DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] B. Mohebby, P. Fallah - Moghadam, A. R. Ghotbifar, S. Kazemi - Najafi,“Influence of maleic - anhydride - polypropylene (MAPP) on wettability of polypropylene/wood flour/glass fiber hybrid composites,” J
Agr Sci Tech, 13 2011 : 877 - 884.
[2] Marco Valente, Fabrizio Sarasini, Francesco Marra, Jacopo Tirilló, Giovanni Pulci,“Hybrid recycled glass fiber/wood flour thermoplastic composites : manufacturing and mechanical characterization,” Composites :
Part A, 42 2011 : 649 -657.
[3] Tribun Manado.“Produksi Sampah Plastik Indonesia 5,4 Juta Ton per Tahun.” 2014, http : www.manado.tribunnews.com. Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014.
[4] Shigeru Yao, Aya Tominaga, Youhei Fujikawa, Hiroshi Sekiguchi dan Eiichi Takatori,“Inner Structure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene,” Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi, 41(3) 2013 : 173 - 178.
[5] Halimatuddahliana, Buku Ajar Pengenalan Teknologi Polimer(Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2008), hal. 32 - 42, 47 - 48.
[6] M. A. Al - Maadeed, Yasser M. Shabana, P. Noorunnisa Khanam, “Processing, characterization and modeling of recycled polypropylene/glass fibre/wood flour composites,” Materials and Design 582014: 374 - 380. [7] Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Pulakesh Maity, Dipa Ray, Aniruddha
Mukhopadhyay,“Stearic acid as coupling agent in fly ash reinforced recycled polypropylene matrix composites: Structural, mechanical, and thermal characterizations,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 130 2013 : 1996 - 2004.
[8] Muhammad R. Islam, Mohammad D. H. Beg, Arun Gupta,“Characterization of laccase - treated kenaf fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene composites,” BioResources 8(3) 2013: 3753 - 3770.
[9] F. Hernández - Sánchez, P. J. Herrera Franco,“Electrical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene - carbon black composites,” Polymer
[10] Arun Kumar Gupta, Manoranjan Biswal, S. Mohanty, S. K. Nayak,“Mechanical, thermal degradation, and flammability studies on surface modified sisal fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene composite,”
Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2012 2012.
[11] B. Bodzay, M. Fejos, K. Bocz, A. Toldy, F. Ronkay, Gy Marosi,“Upgrading of recycled polypropylene by preparing flame retarded layered composite,”
eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 6 (11) 2012 : 895 - 902.
[12] Maneesh Tewari, V. K. Singh, P. C. Cope, Arun K. Chaudhary, “Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Bagasse - Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite,”
J Mater. Environ. Sci, 3(1) 2012: 171 - 184.
[13] Xu F, Sun J. X, Liu C. F, Sun R. C,“Comparative Study of alkali and acidic organic - soluble hemicellulose polysaccharides from sugarcane bagasse,” Carbohydrate Research, 341 2006: 253 - 261.
[14] B. Ramaraj,“Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/ Sugarcane Bagasse Composites,” Wiley Inter Science, 103 2007 : 3827 - 3832.
[15] D. Nabi Saheb dan J. P. Jog,“Natural Fiber Polymer Composites : A Review,” Advances in Polymer Technology,18 (4) 1999: 351 - 363.
[16] Y. Cao, S. Shibata, I. Fukumoto,“Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments,” Composites Part A : applied science and manufacturing, 2006 : 423 - 249.
[17] Saira Taj, Munawar Ali Munawar, Shafiullah Khan,“Natural fiber - reinforced polymer composites,” Proc Pakistan Acad Sci, 44 (2) 2007 : 129 - 144.
[18] Mariana Etcheverry, Silvia E. Barbosa,“Glass fiber reinforced
polypropylene mechanical properties enhancement by adhesion
improvement,” Materials, 5 2012 : 1084 - 1113.
[19] L. Quintanilla, M. Alonso, J. C. Rodríguez - Cabello, J. M. Pastor, “Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber: Thermal behavior and correlation between PA - FTIR and DSC
measurements,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 59(5) 1996 : 769 - 774.
[20] Suzhu Yu, Peter Hing,“Thermal and dielectric properties of fiber reinforced polystyrene composites,” Polymer composites, 29 (11) 2008: 1199 - 1202. [21] P. X. Nguyen, A. Moet,“Fatigue fracture of short-glass-fiber-reinforced
poly(vinyl chloride): A crack layer approach,” Journal of Vinyl Technology, 7 (4)1985: 140 - 149.
[22] S. M. Luz, A. R. Goncalves, A. P. Del’Arco Jr, “Mechanical behavior and microstructural analysis of sugarcane bagasse fibers reinforced polypropylene composites,” Composites Part A : applied science and manufacturing 2007 : 1455 - 1461.
