• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Desain Dan Kasus Pembajakan Karya Intelektual Di Indonesia

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Desain Dan Kasus Pembajakan Karya Intelektual Di Indonesia"

Copied!
10
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

7HUDNUHGLWDVL 'LUMHQ 'LNWL 6. 1R ',.7, .HS

0HQ\RDO +D., GDQ 3HPEDMDNDQ

.DU\D ,QWHOHNWXDO

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

EHEDV %DKNDQ PHQXUXW%XVVLQHVV 6RIWZDUH $OOL DQFH %6$ SHUVHQ SDVDU SHUDQWL OXQDN VRIW ZDUH GL ,QGRQHVLD GLLVL ROHK EDUDQJ EDMDNDQ KWWS

NRPSDV FRP NRPSDV FHWDN IRNXV KWP GLDNVHV 6HSWHPEHU 'DWD ODLQ PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDKZD VHSDQMDQJ WDKXQ NDZDVDQ $VLD WHODK PHQFXUL SHQGDSDWDQ $6 OHELK GDUL PLO\DU GRODU ,QGRQHVLD WHUFDWDW ³PHQFXUL´ SHUVHQ XQWXN SURGXN ILOP KLEXUDQ PRWLRQ SLFWXUHV

GDQ SHUDQJNDW OXQDN DSOLNDVL ELVQLV EXVVLQHVV DSSOLFDWLRQ GHQJDQ QLODL KDPSLU MXWD GRODU $6 6HFDUD NHVHOXUXKDQ ,QGRQHVLD WHODK ³PHQFXUL´ SHQGDSDWDQ $6 OHELK GDUL MXWD GRODU $6 GDUL SHPEDMDNDQ SURGXN ILOP VRIWZDUHDSOLNDVL ELVQLV UHNDPDQ PXVLN VRIWZDUH KRPH HQWHUWDLQWPHQWGDQ EXNX

1DPXQ WLGDN ELVD GLSXQJNLUL NHEHUDGDDQ

'HVDLQ GDQ .DVXV 3HPEDMDNDQ .DU\D ,QWHOHNWXDO

GL ,QGRQHVLD

$%675$&7

'HVLJQ SLUDF\ WKRXJK FRQVLGHUHG DV VHULRXV SUREOHPV LV RIWHQ RYHUORRNHG 7KLV SKHQRPHQRQ FRPPRQO\ IRXQG LQ 7KLUG :RUOG FRXQWULHV 7KH JRYHUQPHQW KDYH EHHQ KDYH EHHQ HPSOR\LQJ

PDQ\ ZD\V WR UHGXFH SLUDF\ VXFK DV DGRSWLQJ ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV %XW WKH HIIRUW WR FRPEDW SLUDF\ ZDV FKDOOHQJHG E\ VRPH SDUWLHV ZKLFK EHQHILWHG IURP VXFK DFWLYLWLHV 3LUDF\

LQ PLFUR SHUVSHFWLYH HOLPLQDWHV IDLU FRPSHWLWLRQ DQG FUHDWHV XQIDLU FRPSHWLWLRQ 7KH FXOWXUH RI SLUDF\ DOVR KDUDVVHG DQG VXEPHUJHG WKH UROH RI ODZ /DZ HQIRUFHPHQW WRZDUG ,QWHOOHFWXDO

3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV LV D PXVW 7KH FKDOOHQJH LV KRZ WR DZDNHQ PHPEHUV RI VRFLHW\ WRZDUG WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV

.DWD NXQFL +DN DWDV .HND\DDQ ,QWHOHNWXDO SHPEDMDNDQ GHVDLQ

(2)

ROHK VHOXUXK ODSLVDQ PDV\DUDNDW +DO LQL NDUHQD KDUJD YHUVL EDMDNDQ MDXK GL EDZDK KDUJD DVOLQ\D 'DSDW NLWD OLKDW PLVDOQ\D MLND VHEXDK KDUJD 9&' RULVLQDO VHKDUJD UXSLDK GHQJDQ YHUVL EDMDNDQQ\D KDQ\D GLKDUJDL UXSLDK VDMD $WDX VHEXDK SURJUDP NRPSXWHU VRIWZDUH \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ ROHK SURGXVHQ GHQJDQ KDUJD UDWXVDQ ULEX UXSLDK GL SDVDU EDMDNDQ GDSDW NLWD EHOL GHQJDQ KDUJD KLQJJD UXSLDK VDMD

