç

` ¡

¨ 

Ç ö ¦Ð«

ù›

þà÷

ú÷

>

´.HPXGLDQ DSDELOD GDWDQJ NHSDGD PHUHND NHPDNPXUDQ PHUHND EHUNDWD ,QL DGDODK NDUHQD XVDKD NDPLµ 'DQ MLND PHUHND GLWLPSD NHVXVDKDQ PHUHND OHPSDUNDQ VHEDE NHVLDODQ LWXNHSDGD0XVDGDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHVHUWDQ\Dµ$O$·UDI

(23)

GHQJDQEXUXQJ6DODKVHRUDQJGDULPHUHNDPHPHJDQJEXUXQJ ODOX PHOHSDVNDQQ\D -LND EXUXQJ LWX WHUEDQJ NHDUDK NDQDQ PDND LD RSWLPLV VHKLQJJD PHODQJVXQJNDQ SHNHUMDDQQ\D VHEDOLNQ\D MLND EXUXQJ LWX WHUEDQJ NH DUDK NLUL PDND LD PHUDVD EHUQDVLE VLDO GDQ PHQJXUXQJNDQ SHNHUMDDQ \DQJ GLLQJLQNDQQ\D

2OHK 1DEL U KXNXP SHUEXDWDQ WHUVHEXW GLWHUDQJNDQ GDODPVDEGDQ\D

íÂË

§ZØó¡

´7KL\DUDKDGDODKV\LULNµ

7HUPDVXN GDODP NHSHUFD\DDQ \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ \DQJ MXJD PHQJKLODQJNDQ NHVHPSXUQDDQ WDXKLG DGDODK PHUDVD EHUQDVLEVLDOGHQJDQEXODQ²EXODQWHUWHQWX6HSHUWLWLGDNPDX PHODNXNDQ SHUQLNDKDQ SDGD EXODQ VKDIDU -XJD NHSHUFD\DDQ EDKZDKDULUDEX\DQJMDWXKSDGDDNKLUVHWLDSEXODQPHPEDZD NHUXJLDQ WHUXV PHQHUXV 7HUPDVXN MXJD PHUDVD VLDO GHQJDQ DQJND QDPDQDPD WHUWHQWX DWDX RUDQJ FDFDW 0LVDOQ\D MLNDLDSHUJLPHPEXNDWRNRQ\DODOXGLMDODQPHOLKDWRUDQJEXWD VHEHODK PDWDQ\D VHUWD PHUWD LD PHUDVD EHUQDVLE VLDO VHKLQJJD PHQJXUXQJNDQ QLDW PHPEXND WRNR -XJD EHUEDJDL NHSHUFD\DDQ\DQJVHPLVDOQ\D

6HPXD KDO GL DWDV KXNXPQ\D KDUDP GDQ WHUPDVXN V\LULN 5DVXOXOODKU EHUOHSDV GLUL GDUL PHUHND 6HEDJDLPDQ GLVHEXWNDQGDODPKDGLWVULZD\DW,PUDQELQ+XVKDLQ

þó

ú

ËÊ

Œð«

ú Šð«

þó

Â

ŒØ«

ZØ«

ú÷

¢ü÷

Æ

ó

ñ¢ë

þüۗ

þó

Â

Ê

¸Ç

— ¸Ç

—

´ 7LGDN WHUPDVXN JRORQJDQ NDPL RUDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ DWDX PHPLQWD WDWKD\\XU PHUDPDO DWDX PHPLQWD GLUDPDONDQ GDQ VD\D NLUD MXJD EHUVDEGD GDQ \DQJ PHQ\LKLU DWDX \DQJ PHPLQWDGLVLKLUNDQ

(24)

2UDQJ \DQJ WHUMHUXPXV PHODNXNDQ KDOKDO GLDWDV KHQGDNQ\D PHPED\DU NDIIDUDW GHQGD VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLWXQWXQNDQ1DELU

ó¡

þ«½Á

ú÷

¡

ó¢ë

íÂ˗

¾ìç

¨³¢·

ú÷

§ZØ

…¡

ñ

ÇÁ

¢

§Á¢èï¢÷

ñ¢ë

Ÿ

îó¿

öï¾·—

ñ

ì

ù—

íÂ

Š×

¢Mó

Ê

› Â

Š×

Š

íÂ

»

M

Ê

› Â

»

Š

ö ôó¡

íÂ

Šã

þŠó

Ê

› Š

´ EDUDQJVLDSD \DQJ NHSHUFD\DDQ WKL\DUDKQ\D PHQJXUXQJNDQ KDMDW \DQJ KHQGDN GLODNXNDQQ\D PDND LD WHODKEHUODNXV\LULNPHUHNDEHUWDQ\D:DKDL5DVXOXOODKDSD NDIIDUDW WHEXVDQ GDUL SDGDQ\D" %HOLDX EHUVDEGD +HQGDNODK VDODK VHVHRUDQJ GDUL PHUHND PHQJDWDNDQ ´ \D $OODK WLDGD NHEDLNDQ NHFXDOL NHEDLNDQ GDUL (QJNDX WLDGD NHVLDODQ NHFXDOL NHVLDODQ GDUL (QJNDX GDQ WLGDN DGD VHPEDKDQ\DQJKDNVHODLQ(QJNDX

0HUDVD SHVLPLV DWDX EHUQDVLE VLDO WHUPDVXN VDODK VDWX WDELDWMLZDPDQXVLD6XDWXVDDWSHUDVDDQLWXPHQHNDQEHJLWX NXDW GDQ SDGD VDDW \DQJ ODLQ PHOHPDK 3HQDZDUQ\D \DQJ SDOLQJDPSXKDGDODKWDZDNNDONHSDGD$OODK

,EQX0DVXGWEHUNDWD

› ¢ü÷

¢÷

îó¿

ú÷

”

Ë þÈèû

? Þì

›

—

…¡

úðó

òï

¬ó¢¥

þ¦ÿÀ

´'DQWLDGDVHRUDQJSXQGLDQWDUDNLWDNHFXDOLWHODKWHUMDGL GDODP MLZDQ\D VHVXDWX GDUL KDO LQL KDQ\D VDMD $OODK PHQJKLODQJNDQQ\DGHQJDQWDZDNNDONHSDGD1\D

%HUVXPSDKGHQJDQQDPDVHODLQ$OODK

$OODK EHUVXPSDK GHQJDQ QDPD DSD VDMD \DQJ ,D NHKHQGDNL GDUL VHJHQDS PDNKOXN1\D 6HGDQJNDQ PDNKOXN

+DGLWVULZD\DW,PDP$KPDG$VVLOVLODK$VKVKDKLKDKQR KDGLWV LQL OHPDK VHEDLNQ\D GLVHEXWNDQ GHQJDQ PHQHUDQJNDQNHOHPDKDQQ\DELQ%D]

