Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress 26-30 November 2012, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand
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Growth Estimation of Madura and Limousin Cross Madura Cattle in Pamekasan District
S. D. Volkandari, T. Hartatik and Sumadi
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The research was conducted to know growth estimation of Madura and Limousin cross Madura (Limura) cattle on Pamekasan district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Samples for the research were 99 Madura cattle and 63 Limura cattle which both divided into two groups (1-2 years and 3-4 years). Sampling method were purposive sampling that directly come to the farmers who hold those cattle. Body measurement was analyzed by t-test. The result showed that body measurement of Limura cattle was higher than that of Madura cattle. Body measurement of Limura cattle for first group (1-2 years): body lenght were 116.90 ± 12.75 cm, heart girth were 149.64 ± 16.13 cm, withers height were 118.40 ± 9.05 cm, height at hip were 121.19 ± 8.74 cm. Body measurement of Limura cattle for second group (3-4 years): body lenght were 130.62 ± 10.61 cm, heart girth were 165.86 ±14.68 cm, withers height were 127.67 ± 9.09 cm, height at hip were 129.24 ± 8,77. While body measurement of Madura cattle for first group (1-2 years): 108.37 ± 11.85 cm, heart girth were 137.21 ± 15.41 cm, withers height were 115.45 ± 9.83 cm, height at hip were 113.19 ± 8.02 cm. Body measurement of Madura cattle for second group (3-4 years): body lenght were 121.19 ± 10.62 cm, heart girth were 151.97 ± 16.14 cm, withers height were 122.21 ± 9.16 cm, height at hip were 118.26 ± 7.88 cm. Conclusion, growth estimation of Limousin cross Madura cattle was greater than that of Madura cattle. Body measurement of Madura cattle has increased but can not reach of body measurement according to criteria of Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982.
Key Words: Growth estimation, Madura cattle, Limousin cross madura cattle,
Pamekasan district
INTRODUCTION
Madura cattle is one of the Indonesian cattle breed that has been popular in Madura island
especially in traditional activity, like “Karapan Sapi” (bull racing). Madura cattle spread over
several regions in Indonesia such as Madura Island (Bangkalan district, Sampang district, Pamekasan district, Sumenep district), East Java, the Sapudi Island, West Kalimantan, Aceh, Central Java, East Nusa Tenggara, Lampung, West Sumatra, West Java, South Sulawesi, South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, North Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Jambi, Yogyakarta and North Sulawesi (Soehadji, 1992 cit Gunawan, 1993). Madura cattle are local cattle in Indonesia which has demonstrated a uniform shape. Farmer in Madura island used two breed of beef cattle i.e Madura and Limura cattle. Limura cattle is crossbred cattle between Limousin bull and Madura dam by artificial insemination (AI). The purpose of the crosses program was to increase the the performance of the local cattle. Limura cattle spread on several region in Madura island i.e Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep district. Population of Madura cattle on 2010 and 2011 was 7272 cattle and 7609 cattle respectively while Limura cattle was 117508 cattle and 119905 cattle respectively. Growth percentage of Madura and Limura cattle was 1% and 2.26% per year respectively (Anonymus, 2011).
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1998; Soeparno, 1998). The growth of the calf is perhaps the most important factor for meat productivity in production systems (Corrêa et al., 2006). Body measurements of beef cattle are used for several purposes, including prediction of growth rate, body condition, conformation and carcass traits (Brown et al., 1973; Doren et al., 1989; Wilson et al., 1997). The process of growth experienced by cattle was started from the beginning until the moment of conception until the calf was born and continues until it reaches mature. Growth rate was controlled by environmental conditions that cause sigmoid curve of cattle growth. The growth of Madura and Limura cattle in various age groups is important to be observed. One of the ways to estimate the growth so that got a general description of the growth estimate of Madura and Limura cattle. Data of growth estimate can be used to evaluate the growth of Madura and Limura cattle in Madura Island. The purpose of this study to obtain a growth estimate of Madura and Limura cattle as additional information about the Indonesian local cattle.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The research was conducted in the small holder at Pamekasan district, East Java Province, Indonesia on March 2012. Sample of the research is divided into two groups i.e 1-2 years and 3-4 years. The first group (1-2 years) of Madura and Limura cattle was 56 and 42 head, respectively. The second group (3-4 years) of Madura and Limura cattle was 43 and 21 head, respectively. Sampling method to collect the sample used purposive sampling (direct to farmer).