&RQWRK ODLQ XQWXN PHQMDODQNDQ NRPSXWHU UDNLWDQ VHKDUJD MXWDDQ KDUXV PHQJHOXDUNDQ GDQD WDPEDKDQ KLQJJD MXWD UXSLDK OHELK ELOD NLWD PHQJJXQDNDQVRIWZDUHDVOL GHQJDQ JDPEDUDQ26 :LQGRZV ;3VHKDUJD $6 SOXV06 2IILFHVHKDUJD $6 0HODOXL LOXVWUDVL WHUVHEXW PDND ZDMDU VDMD SURGXN KDVLO EDMDNDQ PHUXSDNDQ SULPDGRQD GL PDV\DUDNDW GHQJDQ DODVDQ NODVLN NDUHQD KDUJD \DQJ DVOL MDXK OHELK PDKDO

0HQXUXW VHMDU DK VHEHQ DU Q\D PDVDODK SHPEDMDNDQ EXNDQ KDO EDUX 0HQMHODQJ WDKXQ WHUMDGL NDVXV SODJLDW \DQJ VDQJDW PHQJKHERKNDQ 6HRUDQJ XODPD WHUPDVKXU +DPND GLDQJJDS ROHK ODZDQ SROLWLNQ\D WHODK PHODNXNDQ SHQMLSODNDQ NDU\D GL PDQD URPDQ 7HQJJHODPQ\D .DSDO 9DQ GHU :LMN PHUXSDNDQ VDGXUDQ GDUL NDU\D $OSKRQVH .DUU 6RXV OHV 7LOOHXOV

6HVXQJJXKQ\D SDGD DNKLU DEDG NH EHUDWXV URPDQ EDKDVD %HODQGD DWDX &LQD WHODK GLVDGXU NH GDODP EDKDVD 0HOD\X WDQSD DGD FHODDQ DSD SXQ SDGD SHQ\DGXUQ\D

+DO \DQJ VHGLNLW EHUEHGD GLNDWDNDQ ROHK $EG 0RTVLWK *KD]DOL 0HQXUXWQ\D NDODX NLWD PHQJLNXWL SHUNHPEDQJDQ WUDGLVL ,VODP NODVLN SDUD XODPD \DQJ PHQXOLV EHULEX ULEX MXGXO EXNX WLGDN SHUQDK PHPLOLNL KDN FLSWD 6HEDJDL FRQWRK NLWD ELVD PHOLKDW $O *KD]DOL 5DWXVDQ EXNX NDU\DQ\D EHUHGDU GL SDVDU WDSL DKOL ZDULVQ\D WLGDN SHUQDK PHQGDSDWNDQ UR\DOWL DWDV NDU\D WHUVHEXW %DKNDQ WLGDN DGD KDN FLSWD EDJL $O *KD]DOL VHKLQJJD PDV\DUDNDW EHEDV PHQJRSLQ\D

'L NDODQJDQ LQWHOHNWXDO 0XVOLP MXJD WHUGDSDW WUDGLVL XQWXN WLGDN PHQJRPHUVLDONDQ LOPX NDUHQD KDO WHUVHEXW GDSDW PHQJXUDQJL NDGDU NHLNKODVDQ

VDULTDK SHQ FXU LDQ KWWS ZZZ LVODP HPDQVLSDWRULV FRP DUWLNHO SKS"LG GLDNVHV 6HSWHPEHU

.LWD MXJD KDUXV MXMXU EDKZD NLWD KDUXV PHPEHULNDQ DSUHVLDVL WHUKDGDS NDU\D NDU\D LQWHOHNWXDO WHUVHEXW 3HQJKDUJDDQ \DQJ OD\DN SDWXW GLEHULNDQ NHSDGD SDUD SHPHJDQJ KDN FLSWD WHUVHEXW JXQD PHQXPEXKNDQ SURGXNWLYLWDV GDODP QHJHUL %LVD GLED\DQJNDQ MLND VHEXDK NDU\D FLSWD GLKDUJDL UHQGDK WHQWX SDUD PXVLVL DWDX VHQLPDQ PXQJNLQ PHQMDGL WLGDN SURGXNWLI

.DVXV ODLQ DGDODK VHEXDK NDU\D GHVDLQ JUDILV GDU L GHVDLQ HU 7K DOLD .DPDUJD SDGD

DYRFDGROLWH FRP\DQJ WDN OXSXW GDUL SHPEDMDNDQ .DVXV LQL WHUXQJNDS NHWLND GHVDLQHU WHUVHEXW GDODP VHEXDK VLWXV LQWHUQHW PHQJHOXK NDUHQD NDU\DQ\D GLMLSODN .DU\D GHVDLQ JUDILVQ\D VHSHUWL GDSDW NLWD OLKDW SDGD JDPEDU JDPEDU GL EDZDK LQL

3HUKDWLNDQ SDGD *DPEDU DGDODK JDPEDU DVOL VHGDQJNDQ JDPEDU GDQ DGDODK SURGXN GHVDLQ EDMDNDQ GDUL JDPEDU KWWS EORJ JRGRWH FRP