(25)

PHUHND WLGDN GL EROHKNDQ EHUVXPSDK GHQJDQ QDPD VHODLQ $OODK1DPXQELODNLWDVDNVLNDQNHQ\DWDDQVHKDULKDULEHWDSD EDQ\DNRUDQJ\DQJEHUVXPSDKGHQJDQQDPDVHODLQ$OODK

6XPSDK VDODK VDWX EHQWXN SHQJDJXQJDQ .DUHQDQ\D LD WLGDN OD\DN GLEHULNDQ NHFXDOL NHSDGD $OODK< 'DODP VHEXDK KDGLWVPDUIX·GDUL,EQX8PDUGLULZD\DWNDQ

…¢¥

æô¸

ôç

¢èó¢·

ù¢ï

ú÷



ö🢥–¥

¡

èôb

ù—

öï¢ ü

…¡

ù›

—

ªøÐ

ó

—

´.HWDKXLODK VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK PHODUDQJ NDOLDQ EHUVXPSDK GHQJDQ QDPD QHQHN PR\DQJPX %DUDQJ VLDSD EHUVXPSDK KHQGDNQ\D LD EHUVXPSDK GHQJDQ QDPD $OODK DWDX GLDP

'DQGDODPKDGLWV,EQX8PDU\DQJODLQ

íÂ˗

¾ìç

…¡

Zä¥

æô·

ú÷

´%DUDQJVLDSDEHUVXPSDKGHQJDQQDPDVHODLQ$OODKPDND GLD WHODK EHUEXDW V\LULNµ +5 ,PDP $KPDG OLKDW SXOD VKDKLKLOMDPL·

'DODPKDGLWVODLQ1DELUEHUVDEGD

¢ü÷

Æ

ôç

¨û¢÷

¢¥

æô·

ú÷

´ EDUDQJ VLDSD EHUVXPSDK GHPL DPDQDW PDND GLD WLGDN WHUPDVXN JRORQJDQNXµ +5 DEX 'XZXG QR GDQ VLOVLODK $VK6KDKLKDK

.DUHQD LWX WLGDN EROHK VXPSDK GHPL .D·EDK GHPL DPDQDW GHPL NHPXOLDDQ GDQ GHPL SHUWRORQJDQ -XJD WLGDN EROHK EHUVXPSDKGHQJDQEHUNDKDWDXKLGXSVHVHRUDQJ7LGDN SXOD GHQJDQ NHPXOLDDQ 1DEL SDUD ZDOL QHQHN PR\DQJ DWDX DQDNWHUWXD6HPXDKDOWHUVHEXWDGDODKKDUDP

%DUDQJVLDSD WHUMHUXPXV PHODNXNDQ VXPSDK WHUVHEXW PDND NDIIDUDWQ\D WHEXVDQQ\D DGDODK PHPEDFD ODD ,ODDKD ,OODOODKVHEDJDLPDQDWHUVHEXWGDODPKDGLWVVKDKLK

(26)

…¡

› þó›

òì

ôç

Äàó¡

©

ó¢¥

þèô·

? ñ¢ìç

æô·

ú÷

´EDUDQJVLDSDEHUVXPSDKNHPXGLDQGDODPVXPSDKQ\DLD EHUNDWDGHPLODWWDGDQ¶X]]DPDNDKHQGDQ\DLDPHQJXFDSNDQ /DD,ODDKD,OODOODDKµ+5$O%XNKDULIDWKXO%DUL

7HUPDVXN GDODP EDE LQL DGDODK EHEHUDSD ODIDG] V\LULN GDQ ODIDG] \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ \DQJ ELDVD GLXFDSNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ NDXP PXVOLPLQ 'L DQWDUDQ\D DGDODK $NX EHUOLQGXQJ NHSDGD $OODK GDQ NHSDGDPX VD\D EHUWDZDNNDO NHSDGD$OODKGDQNHSDGDPXLQLDGDODKGDUL$OODKGDQGDULPX WDN DGD \DQJ ODLQ EDJLNX VHODLQ $OODK GDQ NDPX GL ODQJLW FXNXS EDJLNX $OODK GDQ GL EXPL FXNXS EDJLNX NDPX NDODX EXNDQNDUHQD$OODKGDQIXODQVD\DWHUOHSDVGLULGDUL,VODP

ZDKDLZDNWX\DQJVLDODODPEHUNHKHQGDN ODLQ

7HUPDVXNGDODPEDELQLSXODDGDODKVHPXDQDPDQDPD \DQJ GLKDPEDNDQ NHSDGD VHODLQ $OODK VHSHUWL $EGXO 0DVLK $EGXQ1DEL$EGXU5DVXO$EGXO+XVDLQ

'L $QWDUD LVWLODK GDQ VHPER\DQ PRGHUQ \DQJ EHUWHQWDQJDQ GHQJDQ WDXKLG DGDODK ,VODP VRVLDOLV GHPRNUDVL ,VODP NHKHQGDN UDN\DW DGDODK NHKHQGDN 7XKDQ DJDPD XQWXN $OODK GDQ WDQDK DLU XQWXN VHPXD DWDV QDPD DUDELVPHDWDXQDPDUHYROXVLGVE

7HUPDVXN KDO \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ DGDODK PHPEHULNDQ JHODU UDMD GLUDMD KDNLP SDUD KDNLP DWDX JHODU VHMHQLVQ\D NHSDGD VHVHRUDQJ 0HPDQJJLO GHQJDQ QDPD VD\\LG WXDQ DWDX \DQJ VHPDNQD NHSDGD RUDQJ PXQDILN DWDX NDILU GHQJDQ EDKDVD DUDE DWDX EDKDVD ODLQQ\DPHQJJXQDNDQ NDWD ´ DQGDLNDWDµ \DQJ PHQXQMXNNDQ SHQ\HVDODQ GDQ NHEHQFLDQ VHKLQJJD PHPEXND SLQWX EDJL V\DLWDQ 7HUPDVXN MXJD \DQJ

<DQJ EHQDU KHQGDNQ\D GLXFDSNDQ GHQJDQ NDWD NHPXGLDQ 0LVDOQ\D VD\D EHUKDVLO NDUHQD $OODK NHPXGLDQ NDUHQD NDPX 'HPLNLDQSXODKHQGDNQ\DGDODPODIDG]ODIDG]\DQJODLQ%LQ%D] 'HPLNLDQ SXOD GHQJDQ VHWLDS NDOLPDW \DQJ PHQJDQGXPJ

(27)