[23] Sonia M. B. Nachtigall, Graziela S. Cerveira, Simone M. L. Rosa,“New polymeric - coupling agent for polypropylene/wood - flour composites,”
Polymer Testing, 26 2007: 619 - 628.
[24] Vidya Gupta, Shailemdra Kumar,“The Superior Coupling Agent for Glass Filled Polypropylene Composites,” Pluss Polymers Pvt. Ltd 2011.
[25] Behzad Kord,“Effects of compatabilizer and nanolayered silicate on physical and mechanical properties of PP/bagasse composites,” Turk J Agric
For, 36 2012: 510 - 517.
[26] Alireza Ashori, Amir Nourbakhsh, Ali Kazemi Tabrizi,“Thermoplastic Hybrid Composites using Bagasse, Corn Stalk and E - glass Fibers : Fabrication and Characterization,” Polymer - Plastics Technology and
Engineering, 53 2014: 1 - 8.
[27] J. P. Agrawal, Composite Materials, (Delhi : Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Center, 1990), hal. 9 - 10, 17 - 18, 25 - 27.
[28] Bryan Harris, Engineering Composite Materials, (London : The Institute of Materials, 1999), hal. 20 - 24.
[29] Charles A. Harper, Handbook of Plastics, Elastomers and Composites, (New York : McGraw Hill, Edisi Keempat, 2004), hal. 53 - 55, 336 - 341. [30] Halimatuddahliana, Pengenalan Teknologi Komposit Polimer Matriks,
[31] Anil K. Bhowmick dan Howard L. Stephens, Handbook of Elastomers, (New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc, Edisi Kedua, 2001), hal. 241 - 242.
[32] Klaus Friedrich, Stoyko Fakirov dan Zhong Zhang, Polymer Composites
from Nano - to Macro - Scale, (New York : Springer, 2005), hal. 314.
[33] M. Jawaid dan H. P. S. Abdul Khalil,“Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites : A review,” Carbohydrate Polymers, 86 2011: 1 - 18.
[34] Maulida.“Kajian Terhadap Hibrid Komposit Berasaskan Gentian Lignoselulosik.” Tesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2001.
[35] Asrima Herbi Tamba. “Sifat Kelenturan Komposit Hibrid Serat Gelas - Coremat dengan Matrik Poliester 157 BQTN - EX.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[36] Ririsma Mutiha P. “Ketahanan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) dan Plastik Polipropilena Terhadap Cuaca.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010.
[37] Fauzi Febrianto, Dina Setyawati, Myrtha Karina, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, dan Yusuf Sudo Hadi, “Influence of Wood Flour and Modifier Contents on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour - Recycle Polypropylene Composites,” Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (2) 2006: 337 - 343.
[38] Scott Bader Company Ltd. Crystic Composites Handbook, (New York : Scott Bader, Edisi Keenam Belas, 2005), hal. 11.
[39] Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat. Composites Materials Handbook
: Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage, Design and Analysis,
(Amerika Serikat : Departemen Pertahanan, Volume Ketiga, 2002), hal. 8, 12.
[40] Frederick T Wallenberger, James C Watson, and Hong Li, PPG Industries, Inc. Composites, (New York : ASM International, Volume 21, 2001), hal. 78.
[41] Neni Juli Astuti.“Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Genteng Polimer Menggunakan Aspal dan Polypropilen dengan Variasi Komposisi dan Serat Nanas Terorientasi.” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012.
[42] Muhammad Saleh Arifin Rambe.“Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Papan Partikel dari Campuran Resin Polyester dan Serat Ampas Tebu.” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[43] Ade Apriliani.“Pemanfaatan Arang Ampas Tebu Sebagai Adsorben Ion Logam Cd, Cr, Cu dan Pb dalam Air Limbah.” Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, 2010.
[44] Elmer Surya.“Pengaruh Komposisi Serat Tandan Kosong Sawit Sebagai Bahan Pengisi pada Komposit Poliester Tidak Jenuh.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2013.
[45] Maulida.“Campuran Limbah Padat Organik dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010.
[46] Erna Frida. “Penggunaan Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted - Polipropilena (AM - g - PP) dan Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted - Karet Alam (AM - g - KA) pada Termoplastik Elastomer (TPE) Berbasis Polipropilena, Kompon Karet Alam SIR - 20 dan Serbuk Ban Bekas.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[47] Nurdin Bukit.“Pengolahan Zeolit Alam Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Nano Komposit Polipropilena dan Karet Alam SIR - 20 dengan Kompatibiliser Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted - Polipropilena.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[48] Sheyla Senari Barus. “Sintesa N,N (Di - 2 - Mono Etil Maleat) Palmitamida Hasil Esterifikasi N,N (Di - 2 - Etanol) Palmitamida dengan Anhidrida Maleat.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2014.
[49] Jumirah. “Pembuatan Komposit Terbiodegradasikan dari Polipropilena, Polipropilena Tergrafting Maleat Anhidrida dan Pati Biji Cempedak.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2013.