SHPEDMDNDQ NDU\D KWPO GLDNVHV $JXVWXV

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

%HU NDLWDQ GHQ JDQ IHQ RPHQ D WHUVHEXW EHUEDJDL FDUD WHODK GLODNXNDQ ROHK SHPHULQWDK GDQ SLKDN SLKDN \DQJ WHUNDLW XQWXN PHPEHUDQWDV SHPEDMDNDQ +DN DWDV .HND\DDQ ,QWHOHNWXDO +D., LQL \DLWX PXODL GDULVZHHSLQJWHUKDGDS EDUDQJ EDUDQJ EDMDNDQ \DQJ EHUHGDU GL SDVDU KLQJJD PHQ VDKNDQ 88 +DN &LSWD 1R WDKXQ \DQJ

(3)

7HUDNUHGLWDVL 'LUMHQ 'LNWL 6. 1R ',.7, .HS

WDKXQ GDQ DWDX GHQGD SDOLQ J EDQ\DN 5S OLPD UDWXV MXWD UXSLDK ´ 6HGDQJNDQ GDODP D\DW 88+& GLVHEXWNDQ EDKZD EDUDQJ VXGDK GLEHUODNXNDQ VHMDN -XOL GDQ

PHPEDZD NHPDMXDQ EDUX GDODP SHUOLQGXQJDQ KDN WHUVHEXW \DQJ PHOLSXWL SHUOLQGXQJDQ WHUKDGDS EXNX SURJUDP NRPSXWHU SDPIOHW SHUZDMDKDQ NDU\D WXOLV \DQJ GLWHUELWNDQ GDQ VHPXD KDVLO NDU\D WXOLV ODLQ FHUDPDK NXOLDK SLGDWR ODJX DWDX PXVLN GHQJDQ DWDX WDQSD WHNV GUDPD WDUL NRUHRJUDIL SHZD\DQJDQ GDQ SDQWRPLP VHQL UXSD GDODP VHJDOD EHQWXN DUVLWHNWXU SHWD VHQL EDWLN IRWRJUDIL VLQHPDWRJUDIL WHUMHPDKDQ WDIVLU VDGXUDQ EXQJD UDPSDL GDWD EDVH GDQ NDU\D ODLQ GDUL KDVLO SHQJDOLKZXMXGDQ

%DQ\DN WHUGDSDW SDVDO SDVDO \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D FXNXS PHPEHUDWNDQ SDUD SHODNX SHPEDMDNDQ +D., LQL 0LVDOQ\D SDGD SDVDO D\DW GLVHEXWNDQ ³%DUDQJ VLDSD GHQJDQ VHQJDMD PHQ\LDUNDQ PHQJHGDUNDQ DWDX PHQMXDO NHSDGD XPXP VXDWX FLSWDDQ DWDX EDUDQJ KDVLO SHODQJJDUDQ +DN &LSWD DWDX +DN 7HUNDLW VHEDJDLPDQD GLPDNVXG GDODP D\DW GLSLGDQD GHQJDQ SLGDQD SHQMDUD SDOLQJ ODPD

*DPEDU .DU\D RULVLQDO ROHK 7KDOLD .DPDUJD RI DYRFDGROLWH FRP

*DPEDU *DPEDU JUDILV \DQJ GLMLSODN XQWXN JDPEDU VDPSXO VHEXDK EXNX

*DPEDU *DPEDU \DQJ VDPD XQWXN GHVDLQ ³QHRQ ER[´ SDSDQ UHNODPH VHEXDK WRNR

(4)

SHQMDUD GDQ DWDX GHQGD MXWD UXSLDK 1DPXQ SHPEHU ODNXDQ 88+& LQL EXNDQ EHU DU WL PHQ\XUXWNDQ ODQJNDK SDUD SHUPEDMDN 0HPDQJ SDGD DZDO 88 LQL GLEHUODNXNDQ KDPSLU GL VHOXUXK VXGXW SHQMXDODQ EDUDQJ EDMDNDQ VHSHUWL 9&' &'

6RIWZDUH SHGDJDQJ GDQ SURGXN \DQJ GLMXDO VHRODK PHQJKLODQJ GDUL SDVDU 1DPXQ KDO LQL WLGDN EHUODQJVXQJ ODPD .HQ\DWDDQQ\D VHNDUDQJ SHPEDMDNDQ NDU\D FLSWD PDVLK WHUXV PDUDN GDQ VXEXU