GLODUDQJDGDODKXFDSDQ´<D$OODKDPSXQLODKDNXMLND(QJNDX PHQJKHQGDNLµ

'XGXN EHUVDPD RUDQJRUDQJ PXQDILN DWDX IDVLN XQWXNEHUDPDKWDPDK

%DQ\DN RUDQJ OHPDK LPDQ EHUJDXO GHQJDQ VHEDJLDQ RUDQJ IDVLN GDQ DKOL PDNVLDW EDKNDQ PXQJNLQ EHUJDXO SXOD GHQJDQ VHEDJLDQ RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJKLQD V\DULDW ,VODP PHOHFHKNDQ,VODPGDQSDUDSHQJDQXWQ\D

7LGDN GLUDJXNDQ ODJL SHUEXDWDQ VHPDFDP LWX DGDODK KDUDPGDQPHPEXDWFDFDWDNLGDK$OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

ߊ˜Šç

¢ü

Ê

«¢

•

Ê

ç Šù

Ó

¼

ú

Ê

ÀMó¡

ª

Š—Á

¡Š¿

Ê

›

Ê

ç ’¡

Ó

¼

¬·

ö üß

Ñ

Ê

Â

Ê

õ

Šì’ó¡

Þ÷

’ïOÀó¡

¾à¥ ¾à’ì«

Š

Šç

Œù¢ŠØ

Ìó¡

îü

Ê

Èü

¢÷

Ê

›

ý

Ê

Ê

Â

Šã

Ç

®

Ê

¾·

[

Ê

ø

Ê

ó¢MÜó¡

>

ÓÕ

õ¢àû

¡ §Á

Ç

´'DQ DSDELOD NDPX PHOLKDW RUDQJRUDQJ PHPSHURORN RORNNDQ D\DWD\DW NDPL PDND WLQJJDONDQODK PHUHND VHKLQJJD PHUHNDPHPELFDUDNDQSHPELFDUDDQ\DQJODLQGDQMLNDV\DLWDQ PHQMDGLNDQ NDPX OXSD DNDQ ODUDQJDQ LQL PDND MDQJQODK NDPX GXGXN EHUVDPD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ ]KDOLP LWX VHVXGDK WHULQJDWDNDQODUDQJDQLWX$O$Q·DP

.DUHQDQ\D MLND NHDGDDQ PHUHND VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLVHEXWNDQ ROHK D\DW GL PXND EHWDSDSXQ KXEXQJDQ NHNHUDEDWDQ NHUDPDKDQ GDQ PDQLVQ\D PXOXW PHUHND NLWD GLODUDQJGXGXNEHUVDPDPHUHNDNHFXDOLEDJLRUDQJ\DQJLQJLQ EHUGDNZDK NHSDGD PHUHND PHPEDQWDK NHEDWLODQ DWDX PHQJLQJNDUL PHUHND PDND KDO LWX GLEROHKNDQ $GDSXQ ELOD KDQ\D GHQJDQ GLDP DWDX PDODK UHOD GHQJDQ NHDGDDQ PHUHND PDNDKXNXPQ\DKDUDP$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

[ìÇ¢èó¡

õ

ìó¡

úß

ÓÂ

…¡

ùœç

ö üß

¡

Ó«

ùœç

>

(28)

´-LND VHNLUDQ\D NDPX ULGKD NHSDGD PHUHND PDND VHVXQJJXKQ\D $OODK WLGDN ULGKD NHSDGD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ IDVLNµ$W7DXEDK

7,'$.7+80$·1,1$+'$/$06+$/$7

'LDQWDUDNHMDKDWDQSHQFXULDQWHUEHVDUDGDODKSHQFXULDQ GDODPVKDODW5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

¡

ó¢ë



þ«

Ï ú÷

éÂÈ

Àó¡

¨ëÂÇ

Å¢üó¡

—

Ǘ

ñ

ÇÁ¢



…¡

ñ¢ë

Ÿ

þ«

Ï ú÷

éÂÈ

æ

ï

¢ÿ½

´Ç

¢ ß

ïÁ

ö¬

´6HMDKDWMDKDWSHQFXULDGDODKRUDQJ\DQJPHQFXULGDODP VKDODWQ\D PHUHND EHUWDQ\D ´ EDJDLPDQD LD PHQFXUL GDODP VKDODWQ\D" %HOLDX PHQMDZDE ,D WLGDN PHQ\HPSXUQDNDQ UXNX·GDQVXMXGQ\D

0HQLQJJDONDQ 7KXPD·QLQDK WLGDN PHOXUXVNDQ GDQ

PHQGLDPNDQ SXQJJXQJ VHVDDW NHWLND UXNX· GDQ VXMXG WLGDN WHJDNNHWLNDEDQJNLWGDULUXNX·VHUWDNHWLNDGXGXNDQWDUDGXD VXMXGVHPXDQ\DPHUXSDNDQNHELDVDDQ\DQJVHULQJGLODNXNDQ ROHK VHEDJLDQ EHVDU NDXP PXVOLPLQ %DKNDQ KDPSLU ELVD GLNDWDNDQ WDN DGD VDWX PDVMLG SXQ NHFXDOL GL GDODPQ\D WHUGDSDW RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN WKXPD·QLQDK GDODP VKDODWQ\D

7KXPD·QLQDK DGDODK UXNXQ VKDODW WDQSD PHODNXNDQQ\D VKDODW PHQMDGL WLGDN VDK ,QL VXQJJXK SHUVRDODQ \DQJ VDQJDW VHULXV5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

½

´Èó¡

Ý

ïÂó¡

? ýÂ Û ö

ì

ò³Âó¡

§

Ï Äa

´ 7LGDN VDK VKDODW VHVHRUDQJ VHKLQJJD LD PHQHJDNNDQ PHOXUXVNDQ SXQJJXQJQ\D NHWLND UXNX· GDQ VXMXG ´ + 5 $EX 'DZXGGDODPVKDKLKMDPL·KDGLWV1D

+DGLWV ULZD\DW ,PDP $KPDG GDQ GDODP6KDKLKXO MDPL· KDGLWVQR

(29)

7DN GLUDJXNDQ ODJL LQL VXDWX NHPXQJNDUDQ SHODNXQ\D KDUXVGLFHJDKGDQGLSHULQJDWNDQDNDQDQFDPDQQ\D

$EX $EGLOODK $O $V\·DUL EHUNDWD ´ VXDWX NHWLND 5DVXOXOODKU VKDODW EHUVDPD VKDKDEDWQ\D NHPXGLDQ %HOLDX GXGXN EHUVDPD VHNHORPSRN GDUL PHUHND 7LEDWLED VHRUDQJ ODNLODNL PDVXN GDQ EHUGLUL PHQXQDLNDQ VKDODW 2UDQJ LWX UXNX·ODOXVXMXGGHQJDQFDUDPHPDWXNPDND 5DVXOXOODKU

