2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Guth (1970:16) says, ”Language is man’s greatest invention and most precious possession. Without it, trade, government, family life, friendship, religion, and arts would be either impossible or radically different. How we use language, and how well, has much to do with what kind of people we are.” So according to the statements of Guth that we may believe that language is very important for human beings. It also may mean that no human can live without the present of a language.
Perrin (1980:243) says, ”Linguistics has been defined as the scientific study of language.” So it means that when someone wants to discuss the aspects of language he or she may not escaped from using linguistics as the science.
Evaluations of this sort therefore help the analyst in interpreting or explaining behavior. For example, the close correspondence between 'lower middle class upward mobility type' and 'upper middle class' speech particularly in non-casual relationships is matched by even stronger subjective endorsement of the norms in question on the part of the former than on the part of the latter.
sure of what is being switched with what, whereas in the case of dialects, etc., the problem of demarcation is more difficult.
The study of language is Linguistics. The part of linguistics that is concerned with the structure of language. It can be divided into several subfield, such as Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, Semantics, Sociolinguistics, and Pragmatics. Aside from language structure, other perspectives on language are represented in specialized or interdisciplinary branches, such as Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Ethnolinguistics (or Anthro-pological Linguistics), Dialectology, Computational Linguistics, Neuro-linguisticsand etc.
Sociolinguistics is the study of relation between language and society.Sociolinguistics is concerned with language in social and cultural context, especially how people with different social identities (e.g. gender, age, race, ethnicity, class) speak and how their speech changes in different situations.Gumperz (1971:223) says that he has observed the study of sociolinguistics as an attempt to find correlations between social structure and linguistic structure and to observe any changes that occur.Chambers (2002:3) says, ‘Sociolinguistics is the study of the social uses of language, and the most productive studies in the four decades of sociolinguistic research which have emanated from determining the social evaluation of linguistic variants.