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

'LWHJDVNDQ SXOD ROHK 5DQWL SHQHJDNDQ KXNXP GL ELGDQJ KDN FLSWD VDQJDW GLSHQJDUXKL ROHK SHUDQ REMHNWLYLWDV KDNLP GDODP PHPXWXVNDQ SHUNDUD SHUNDUD KDN FLSWD +DNLP KDUXV VHFDUD NRQVLVWHQ PHQHJDNNDQ KXNXP GDODP PHOLQGXQJL SHQFLSWD EHUGDVDUNDQ SULQVLS SULQVLS 8QGDQJ XQGDQJ +DN &LSWD 88+& GDQ SULQVLS SULQVLS7UDGH 5HODWHG $VSHFWV RI ,QWHOOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ 5LJKWV :RUOG 7UDGH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ 75,3V :72

.DVXV NDVXV SHODQ JJDU DQ K DN FLSWD PHU XSDNDQ VDODK VDWX SHQJK DPEDW VHU LXV WHUFDSDLQ\D WXMXDQ 88+& 'DODP EHUEDJDL NDVXV SHODQJJDUDQ KDN FLSWD WDPSDN MHODV EDKZD NHDGLODQ EDJL SHQFLSWD WLGDN WHUFDSDL GDQ SHQHJDNDQ KXNXP WHUKDGDS SLKDN SLKDN \DQJ PHODNXNDQ SHPEDMDNDQ WHUKDGDS VXDWX NDU\D FLSWD WHUVHEXW MXJD WLGDN WHUFDSDL 0LVDOQ\D NDVXV SHQ\DQ\L GDQJGXW $ 5DILT \DQJ PHODSRUNDQ SURGXVHU 5DDP 3XQMDEL

PHPHQDQJNDQ 3XQMDEL GDODP NDVXV LQL

.HQGDOD ODLQ VHEHQDUQ\D MXJD WHUOHWDN SDGD PDV\DUDNDW ,QGRQHVLD VHQGLUL 0DV\DUDNDW NLWD WDKX WHQWDQJ SHUOLQGXQJDQ KDN FLSWD WDSL WLGDN PDX PHODNVDQDNDQ NHWHQWXDQ LWX 'DODP 88+& PHPDQJ GLVHEXWNDQ EDKZD SHPEHOL GDQ SHQLNPDW NDU\D FLSWD WLGDN WHUPDVXN SHODQJJDU KDN FLSWD VHODPD WHUEDWDV GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN GLUL VHQGLUL $NDQ WHWDSL WLQGDNDQ SDUD SHQLNPDW NDU\D EDMDNDQ LQL MXVWUX PHQ\XEXUNDQ SHODQJJDUDQ SHODQJJDUDQ KDN FLSWD

0DVLK PHQXUXW 5DQWL IHQRPHQD ODLQ \DQJ SDWXW XQWXN GLVLPDN DGDODK EHQDUNDK SHQHUDSDQ 88+& GL ,QGRQHVLD PHUXSDNDQ NHVDGDUDQ SHQXK SHPHULQWDK ,QGRQHVLD XQWXN PHOLQGXQJL +D., DWDX KDQ\D NDUHQD GHVDNDQ HNRQRPL JOREDO :72 'DODP ODSRUDQ .DQWRU 3HUZDNLODQ 3HUGDJDQJDQ $6

8QLWHG 6WDWHV 7UDGH 5HSUHVHQWDWLYH 8675 PHQ\HEXWNDQ EDKZD ,QGRQHVLD WHUPDVXN GDIWDU QHJDUD \DQJ VDQJDW SHUOX GLDZDVL SULRULW\ ZDWFK OLVW GDQ WHUDQFDP VDQNVL GDJDQJ EHUXSD EORNDGH HNVSRU NH $6 NDUHQD GLWXGXK ³PHODNXNDQ SUDNWLN GDJDQJ \DQJ WLGDNIDLU´

&DUORV &RUULHD VHRUDQJ SHQHOLWL7KLUG :RUOG 1HWZRUN PHQJDWDNDQ EDKZD SHUMDQMLDQ \DQJ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ PDVDODK +D., VHEHWXOQ\D EXNDQ KDQ\D EHUPDNVXG PHQJXUDQJL SHPEDMDNDQ VHSHUWL \DQJ GLVHEXWNDQ GDODP ODSRUDQ 8675 WDSL VHNDOLJXV PHUXSDNDQ NHELMDNDQ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ SU RWHNVL DWDV WHNQ RORJL GDQ PHPSHU NXDW SHPEDJLDQ NHUMD LQWHUQDVLRQDO EDUX 1HJHUL LQGXVWUL PDMX PHQMDGL SHQJKDVLO WHPXDQ VHPHQWDUD QHJHUL EHUNHPEDQJ PHQMDGL SDVDU GDUL SURGXN GDQ MDVD \DQJ GLKDVLONDQ 6HPHQWDUD VXOLW PHQXQMXNNDQ VHEHUDSD MDXK PDV\DUDNDW PHQLNPDWL ³WUDQVIHU WHNQRORJL´ \DQJ NRQRQ PHQJLULQJL LQYHVWDVL DVLQJ NH VLQL NHOHPDKDQ GDQ NHNXUDQJDQ GDUL DWXUDQ PDLQ LWX VXGDK PXODL WDPSDN