EDUVDEGD

Âìü



¾øp

¨ô÷

ôß

©¢÷

¡Àÿ

ôß

©¢÷

ú÷

Ÿ

¡Àÿ

ù

«—

ý½

´Ç

? Âìü

ÞïÂ

Àó¡

ò°÷

¢v›



õ¾ó¡

£¡Âäó¡

Âìü

¢øï

þ«

Ï

þüß

ù¢

üä

¡¿¢øç

[«Âø¬ó¡

§Âø¬ó¡

› òï˜

ޟ¢j¢ï

´ $SDNDK NDOLDQ PHQ\DNVLNDQ RUDQJ LQL " EDUDQJ VLDSD PHQLQJJDO GDODP NHDGDDQ VHSHUWL LQL VKDODWQ\D PDND GLD PHQLQJJDO GDODP NHDGDDQ GL OXDU DJDPD 0XKDPPDG ,D PHPDWXNGDODPVKDODWQ\DVHEDJDLPDQEXUXQJJDJDNPHPDWXN GDUDK 6HVXQJJXKQ\D SHUXPSDPDDQ RUDQJ \DQJ VKDODW GDQ PHPDWXN GDODP VXMXGQ\D EDJDLNDQ RUDQJ ODSDU \DQJ WLGDN PDNDQNHFXDOLVHEXWLUDWDXGXDEXWLUNXUPDEDJDLPDQDLDELVD PHUDVDFXNXSNHQ\DQJGHQJDQQ\Dµ

=DLG ELQ ZDKE EHUNDWD +XG]DLIDK SHUQDK PHOLKDW VHRUDQJODNLODNLWLGDNPHQ\HPSXUQDNDQUXNX·GDQVXMXGQ\DLD ODOX EHUNDWD NDPX EHOXP VKDODW VHDQGDLQ\D HQJNDX PDWL GHQJDQ PHPEDZD VKDODW VHSHUWL LQL QLVFD\D HQJNDX PDWL GL

6XMXG GHQJDQ FDUD PHPDWXN PDNVXGQ\D VXMXG GHQJDQ FDUD WLGDN PHQHPSHONDQ KLGXQJ GHQJDQ ODQWDL GHQJDQ NDWD ODLQ VXMXG LWX WLGDN VHPSXUQD VXMXG \DQJ VHPSXUQD DGDODK VHEDJDLPDQDGLVHEXWNDQGDODPKDGLWV,EQX$EEDVEDKZDVDQ\DLD PHQGHQJDU1DELU EHVDEGD´MLNDVHVHRUDQJKDPEDVXMXGPDND LD VXMXG GHQJD WXMXK DQJJRWD EDGDQQ\D ZDMDK GXD WHODSDN WDQJDQGXD OXWXW GDQGXDWHODSDNNDNLQ\Dµ +5 -DPDDK NHFXDOL %XNKDULOLKDWILTKXVVXQQDKVD\\LGVDELT

(30)

OXDU ILWUDK ,VODP \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ ILWUDK GLFLSWDNDQQ\D 0XKDPPDGU

2UDQJ \DQJ WLGDN WKXPD·QLQDK GDODP VKDODW VHGDQJ LD PHQJHWDKXL KXNXPQ\D PDND ZDMLE EDJLQ\D PHQJXODQJL VKDODWQ\D VHNHWLND GDQ EHUWDXEDW DWDV VKDODWVKDODW \DQJ GLD ODNXNDQ WDQSD WKXPD·QLQDK SDGD PDVDPDVD ODOX ,D WLGDN ZDMLE PHQJXODQJL VKDODWVKDODWQ\D GL PDVD ODOX EHUGDVDUNDQ KDGLWV

òЫ

C îûœç

òÐç

Þ³Á¡

´.HPEDOLODKGDQVKDODWODKVHVXQJJXKQ\DHQJNDXEHOXP VKDODW

%$1<$. 0(/$.8.$1 *(5$.$1 6,$6,$ '$/$0 6+$/$7

6HEDJLDQXPDW,VODPKDPSLUWDNWHUHODNNDQGDULEHQFDQD LQL \DNQL PHODNXNDQ JHUDNDQ \DQJ WDN DGD JXQDQ\D GDODP VKDODW 0HUHND WLGDN PHPDWXKL SHULQWDK $OODK GDODP ILUPDQ1\D

@

[¬û¢ë

… ¡

÷

ë

>

´ %HUGLULODK NDUHQD $OODK GDODP VKDODWPX GHQJDQ NKXV\X·$OEDTDUDK

MXJDWLGDNPHPDKDPLILUPDQ$OODK

@

ù

àË¢»

ö

Ï ? öÿ

ú

Àó¡

ù

ü÷šm¡

¶ôç—

¾ë

>

´ 6HVXQJJXKQ\D EHUXQWXQJODK RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ \DLWX RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ NKXV\X· GDODP VKDODWQ\Dµ $O 0X·PLQXXQ

6XDWX VDDW 5DVXOXOODK U GLWDQ\D WHQWDQJ KXNXP PHUDWDNDQWDQDKNHWLNDVXMXG%HOLDXPHQMDZDE

È«

§¾·¡

ç

ᛇ

¾¥

ªüï

ùœç

ôЫ

ªû—

¶Èd

Ðk¡

¨

(31)

´ -DQJDQ HQJNDX PHQJXVDS VHGDQJ HQJNDX GDODP NHDGDDQ VKDODW MLNDWHUSDNVD KDUXV PZODNXNDQQ\D PDND FXNXSVHNDOLPHUDWDNDQNHULNLO

3DUD XODPD PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDQ\DN JHUDNDQ VHFDUD EHUWXUXWWXUXW WDQSD GLEXWXKNDQ GDSDW PHPEDWDONDQ VKDODW $SDODJLMLND\DQJGLODNXNDQWLGDNDGDJXQDQ\DGDODPVKDODW %HUGLUL GL KDGDSDQ $OODK < VDPELO PHOLKDW MDP WDQJDQ PHPEHWXONDQ SDNDLDQ PHPDVXNNDQ MDUL NH GDODP KLGXQJ PHOHPSDU SDQGDQJDQ NH NLUL NDQDQ DWDX NH DWDV ODQJLW ,D WLGDN WDNXW NDODXNDODX $OODK PHQFDEXW SHQJOLKDWDQQ\D DWDX V\DLWDQPHODODLNDQQ\DGDULLEDGDKVKDODW