[50] Reni Silvia Nasution. “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Maleat Anhidrida Terhadap Derajat Grafting Maleat Anhidrida pada Polipropilena Terdegradasi dengan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010.
[51] Nahlom Dahlan Marpaung. “Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Komposit Polietilena Densitas Rendah (LDPE).” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[52] Lely Risnawaty Daulay. “Adhesi Penguat Serbuk Pulp Tandan Kosong Sawit Teresterifikasi dengan Matriks Komposit Polietilena.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2009.
[53] P.Lokantara, N. P. G. Suardana, “Studi Perlakuan Serat Serta Penyerapan Air Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Komposit Tapis Kelapa/Polyester,”Jurnal
Ilmiah Teknik Mesin CakraM, 3 (1)2009 : 49 - 56.
[54] Mhd Zulham Efendi Sinaga. “Perbandingan Sifat Matriks Komposit Polimer Selulosa Asetat Sintetis dan Selulosa Asetat Komersial yang Divariasikan dengan Polipropilena sebagai Bahan Kemasan.” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.
[55] IQS Directory, “Polypropylene Tanks.” 2014,http : www.iqsdirectory.com. Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014.
[56] Indiamart, “PP FRP Tanks.” 2014,http : www.catalogs.indiamart.com. Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014.
[57] Tuty Dwi Sriaty Matondang, Basuki Wirjosentono, Darwin Yunus, “Pembuatan Plastik Kemasan Terbiodegradasikan dari Polipropylena Tergrafting Maleat Anhidrida dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Sagu Kelapa Sawit,”ISSN, 3 (2) 2013 : 110 - 116.
[58] Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, dan George S. Kriz, Introduction to
Spectroscopy, (New York : Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, Edisi Ketiga,
2001), hal. 26.
[59] H. Salmah, C. M. Ruzaidi dan A. G. Supri, “Compatibilisation of Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer/Kaolin Composites : The Effect of Maleic Anhydride - Grafted - Polypropylene,” Journal of
Physical Science, 20 (1) 2009 : 99 - 107.
[60] Ajay Karmarkar, S. S. Chauhan, Jayant M. Modak, dan Manas Chanda, “Mechanical properties of wood - fiber reinforced polypropylene composites : Effect of a novel compatibilizer with isocyanate functional
[61] A. Arbelaiz, B. Fernandez, J. A. Ramos, A. Retegi, R. Liano - Ponte, dan I. Mondragon, “Mechanical properties of short flax fibre bundle/polypropylene composites : Influence of matrix/fibre modification, fibre content, water uptake and recycling,” Composites Science and
Technology, 65 2005 : 1582 - 1592.
[62] M. S. Sreekala, Jayamol George, M. G. Kumaran dan Sabu Thomas, “The mechanical performance of hybrid phenol - formaldehyde - based composites reinforced with glass and oil palm fibers,” Composites Science
and Technology,62 2002 : 339 - 353.
[63] Anand R. Sanadi, Daniel F. Caulfield, Rodney E. Jacobson, Roger M. Rowell. “Renewable agricultural fibers as reinforcing fillers in plastics : Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre - polypropylene composites,”
Industrial Engineering Chemical Resource, 34 1995 : 1889 - 1896.
[64] Chengzhi Chuai, Kristoffer Almdal, Lars Poulsen, David Plackett. “Conifer fibers as reinforcing materials for polypropylene based composites,”
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 80 2001 : 2833 - 2841.
[65] Y. A. El - Shekeil, S. M. Sapuan, dan M. W. Algrafi, “Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites,” Materials and
Design, 64 2014 : 330 - 333.
[66] Ali I. Al - Mosawi, Moslem M. Ali, dan Salim J. Abbas, “Using of Ansys Program to Calculate the Mechanical Properties of Advanced Fibers Reinforced Composite,” The Iraqi Journal for Mechanical and Material
Engineering, 12 (4) 2012.
[67] H. Altenbach, J. Altenbach, dan W. Kissing, Mechanics of Composite
Structural Elements, (New York : Springer, 2004), hal. 9.
[68] Suhara Panthapulakkal dan Mohini Sain, “Injection - Molded Short Hemp Fiber/Glass Fiber - Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites - Mechanical, Water Absorption and Thermal Properties,” Journal of Applied
[69] N. M. Stark, R. E. Rowlands, “Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites,” Wood Fiber
Science, 35 2003 : 167 - 174.
[70] Chern Chiet Eng, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Norhazlin Zainuddin, Hidayah Ariffin dan Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus, “Impact Strength and Flexural Properties Enhancement of Methacrylate Silane Treated Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Hybrid Composites,” The Scientific World
Journal, 2014.
[71] Sanjay K. Nayak dan Smita Mohanty, “Sisal Glass Fiber Reinforced PP Hybrid Composites : Effect of MAPP on the Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2009.