6HMXPODK DNWLYLV /60 VHSHU WL ,QGDK 6XNVPDQLQJVLK GDUL </., GDQ +LUD -KDPWDQL GDUL .RQSKDOLQGR EHUXODQJNDOL PHQJJXJDW NHVDGDUDQ QHJDUD SHVHUWD :72 \DQJ VHPDNLQ GLLNDW GDODP SRVLVL WLGDN VHWDUD VHFDUD HNRQRPL WHNQRORJL GDQ

(5)

7HUDNUHGLWDVL 'LUMHQ 'LNWL 6. 1R ',.7, .HS

NHVHMDKWHUDDQ 0HUHND PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD NHDQHNDUDJDPDQ KD\DWL ELRGLYHUVLW\ DNDQ WHUDQFDP GHQJDQ NHOXDUQ\D DWXUDQ WHQWDQJ SDWHQ 'HQJDQ PRGDO NXDW GDQ WHNQRORJL SHQHOLWLDQ FDQJJLK QHJDUD PDMX ELVD PHQFDSORN KDELWDW ELQDWDQJ DWDX WXPEXKDQ NKXVXV PHODOXL SDWHQ 3HQMDUDKDQ VXGDK EHUODQJVXQJ FXNXS ODPD 7DKXQ

PLVDOQ\D SHUXVDKDDQ 5LFH 7HFGDUL $6 PHQJDMXNDQ KDN PLOLN LQWHOHNWXDO DWDV SDGL DVDO ,Q GLD \DQJ VHODPD EHUWDKXQ WDKXQ PHQMDGL PLOLN EHUVDPD 5XPDK PRGH<\HV 6W /DXUHQWPHQJNODLP SDWHQ DWDV LODQJ LODQJ VHMHQLV EXQJD GDUL )LOLSLQD /HELK MDXK GLNDWDNDQ EDK ZD U H]LP +D., LQWHUQDVLRQDO WHODK PHQFLSWDNDQ MXUDQJ DQWDUD QHJHUL PDMX GDQ QHJHUL EHUNHPEDQJ VHSHUWL ,QGR QHVLD

3HQJHUWLDQ GDQ 5XDQJ /LQJNXS +D.,

+D., DZDOQ\D PHQFDNXS GXD NRQVHS EHVDU \DNQL KDN FLSWD FRS\ULJKW GDQ KDN SDWHQ \DQJ GLDWXU VHFDUD WHUSLVDK ,VWLODK ³LQWHOHNWXDO´ GDODP +D., EHUDUWL KDN FLSWD PHOLQGXQJL KDVLO NHFHUGDVDQ SLNLUDQ GDQ XQJNDSDQ DWDX UHQXQJDQ PDQXVLD \DQJ PHQMHOPD GDODP EHQWXN EXNX ODJX DWDX ILOP 6HPHQWDUD KDN SDWHQ PHQFDNXS WHPXDQ GDQ WHNQRORJL NHUMD \DQJ GLNHUDKNDQ XQWXN PHPEXDW EDUDQJ EDUX PXODL GDUL WUDNWRU REDW REDWDQ VDPSDL DODW SHPEXND NDOHQJ \DQJ PHQJJXQDNDQ OLVWULN

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

0HQXUXW /LQGVH\ SHQJHUWLDQ +D.,

SDGD XPXPQ\D EHUKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ SHUOLQGXQJDQ SHQHUDSDQ LGH GDQ LQIRUPDVL \DQJ PHPLOLNL QLODL NRPHUVLDO +D., DGDODK NHND\DDQ SULEDGL \DQJ GDSDW GLPLOLNL GDQ GLSHUODNXNDQ VDPD GHQJDQ EHQWXN EHQWXN NHND\DDQ ODLQQ\D

6HEDJLDQ EHVDU NHND\DDQ LQWHOHNWXDO GDSDW GDQ ELVD GLSHUMXDOEHOLNDQ VHSHUWL VHEXDK EXNX +D., MXJD GDSDW GLVHZDNDQ VHODPD NXUXQ ZDNWX WHUWHQWX GL PDQD SLKDN SHQ\HZD PHPED\DU VHMXPODK XDQJ NHSDGD SLKDN \DQJ PHQ\HZDNDQ KDN WHUVHEXW XQWXN PHQJJXQDNDQ NHND\DDQ LQWHOHNWXDO WHUVHEXW 3HUMDQMDQ WHUVHEXW GLVHEXW OLVHQVL

%HUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ UXDQJ OLQJNXS SHUOLQGXQJDQ +D., DGD EDQ\DN KDO \DQJ GDSDW GLOLQGXQJL ROHK +D., \DLWX WHUPDVXN QRYHO NDU\D VHQL IRWRJUDIL OHPEDUDQ PXVLN UHNDPDQ VXDUD ILOP VRIWZDUHGDQ

KDUGZDUHNRPSXWHU VLWXV LQWHUQHW GHVDLQ XQWXN EDUDQJ EDUDQJ \DQJ GLSURGXNVL VHFDUD PDVDO PDNKOXN KLGXS KDVLO UHND\DVD JHQHWLND REDW REDWDQ EDUX UDKDVLD GDJDQJ SHQJHWDKXDQ WHNQLN NDUDNWHU VHUWD PHUHN

5XDQJ /LQJNXS +XNXP +D., 'LMHODVNDQ /LQGVH\ EDKZD KXNXP +D., WLGDN GLSHUOXDV WHUKDGDS VHWLDS VLWXDVL GLPDQD VHVHRUDQJ \DQJ PHODNXNDQ XVDKD DWDX VXPEHU GD\D NH GDODP VXDWX \DQJ PHOLEDWNDQ SHQJHOXDUDQ EXGL SHQJHWDK XDQ NHDK OLDQ DWDX WHQDJD %HUGDVDUNDQ KXNXP GL ,QGRQHVLD GDQ 88 GL EDQ\DN QHJDUD FLSWDDQ GDQ LQYHQVL KDQ\D DNDQ GLOLQGXQJL MLND FLSWDDQ GDQ LQYHQVL WHUVHEXW PHPHQXKL V\DUDW V\DUDW WHUWHQWX \DQJ WHODK GLDWXU 88 6HEDJDL FRQWRK LQYHQVL GL ELGDQJ LOPLDKVFLHQWLILN GLVFRY HULHVWLGDNODK GLOLQGXQJL 3DWHQ KDQ\D EHUODNX WHU K DGDS VHEXDK SURVHV GDQ SU RGXN VHUWD SHQJHPEDQJDQ SURVHV DWDX SURGXN GDQ EXNDQ SDGD WHRUL LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ DWDX SHQHPXDQ GLV FRYHU\ GDUL EHEHUDSD PDNKOXN KLGXS DWDX XQVXU NLPLD WHUWHQWX \DQJ VXGDK DGD VHEHOXPQ\D VHFDUD DODPL &RQWRK ODLQ GLVHEXWNDQ VHEXDK WHRUL \DQJ UXPLW GDQ EHWXO EHWXO LOPLDK GDSDW GLSDNDL XQWXN PHPEDQWX SHPEXDWDQ SHVDZDW WHUEDQJ DJDU EHUVLIDW OHELK DHURGLQDPLV WLGDN GDSDW GLSDWHQNDQ PHVNLSXQ SHUNHPEDQJDQ WHRUL WHUVHEXW PHPDNDQ ZDNWX \DQJ ODPD VHUWD ELD\D \DQJ WLGDN VHGLNLW

(6)

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

&DEDQJ 8WDPD +D.,

&DEDQJ XWDPD +D., WHUGLUL GDUL KDN FLSWD SDWHQ GHVDLQ PHUHN UDKDVLD GDJDQJ WDWD OHWDN VLUNXLW WHUSDGX GDQ YDULHWDV WDQDPDQ UHND\DVD JHQHWLND LQWHUQHW GDQ GRPDLQ QDPHV SHQGDIWDUDQ GDQ HNSORLWDVL SHPDQIDDWDQ

'HVDLQ GDODP .RQWHNV +D.,

6HSHUWL GLVHEXWNDQ GL DWDV GHVDLQ VHEDJDL VDODK VDWX GDUL VHNLDQ EDQ\DN GDUL FDEDQJ XWDPD +D., 'DODP ZLOD\DK +D., GHVDLQ EHUKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ SHQDPSDNDQ VHFDUD YLVXDO GDUL SURGXN SU RGXN NRPHU VLDO 'HVDLQ ELDVDQ \D WLGDN PHOLQGXQJL IXQJVL GDUL VXDWX SURGXN PHODLQNDQ VHPDWD PDWD PHOLQGXQJL SHQDPSLODQ OXDUQ\D 'HVDLQ RULVLQDO GDUL SURGXN SURGXN NRPHUVLDO GLOLQGXQJL VHWHODK GHVDLQ WHUVHEXW GLGDIWDUNDQ

$GD SHUPDVDODKDQ \DQJ WHODK PHQJDFDXNDQ EDQ\DN SHPEHQWXN XQGDQJ XQGDQJ GL VHOXUXK GXQLD DGDODK EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ WXPSDQJ WLQGLKQ\D DQWDUD KDN FLSWD GHQJDQ GHVDLQ NDUHQD NHGXD UH]LP WHUVHEXW PHOLQGXQJL NDU\D NDU\D DUWLVWLN