0(1'$+8/8, ,0$0 6(&$5$ 6(1*$-$ '$/$0 6+$/$7

'L DQWDUD WDELDW PDQXVLD DGDODK WHUJHVDJHVD GDODP WLQGDNDQQ\D$OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

´ß

ù¢Èû

¡ ù¢ï

>

´'DQDGDODKPDQXVLDEHUVLIDWWHUJHVDJHVDµ$O ,VUD·

1DELUEHUVDEGD

ù¢Ø

Ìó¡

ú÷

¨ô´àó¡

…¡

ú÷

H˜¬ó¡

3HODQSHODQ DGDODK GDUL $OODK GDQ WHUJHVDJHVD DGDODK GDULV\DLWDQµ

'DODP VKDODW MDPDDK VHULQJ RUDQJ PHQ\DNVLNDQ GL NDQDQ NLULQ\D EDQ\DN RUDQJ \DQJ PHQGDKXOXL LPDP GDODP UXNX· GDQ VXMXG WDNELU SHUSLQGDKDQ EDKNDQ KLQJJD PHQGDKXOXL VDODP LPDP 0XQJNLQ GHQJDQ WDN GLVDGDUL KDO LWXMXJDWDUMDGLSDGDGLULQ\DVHQGLUL

+DGLWVULZD\DW$EX'DZXGGDODPVKDKLKLOMDPL·KDGLVWQR ,PDP0XVOLPPHULZD\DWNDQKDGLWVVHQDGDGDUL0XDLTLE %LQ%D]

(32)

3HUEXDWDQ \DQJ EDUDQJNDOL GLDQJJDS SHUVRDODQ UHPHK ROHK VHEDJLDQ EHVDU XPDW ,VODP LWX ROHK 5DVXOXOODK U

GLSHULQJDWNDQGDQGLDQFDPVHFDUDNHUDVGDODPVDEGDQ\D

ŗÁ

þǗÁ

…¡

ñ

y ù—

õ¢÷

¡ ò¦ë

þǗÁ

ÞçÂ

Àó¡

Ìz

¢÷—

Á¢g

´7LGDNNDK WDNXW RUDQJ \DQJ PHQJDQJNDW NHSDODQ\D VHEHOXP LPDP EDKZD $OODK DNDQ PHQJXEDK NHSDODQ\D PHQMDGLNDSDODNHOHGDLµ+50XVOLP

-LND VDMD RUDQJ \DQJ KHQGDN PHODNXNDQ VKDODW GLWXQWXWXQWXNPHQGDWDQJLQ\DGHQJDQWHQDQJDSDODJLGHQJDQ VKDODWLWXVHQGLUL

7HWDSL WHUNDGDQJ RUDQJ PHPDKDPL ODUDQJDQ PHQGDKXOXL LPDP LWX GHQJDQ KDUXV WHUODPEDW GDUL JHUDNDQ LPDP +HQGDNQ\D GLSDKDPL SDUD IXTDKD WHODK PHQ\HEXWNDQ NDLGDK \DQJ EDLN GDODP PDVDODK LQL \DLWX KHQGDNQ\D PDNPXP VHJHUD EHUJHUDN NHWLND LPDP WHODK VHOHVDL PHQJXFDSNDQWDNELU.HWLNDLPDPVHOHVDLPHODIDG]NDQKXUXI

UD·GDUL NDOLPDW $OODKX $NEDU VDDW LWXODK PDNPXP KDUXV VHJHUD PHQJLNXWL JHUDN LPDP WLGDN PHQGDKXOXL GDUL EDWDVDQ WHUVHEXWDWDXPHQJDNKLUNDQQ\D-LNDGHPLNLDQPDNDEDWDVDQ LWXPHQMDGLMHODV

'DKXOX SDUD VDKDEDW 1DEL5DGKLDOODKX $QKXPVDQJDW EHUKDWL ²KDWL VHNDOL XQWXN WLGDN PHQGDKXOXL 1DELU VDODK VHRUDQJVDKDEDWEHUQDPD$O%DUUD·%LQ$]LEWEHUNDWD

´6XQJJXK PHUHND SDUD VKDKDEDW VKDODW GL EHODNDQJ 5DVXOXOODKU 0DND MLND EHOLDX PHQJDQJNDW NHSDODQ\D GDUL UXNX· VD\D WDN PHOLKDW VHRUDQJSXQ \DQJ PHPEXQJNXNNDQ SXQJJXQJQ\D VHKLQJJD 5DVXOXOODKU PHOHWDNNDQ NHQLQJQ\D GL DWDV EXPL ODOX RUDQJ \DQJ DGD GL EHODNDQJQ\D EHUVLPSXK VXMXGEHUVDPDQ\Dµ+50XVOLPKDGLWV1R

.HWLND5DVXOXOODKUPXODLXG]XUGDQJHUDNQ\DWDPSDN SHODQ EHOLDX PHQJLQJDWNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ VKDODW GL EHODNDQJQ\D

(33)

:DKDL VHNDOLDQ PDQXVLD VXQJJXK DNX WHODK JHPXN >ODQMXWXVLD@PDNDMDQJDQODKNDOLDQPHQGDKXOXLNXGDODPUXNX· GDQVXMXG«+5%DLKDTLGDQKDGLWVWUHVHEXWGLKDVDQNDQ GL,UZD·XOJKDOLO

'DODP VKDODWQ\D ,PDP KHQGDNQ\D PHODNXNDQ VXQDKQ\DWDNELU<DNQLVHEDJDLPDQDGLVHEXWNDQGDODPKDGLWV $EX+XUDLUDKW

…¡

ñ

ÇÁ

ù¢ï

W

= õ

ì

§

Ðó¡

õ¢ë

¡¿›

= ¾´È

= þǗÁ

ÞçÂ

=

= ÞïÂ

¢

Ôì

¢ ôï

§

Ðó¡

? îó¿

òàè

=



þǗÁ

ÞçÂ

Å

ôj¡

¾à¥

[¬ü°ó¡

ú÷

õ

ì

´%LOD 5DVXOXOODKU EHUGLUL XQWXN VKDODW EHOLDX EHUWDNELU NHWLND EHUGLUL NHPXGLDQ EHUWDNELU NHWLND UXNX· NHPXGLDQ EHUWDNELUNHWLNDWXUXQKHQGDNVXMXGNHPXGLDQEHUWDNELUNHWLND PHQJDQJNDW NHSDODQ\D NHPXGLDQ EHUWDNELU NHWLND VXMXG NHPXGLDQ EHUWDNELU NHWLND PHQJDQJNDW NHSDODQ\D GHPLNLDQ EHOLDX ODNXNDQ GDODP VHPXD VKDODWQ\D VDPSDL VHOHVDL GDQ EHUWDNELU NHWLND EDQJNLW GDUL GXD UDNDDW VHWHODK GXGXN WDV\DKKXGSHUWDPDµ

-LND LPDP PHQMDGLNDQ WDNELUQ\D EHUVDPDDQ GDQ EHULULQJDQ GHQJDQ JHUDNDQQ\D VHGDQJ PDNPXP PHPSHUKDWLNDQ NHWHQWXDQ GDQ FDUD PHQJLNXWL LPDP VHEDJDLPDQD GLVHEXWNDQ GL PXND PDND MDPDDK VKDODW WHUVHEXWPHQMDGLVHPSXUQD

0$68. 0$6-,' 6(+$%,6 0$.$1 %$:$1* 0(5$+ %$:$1* 387,+ $7$8 6(68$78 <$1* %(5%$+8 7$.6('$3

$OODK<<EHUILUPDQ

@

¾´È÷

òï

¾üß

öð¬ü

à ¡

À»

õ½•

¢

(34)

´ +DL DQDN $GDP SDNDLODK SDNDLDQPX \DQJ LQGDK GL VHWLDSPHPDVXNL0DVMLG$O$·UDI

-DELUWEHUNDWD5DVXOXOODKUEHUVDEGD

ñ¢ë

— ¢üóĬà

ôç

Ð¥

— ¢÷

¯ òï—

ú÷

¾àì

ó

¢û¾´È÷

ñĬà

ôç

þ¬

¥ ?

