Pengembangan Sistem Informasi
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007).
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menjelaskan enam langkah dalam
Outline Materi
• The purpose of a system
• Starting the project
Systems Development
• Organizations can make mistakes, and
big
organizations can
make really
big
mistakes
• Murphy’s Law: Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong,
and at the worst possible time
• A system
– A collection of related components that interact to
perform a task in order to accomplish a goal
• Systems Development
– 6-phase process of gathering information about
system requirements and using that to develop a
new system that
improves
productivity
Warning! Road
Systems Development
• The three kinds of users of a project are:
– Users
• The new system must ALWAYS be developed in
consultation with the people who will be using the
completed system
– Management
• Managers within an organization should be consulted
about the system, as they control the budget and
resources
– Technical staff
Systems Development
• Systems Analyst
– An information specialist who performs systems
analysis, design, and implementation
Systems Development
• The 6 phases of systems analysis &
design are:
1.
Preliminary investigation
2.
Systems analysis
3.
Systems design
4.
Systems development
5.
Systems implementation
6.
Systems maintenance
• Information systems are frequently
revised and upgraded
Systems Development
•
Phase 1: Conduct a preliminary investigation
– Conduct a preliminary analysis
– Propose alternative solutions
• Interview people within the organization • Study what competitors are doing
• Decide to leave the system as is, improve it, or develop a new system
– Describe costs and benefits
– Submit a preliminary plan with recommendations
• This should be a written report
Systems Development
•
Phase 2: Analyze the system
– Gather data
• Interview employees and managers
• Develop, distribute, analyze questionnaires • Review current written documents
• Observe people and processes at work
– Analyze the data
• Use system modeling tools, such as CASE tools
• Create a data flow diagram to show how data flows through the system
– Write a report and get approvals for next phase
Systems Development
•
Phase 3: Design the system
– Notice that you don’t design the new system until you
have done phase 2 since that establishes the
requirements it must meet!
– Do a preliminary design
• Often involves prototyping
– Do a detail design, showing:
• Input requirements • Output requirements • Storage requirements • Processing requirements • System controls
• Backup
Systems Development
•
Phase 4: Develop the system
– Develop or acquire the software
– Acquire and integrate the hardware
– Test the system
• Unit testing
• Systems testing with both analysts and end-users
• End-user testing is critical, as they don’t know the
Systems Development
•
Phase 5: Implement the system
– Choose a strategy to convert to the new
system
• Direct implementation
• Parallel implementation
• Phased implementation
• Pilot implementation
– Train the users
• Document the system
Systems Development
•
Phase 6: Maintain the system
– Perform periodic evaluations
– Make changes to the system based on new
conditions