'HVDLQ DGDODK VXDWX NUHDVL WHQWDQJ EHQWXN

GLZXMXGNDQ GDODP SROD ' DWDX ' VHUWD GDSDW GLSDNDL XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ VXDWX SURGXN EDUDQJ NRPRGLWDV LQGXVWUL DWDX NHUDMLQDQ WDQJDQ

+DN GHVDLQ GLEHULNDQ XQWXN GHVDLQ \DQJ EDUX 'HVDLQ \DQJ GLDQJJDS EDUX DSDELOD WDQJJDO SHQHULPDDQ GHVDLQ WHUVHEXW WLGDN VDPD GHQJDQ SHQJXQJNDSDQ \DQJ WHODK DGD VHEHOXPQ\D -DQJND :DNWX 3HUOLQGXQJDQ -DQJND ZDNWX WHUKDGDS KDN GHVDLQ GLEHULNDQ XQWXN MDQJND ZDNWX WDKXQ WHUKLWXQJ VHMDN WDQJJDO SHQHULPDDQ 3HQGDIWDUDQ

6HSHUWL FDEDQJ FDEDQJ +D., ODLQQ\D NHFXDOL +DN &LSWD GDQ 5DKDVLD GDJDQJ 88 PHQV\DUDWNDQ DGDQ\D SHQGDIWDUDQ VHEHOXP GHVDLQ WHUVHEXW PHPSHUROHK SHUOLQGXQJDQ KXNXP 3HQGDIWDUDQ GLODNXNDQ GL NDQWRU +D., GDQ XQWXN PHPSURVHV SHUPRKRQDQ SHQGDIWDUDQ WHUVHEXW GLDGDNDQ SHPHULNVDDQ WHUOHELK GDKXOX ROHK SDUD SHWXJDV GL NDQWRU +D.,

+XEXQJDQ 7XPSDQJ 7LQGLK

DQWDUD +DN &LSWD GDQ 'HVDLQ

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

%DUDQJ NDOL KDO LQL OHELK PXGDK GLMHODVNDQ GHQJDQ PHQJDPELO FRQWRK VHGHUKDQD EHULNXW LQL 6HRUDQJ PHQGHVDLQ VHEXDK NXUVL SDGD VHKHODL NHUWDV -LND GHVDLQ WHUVHEXW EHUVLIDW EDUX SHQGHVDLQ WHUVHEXW EHUKDN PHQGDIWDUNDQ NDU\DQ\D VHEDJDL

(7)

7HUDNUHGLWDVL 'LUMHQ 'LNWL 6. 1R ',.7, .HS

GHVDLQ .DU\D WHUVHEXW MXJD GDSDW GLDQJJDS VHEDJDL NDU\D VHQL PHQXUXW 88 +DN &LSWD -LND SHQGHVDLQ WHUVHEXW PHPEXDW NXUVL GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ GHVDLQ WDGL SHQGHVDLQ MXJD PHPLOLNL KDN FLSWD DWDV NXUVL KDO LQL GLVHEXW GHVDLQ \DQJ WHUKXEXQJ .HDGDDQ LQL PXQFXO ROHK NDUHQD SHQGHVDLQ VHEDJDL SHPLOLN KDN FLSWD PHPSXQ\DL KDN HNVNOXVLI XQWXN PHPEXDW NDU\D WHUVHEXW GDODP EHQWXN '

'LEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ 88 'HVDLQ 88 +DN &LSWD EDQ\DN PHPEHULNDQ PDQIDDW EDJL VHVHRUDQJ 0LVDOQ\D SHQGDIWDUDQ WLGDN GLSHUOXNDQ GDQ PDVD SHUOLQGXQJDQ +DN &LSWD EHUODQJVXQJ OHELK ODPD 88 GHVDLQ PHPDQJ GLDUDK NDQ XQWXN PHOLQGXQJL EDUDQJ EDUDQJ \DQJ GLSURGXNVL VHFDUD PDVVDO

8QGDQJ XQGDQJ +D., GDQ .RQGLVL

%DQJVD ,QGRQHVLD

3HUOLQGXQJDQ GHVDLQ PHPEHU LNDQ K DN PRQRSROL NHSDGD SHPLOLN GHVDLQ DWDV EHQWXN NRQILJXUDVL SROD DWDX RUQDPHQWDVL WHUWHQWX GDUL VHEXDK GHVDLQ 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ KXNXP GHVDLQ KDQ\D PHOLQGXQJL SHQDPSLODQ EHQWXN WHUOXDU GDUL VXDWX SURGXN 88 'HVDLQ WLGDN PHOLQGXQJL DVSHN IXQJVLRQDO GDUL VHEXDK GHVDLQ VHSHUWL FDUD SHPEXDWDQ SU RGXN FDUD NHUMD DWDX DVSHN NHVHODPDWDQQ\D 3HPEXDWDQ SHQJRSHUDVLDQ GDQ FLUL FLUL EDUDQJ WHUWHQWX GLOLQGXQJL ROHK KXNXP SDWHQ