´%DUDQJVLDSDPDNDQEDZDQJSXWLKDWDXEDZDQJPHUDK KHQGDNQ\D LD PHQMDXKL NDPL DWDX EHOLDX EHUVDEGD KHQGDNQ\DLDPHQMDXKXLPHVMLGNDPLGDQGLDPGLUXPDKQ\Dµ +5$O%XNKDULOLKDW)DWKXO%DUL

'DODPULZD\DW0XVOLPGLVHEXWNDQ

¨ðŸ

ùœç



¢û¾´È÷

ú¥Âì

ç ­¡Âðó¡

õ

°ó¡

òЦó¡

òï—

ú÷

¿˜¬«

õ½•

ü¥ þü÷

¿˜¬

¢r

´%DUDQJVLDSDPDNDQEDZDQJPHUDKGDQEDZDQJSXWLK GDQ EDZDQJ EDNXQJ PDND MDQJDQODK PHQGHNDWL PDVMLG NDPL VHVXQJJXKQ\D PDODLNDW PHUDVD WHUJDQJJX GHQJDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ DQDN $GDP PHUDVD WHUJDQJJX GHQJDQQ\Dµ +5 0XVOLP

6XDWXNHWLND8PDUELQ.KDWKDEW EHUNKXWEDK-XP·DW GDODPNKXWEDKQ\DLDEHUNDWD

´«NHPXGLDQ NDOLDQ ZDKDL PDQXVLD PHPDNDQ GXD SRKRQ \DQJ DNX WLGDN PHPDQGDQJQ\D NHFXDOL GXD KDO \DQJ EXUXN EDXQ\D \DNQL EDZDQJ PHUDK GDQ EDZDQJ SXWLK 6XQJJXK DNX PHOLKDW 5DVXOXOODKU DSDELOD PHQGDSDWNDQ EDX NHGXDQ\D GDUL VHVHRUDQJ GDODP PDVMLG EHOLDX PHPHULQWDK RUDQJ WHUVHEXW NHOXDU NH SDGDQJ OXDV .DUHQD LWX EDUDQJVLDSD PHPDNDQQ\D KHQGDNQ\D PHPDWLNDQ EDX NHGXDQ\D GHQJDQ PHPDVDNQ\Dµ+50XVOLP

(35)

/HELK EXUXN ODJL DGDODK RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHPELDVDNDQ GLUL PHURNRN \DQJ KXNXPQ\D DGDODK KDUDP .HPXGLDQ PHUHND PDVXN PDVMLG GDQ PHQHEDUNDQ EDX \DQJ PHQJJDQJJX KDPEDKDPED $OODK SDUD PDODLNDW GDQ PHUHND \DQJVKDODW

=,1$

'L DQWDUD WXMXDQ V\DULDW DGDODK PHQMDJD NHKRUPDWDQ GDQ NHWXUXQDQ NDUHQD LWX V\DULDW ,VODP PHQJKDUDPNDQ ]LQD $OODK<EHUILUPDQ

@

¦Ç

”¢Ç

¨Ì·¢ç

ù¢ï

þû›

¢ûÄó¡

¡

¥Âì«

>

´ 'DQ MDQJDQODK NDPX PHQGHNDWL ]LQD VHVXQJJXKQ\D ]LQD LWX VHVXDWX SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ NHML GDQ VXDWX MDODQ \DQJ EXUXNµ$O,VUD·

%DKNDQV\DULDWPHQXWXSVHJDODSLQWXGDQVDUDQD\DQJ PHQJXQGDQJSHUEXDWDQ]LQD<DNQLGHQJDQPHZDMLENDQKLMDE PHQXQGXNNDQ SDQGDQJDQ MXJD GHQJDQ PHODUDQJNKDOZDW EHUGXDDQ GL WHPSDW \DQJ VHSL GHQJDQ ODZDQ MHQLV EXNDQ

PDKUDPGDQVHEDJDLQ\D

3H]LQDPXKVKDQ\DQJWHODKEHULVWULGLKXNXPGHQJDQ KXNXPDQ \DQJ SDOLQJ EHUDW GDQ PHQJKLQDNDQ <DLWX GHQJDQ PHUDMDPPHOHPSDUQ\DGHQJDQEDWXKLQJJDPDWLKXNXPDQ LQL GLWLPSDNDQ DJDU PHUDVDNDQ DNLEDW GDUL SHUEXDWDQQ\D \DQJ NHML MXJD DJDU VHWLDS DQJJRWD WXEXKQ\D NHVDNLWDQ VHEDJDLPDQGHQJDQQ\DLDPHQLNPDWL\DQJKDUDP

$GDSXQ SH]LQD \DQJ EHOXP SHUQDK PHODNXNDQ VHQJJDPD PHODOXL QLNDK \DQJ VDK PDND LD GLFDPEXN VHEDQ\DN VHUDWXV NDOL 6XDWX ELODQJDQ \DQJ SDOLQJ EDQ\DN GDODPKXNXPDQFDPEXN\DQJGLNHQDOGDODP,VODP+XNXPDQ LQL KDUXV GLVDNVLNDQ VHNHORPSRN NDXP PXNPLQLQ 6XDWX EXNWLEHWDSDKXNXPDQLQLDPDWGLKLQDNDQGDQGLSHUPDOXNDQ 7LGDN KDQ\D LWX SH]LQD WHUVHEXW VHODQMXWQ\D KDUXV GLEXDQJ GDQ GLDVLQJNDQ GDUL WHPSDW LD PHODNXNDQ SHU]LQDDQ VHODPD VDWXWDKXQSHQXK

(36)