Growth estimation of Madura and Limura cattle
Growth estimation of Madura and Limura cattle was obtained by body measurement. The body size data included: body length, heart girth, withers height and height at hip. The body length (absolut) was the straight distance that measured between Tuberculum lateralis to
Tuberculum ischiadicum. Heart girth is the length of the circular (the circumference) as
measured on chest that right in the back of withers on the rib (costae) 3-4. Height of withers is straight distance from the plane to the highest point in withers. Height at hip was obtained by measuring the distance from the plane until the highest point of the hip. Data of body measurement was taken with parallelogram (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattel. 1: withers height;
2: body length; 3: height at hip; and 4: heart girth
Statistic Analysis
Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress
Table 1 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattle
in first group (1-2 years)
different superscript in the same row indicating significant difference (p<0.05)
Table 2 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattle
in second group (3-4 years)
different superscript in the same row indicating significant difference (p<0.05)
Based on statistical analysis showed that body measurement between Madura and Limura cattle is significantly different (P<0.05) in first group (1-2 years) and second group (3-4 years). Body measurement of Limura cattle was higher than that of Madura cattle. This is presumably because of the Limura cattle have a part of genetic of Limousin breed where Limousin breed was categorized as large weight groups of livestock. The growth rate of large type cattle was faster than that of small type acttle. Similar results were also obtained by Hartatik et al. (2009) where the body measurement of Limousin-Madura cattle is greater than that Madura cattle.
In generally, body measurement of Madura cattle for first group (1-2 years) in this research is greater than body measurement of Madura cattle which is reported by Siregar et al., 1985 and Aisyah, 2000. Those previous research shows that body length (107.80±10.40 cm for males and 106.0 ± 12.50 cm for females), heart girth (132.70 ± 127.50 cm for males and 127.50 ± 12.20 cm for females), withers height (108.80 ± 8.30 cm for males and 106.0 ± 7.30 cm for females) and body length (111.59 ± 8.39 cm for males and 109.08 ± 7.52 cm for females), heart girth (128.91 ± 11.80 cm for males and 129.72 ± 12.25 cm for females), withers height (102.23 ± 9.31cm for males and 102.48 ± 11.88 cm for females), respectively.
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cattle in Pamekasan district can not reach of body measurement according to criteria of Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982. Body measurement of Madura cattle can be increased by genetic improvement (selection and arrangement of mating), improving the quality of feed, healthy, and maintenance management.
In conclusion, body measurement of Limousin cross Madura cattle in first group (1-2 years) and second group (3-4 years) is greater than that of Madura cattle. Body measurement of Madura cattle has increased but it can not reach of body measurement according to criteria of Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982.
REFERENCES
Aisyah, N. 2000. Study on Body Measurement of Madura Cattle at Samaran, Madura. Skripsi S1. Departement of Animal Production Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University.
Anonymus. 2011. Livestock Population Data. Pamekasan Livestock Service. East Java Province.
Brown, C. J.; Brown, J. E. & Butts, W. T. Evaluating relationships among Immature measure of size, shape and performance of beef bulls. II.The relationships between immature measures of size, shape and feedlot traits in young beef bulls. J. Anim. Sci., 36:1021, 1973.
Corrêa, M. B. B., N. J. L. Dionello and F. F. Cardoso. 2006. Estimation of genetic parameters and (co)variance components for preweaning productive traits in Devon Cattle in Rio Grande do Sul. R. Bras. Zootec. 35: 997-1004.
Doren, P. E., J. F. Baker, C. R. Long, and T. C. Cartwright. 1989. Estimating parameters of growth curves of bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1432-1445.
Gunawan. 1993. Madura cattle: as beef, draught, Karapan and Sonok. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Hartatik, T., D. A. Mahardika, T. S. M. Widi, dan E. Baliarti. 2009.Characteristic and Performance of Limousin-Madura Grade and Madura Cows In Sumenep and Pamekasan Regencies. Buletin of Animal Science, Vol 33 (3): 143-147. Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta.
Soeparno. 1998. Meat Science and Technology. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