WHUVHEXW DSL GLQ\DODNDQ 6HGDQJ PHUHND EHUDGD GLGDODPQ\D GDODP NHDGDDQ WDODQMDQJ MLND GLQ\DODNDQ PHUHND WHULDN PDORORQJORORQJ GDQ PHPDQMDW NHDWDV KLQJJD KDPSLUKDPSLU VDMD PHUHND ELVD NHOXDU WDSL ELOD DSL GLSDGDPNDQ PHUHND NHPEDOLODJLNHWHPSDWQ\DVHPXODGLEDZDKODOXDSLNHPEDOL ODJLGLQ\DODNDQ'HPLNLDQWHUXVEHUODQJVXQJKLQJJDGDWDQJQ\D KDULNLDPDW

.HDGDDQQ\D DNDQ OHELK EXUXN ODJL MLND ODNLODNL WHUVHEXW VXGDK WXD WDSL WHUXV VDMD EHUEXDW ]LQD SDGDKDO NHPDWLDQ KDPSLU PHQMHPSXWQ\D WHWDSL $OODK PDVLK PHPEHULQ\DWHQJJDQJZDNWX

'DODPKDGLWVPDUIX·GDUL$EX+XUDLUDKGLVHEXWNDQ

ön

ö

ó›

ÂÜü

ö

ïÄ

¨÷¢

ìó¡

õ

…¡

ö øôð

¨¯

¯

ö

ó—

£¡Àß

Ë

Pð¬È÷

òŸ¢ß

£¡Àï

îô÷

ù¡Ã

º

´7LJDMHQLVPDQXVLD\DQJWLGDNDNDQGLDMDNELFDUDROHK $OODK SDGD KDUL NLDPDW MXJD $OODK WLGDN DNDQ PHQ\XFLNDQ PHUHND GDQ WLGDN SXOD PHPDQGDQJ NHSDGD PHUHND VHGDQJ EDJL PHUHND VLNVD \DQJ SHGLK \DLWX ODNLODNL WXD \DQJ VXND EHU]LQD VHRUDQJ UDMD SHQGXVWD GDQ RUDQJ PLVNLQ \DQJ VRPERQJµ+50XVOLP

'L DQWDUD FDUD PHQFDUL UL]NL \DQJ WHUEXUXN DGDODK

PDKUXO EDJK\L \DLWX XSDK \DQJ GLEHULNDQ NHSDGD ZDQLWD SH]LQDROHKODNLODNL\DQJPHQ]LQDLQ\D

3H]LQD \DQJ PHQFDUL UL]NL GHQJDQ GHQJDQ PHQMDMDNDQ NHPDOXDQQ\D WLGDN GLWHULPD GRDQ\D :DODXSXQ GR·D LWX GLSDQMDWNDQ GLWHQJDK PDODP VDDW SLQWXSLQWX ODQJLW GLEXND +DGLWVPDVDODKLQLWHUGDSDWGDODPVKDKLKXOMDPL·

.HEXWXKDQ GDQ NHPLVNLQDQ EXNDQODK VXDWX DODVDQ \DQJ GLEHQDUNDQ V\DUD· VHKLQJJD VHVHRUDQJ EROHK PHODQJJDU NHWHQWXDQ GDQ KXNXPKXNXP $OODK 2UDQJ $UDE GXOX EHUNDWD

(37)

´VHRUDQJZDQLWDPHUGHNDNHODSDUDQWHWDSLWLGDNPDNDQ GHQJDQPHQMDMDNDQNHGXDEXDKGDGDQ\DEDJDLPDQDPXQJNLQ GHQJDQPHQMDMDNDQNHPDOXDQQ\D

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

<D $OODK NDPL PRKRQ SDGD0X EHUVLKNDQODK VHJHQDS KDWL NDPL GDQ SHOLKDUD VHUWD EHQWHQJLODK NHPDOXDQ GDQ NHKRUPDWDQ NDPL -DGLNDQODK DQWDUD NDPL GHQJDQ KDOKDO \DQJGLKDUDPNDQGLQGLQJSHPEDWDV

,,/,:$7++2026(;68$/

.HPXQJNDUDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ ROHK NDXP QDEL /XWK SDGD ]DPDQ GDKXOX DGDODK PHQJJDXOL ODNLODNL KRPRVH[VXDO

$OODKEHUILUPDQ

@

¨Ì·¢èó¡

ù

«˜¬ó

öðû›

þ÷

ìó

ñ¢ë

¿›

¢×

ó

[m¢àó¡

ú÷

¢

öðì¦Ç

¢÷

Âðüm¡

öð

½¢û

? ù

«˜«

ò

¦Èó¡

ù

àØì«

ñ¢³Âó¡

ù

«˜¬ó

öðüŸ¡

>

(38)

XPDWXPDW VHEHOXP NDPX $SDNDK VHVXQJJXKQ\D NDPX SDWXW PHQGDWDQJL ODNLODNL PHQ\DPXQ GDQ PHQJHUMDNDQ NHPXQJNDUDQGLWHPSDWWHPSDWSHUWHPXDQ"´$O$QNDEXW

.DUHQD NHML EXUXN GDQ DPDW EHUEDKD\DQ\D NHPXQJNDUDQ WHUVHEXW VHKLQJJD $OODK PHQJKXNXP SHODNX KRPRVH[VXDO GHQJDQ HPSDW PDFDP VLNVDDQ VHNDOLJXV 6XDWX EHQWXN VLNVD \DQJ EHOXP SHUQDK GLWLPSDNDQ NHSDGD NDXP ODLQ .HHPSDW VLNVDDQ WHUVHEXW DGDODK NHEXWDDQ PHQMXQJNLUEDOLNNDQ PHUHND PHQJKXMDQL PHUHND GHQJDQ EDWXEDWX NHULNLO GDUL QHUDND VHUWD PHQJLULP NHSDGD PHUHND KDOLOLQWDU

$GDSXQ GDODP V\DULDW ,VODP KXNXPDQ SHODNX KRPRVH[VXDO GDQ SDWQHUQ\D MLND DWDV GDVDU VXND VDPD VXND PHQXUXW SHQGDSDW \DQJ NXDW DGDODK GLSHQJJDO OHKHUQ\D GHQJDQSHGDQJ

'DODP VHEXDK KDGLWV PDUIX· GDUL LEQX $EEDV GLVHEXWNDQ

þ¥

ñ

àèm¡

òߢèó¡

¡

ô¬ë¢ç

Õ

ó õ

ë òøß

òøà

ý

d¾³

ú÷

´ %DUDQJVLDSD \DQJ NDOLDQ GDSDWL VHGDQJ PHODNXNDQ SHUEXDWDQ NDXP /XWK KDPRVH[VXDO PDND EXQXKODK SHODNX GDQ SDWQHUQ\Dµ +5 $KPDG GDODP VKDKLKXO MDPL· QR

7LPEXOQ\DEHUEDJDLSHQ\DNLW \DQJSDGD]DPDQQHQHN PR\DQJ WDN GLNHQDO VHEDJDL KXNXPDQ DWDV PHUDMDOHODQ\D NHPDNVLDWDQ VHEDJDLPDQD NLWD VDNVLNDQ VHNDUDQJ VHSHUWL WKD·XQ VHMHQLV SHQ\DNLW SHV \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQ NHOHQMDU NHOHQMDU EHQJNDN GDQ OHELK EDQ\DN PHQJKDQWDU SHQGHULWDQ\D NHSDGD NHPDWLDQ GDQ PDFDPPDFDP SHQ\DNLW \DQJ VXOLW GLVHPEXKNDQ EDKNDQ EHOXP GLWHPXNDQ SHQDZDUQ\D VHSHUWL SHQ\DNLW $,'6 \DQJ PHPDWLNDQ LQL VHPXDQ\D PHQXQMXNNDQ VDODK VDWX KLNPDK PHQJDSD EHJLWX NHUDV KXNXPDQ \DQJ GLEHULNDQ$OODKXQWXNSHODNXKRPRVH[VXDO

(39)

'DUL $EL +XUDLUDK W GDUL 1DEL 0XKDPPDG U EDKZDVDQ\DEHOLDXEHUVDEGD

þ¬üàó

¢

ôß

ù¢¦Ôã

©¢¦ç

ª¥˜ç

þË¡Âç

þ«—Â÷¡

ò³Âó¡

¢ß½

¡¿›

¶¦Ð«

¨ðŸ

´ -LND VHRUDQJ VXDPL PHQJDMDN LVWULQ\D NH WHPSDW WLGXUXQWXN PHODNXNDQ VHQJJDPD LD PHQRODN VHKLQJJD VXDPL PDUDKDWDVQ\DPDND0DODLNDWPDODNQDWSHUHPSXDQLWXKLQJJD GDWDQJSDJLµ+5$O%XNKDULOLKDWIDWKXOEDUL

0DQDNDOD WHUMDGL SHUVHOLVLDQ GHQJDQ VXDPL EDQ\DN SHUHPSXDQ \DQJ PHQJKXNXP VXDPLQ\D PHQXUXW GXJDDQQ\D GHQJDQ PHQRODN PHODNXNDQ KXEXQJDQ VXDPL LVWUL 3DGDKDO SHUEXDWDQ VHPDFDP LWX ELVD PHQGDWDQJNDQ PDVDODK\DQJOHELKEHVDU0LVDOQ\DWHUSHURVRNQ\DVXDPLSDGD SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ KDUDP %DKNDQ PDVDODKQ\D ELVD PHQMDGL EHUEDOLN VHKLQJJD ELVD OHELK PHQ\XVDKNDQ LVWUL PLVDOQ\D VXDPLEHUXVDKDPHQLNDKLSHUHPSXDQODLQ

.DUHQD LWX PDQDNDOD VXDPL PHPDQJJLO KHQGDNQ\D VDQJ LVWUL PHPHQXKL DMDNDQQ\D 5HDOLVDVL GDUL VDEGD 5DVXOXOODKU

¤¬ë

 Û

ôß

ªû¢ï

ù›

¤´¬ôç

þË¡Âç

þ«—Â÷¡

ò³Âó¡

¢ß½

¡¿›

´-LNDVHRUDQJODNLODNLPHQJDMDNLVWULQ\DNHWHPSDWWLGXU KHQGDNQ\D LDPHPHQXKLSDQJJLODQQ\DPHVNLSXQLWXEHUDGDGL DWDV VHNHGXSVHVXDWX \DQJ GLOHWDNNDQ GL DWDV SXQJJXQJ RQWD 'LJXQDNDQ ROHK SHQXQJJDQJQ\D VHEDJDL WHPSDW GXGXN EHUOLQGXQJ GLUL GDQ EHUWHGXK OLKDW ]DZDLGXO %D]]DU GDODPVKDKLKXOMDPL·KDGLWVQR

0HVNL EHJLWX KHQGDNQ\D VDQJ VXDPL PHPSHUKDWLNDQ NRQGLVL LVWULQ\D 0LVDOQ\D DSDNDK VDQJ LVWUL GDODP NHDGDDQ VDNLW KDPLO DWDX GLUXQGXQJ NHVHGLKDQ VHKLQJJD WDN WHUMDGL SHUSHFDKDQGDQNHKDUPRQLVDQUXPDKWDQJJDWHWDSWHUMDJD

3(50,17$$1 $*$5 ',7$/$. 68$0, 7$13$ 6(%$%<$1*',%2/(+.$16<$5$·

(40)

PLQWD FHUDL $GD MXJD SHUFHUDLDQ LWX GLVHEDENDQ VDQJ VXDPL WDNPDPSXPHPEHULQDINDKVHSHUWL\DQJGLLQJLQNDQLVWUL

3DGDKDO WHUNDGDQJ NHSXWXVDQ LWX GL DPELO KDQ\D SHQJDUXK GDUL VHEDJLDQ NHOXDUJDQ\D DWDX WHWDQJJD \DQJ PHPDQJ KHQGDN PHUXVDN NHOXDUJD RUDQJ ODLQ %DKNDQ WDN MDUDQJ \DQJ PHQDQWDQJ VDQJ VXDPL GHQJDQ NDWDNDWD \DQJ PHQHJDQJNDQ XUDWOHKHU0LVDOQ\DNDODXNDPX PHPDQJODNL ODNLFHUDLNDQVD\D

6HPXD PHQJHWDKXL WDODN PHODKLUNDQ EDQ\DN NHUXJLDQ EHVDU WHUSXWXVQ\D WDOL NHOXDUJD OHSDVQ\D NHQGDOL DQDN GDQ WHUNDGDQJGLVXGDKLGHQJDQPHQ\HVDOSDGD VDDWSHQ\HVDODQWDN ODJLEHUJXQDGDQVHEDJDLQ\D

'HQJDQ DNLEDWDNLEDW VHSHUWL GLVHEXWNDQ GL DWDV PHQMDGL Q\DWDODK KLNPDW V\DULDW PHQJKD

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mutasi dan pengalaman kerja di Sub Divre Perum Bulog Bulukumba. Maka tujuan yang akan dicapai pada peneliti ini yaitu:

Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan percobaan bioremidiasi dengan teknik biostimulasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi dengan menggunakan limbah media jamur tiram putih

Salah satu alasannya adalah bahwa DAR menunjukkan kondisi yang menyulitkan perusahaan, karena perusahaan yang memiliki hutang yang lebih besar akan memerlukan

Tabel 1.. Secara uji statistic memberi perbedaan tidak nyata. Informasi ini memberi petunjuk bahwa mie sagu dan mie terigu tidak memberi perbedaan dalam penerimaan

Oleh karenanya diberikanlah berupa layanan informasi di kelas dengan menggunakan teknik jigsaw agar siswa lebih aktif dan mudah memahami materi informasi yang