1DPXQ WDPSDNQ\D SHPHULQWDK WLGDN VHULXV PHQDQJJDSL SHUPDVDODKDQ +D., WHUVHEXW +LQJJD NLQL QLDW SHPHU LQ WDK XQWXN EHQ DU EHQ DU PHPEHUDQWDV DNVL SHPEDMDNDQ GDQ SHODQJJDUDQ +D., PHPDQJ EHOXP WHUOLKDW VHULXV 3DGDKDO SD\XQJ KXNXPQ\D VXGDK MHODV \DNQL GHQJDQ 88 WHQ WDQJ +D., 1DPXQ SU DNWLN SHQHJDNDQ KXNXPQ\D PDVLK VDQJDW OHPDK GDQ VDQNVL KXNXP EDJL SHPEDMDN GDQ SHODQJJDU KDN FLSWD PDVLK UHQGDK VHKLQJJD SDUD SHPEDMDN WLGDN GLEXDW MHUD GHQJDQ KXNXPDQ \DQJ GLWHULPDQ\D

.DVXV NDVXV SHPEDMDNDQ NDU \D FLSWD FHQGHUXQJ PDUDN GL EHODKDQ GXQLD NHWLJD \DNQL Q HJDU D EHUNHPEDQ J Q HJDU D PLVNLQ GDQ EHUSHQGXGXN EDQ\DN +LPSLWDQ HNRQRPL VHSHUWL

GL ,QGRQHVLD VHWHODK EDGDL NULVLV PRQHWHU SDGD WLGDN MXJD NXQMXQJ UHGD PHQ\HEDENDQ WLQJNDW GD\D EHOL ODSLVDQ PDV\DUDNDW VHPDNLQ MDXK WHUKDGDS EDUDQJ NHEXWXKDQ VHKDUL KDULQ\D VHKLQJJD RUDQJ NHEDQ\DNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ EDUDQJ EDUDQJ \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ GD\D EHOLQ\D

3U RGXN SU RGXN GHVDLQ VXGDK PHQ MDGL NHEXWXKDQ GDQ DODW EDQWX NHJLDWDQ VHKDUL KDUL SDGD KDPSLU VHPXD ODSLVDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDUL LEX UXPDK WDQJJD SHODMDU PDKDVLVZD NDU\DZDQ PDXSXQ SURIHVLRQDO 3URGXN SURGXN WHUVHEXW GLSHUROHK GHQJDQ SHQJHOXDUDQ ELD\D \DQJ WHUMDQJNDX GHQJDQ WLGDN PHPSHGXOLNDQ SURGXN DVOL DWDX EDMDNDQ GDQ LQL VXGDK PHQMDGL KDO OXPUDK VHKLQJJD NHWLND GLEHUODNXNDQ SHQHJDNDQ KXNXP +D., WDPSDN WHUMDGL NHNDOXWDQ OXDU ELDVD GL VHOXUXK ODSLVDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDQ ELVQLV 5HQWDO UHQWDO ILOP PHQJDPELO MDODQ DPDQ GHQJDQ PHQXWXS VHPHQWDUD XVDKDQ\D NDQWRU NDQWRU ± EDLN NDQWRU SHPHULQWDK PDXSXQ VZDVWD ± ZDVZDV PDQDNDOD GDWDQJ SHWXJDV \DQJ WLED WLED PHPHULNVD NRPSXWHUQ\D

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

'HQJDQ NRQGLVL EDQJVD \DQJ WHUKLPSLW HNRQRPLQ\D DNDQ PXQFXO GLOHPD \DQJ VDQJDW WHUDVD GHQJDQ DGDQ\D SHQHJDNDQ 88 +DN &LSWD EDKZD \DQJ MXVWUX PHQMDGL NRUEDQ DGDODK EDQJVD VHQGLUL .ULVLV PRQHWHU \DQJ EHUNHSDQMDQJDQ

(8)

ELDV EHUPDNQD PXUDK VHKLQJJD EDUDQJ EDMDNDQ VHDNDQ DNDQ WHODK PHQ\HODPDWNDQ NHKLGXSDQQ\D

3HQXWXS

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³'HQJDQ +DUL 0XVLN ,QGRQHVLD %XGD\DNDQ 5DVD 0DOX 0HPEHOL 3URGXN %DMDNDQ´ ³3HFLQWD 0XVLN ,QGRQHVLD 0HQ\DWDNDQ 3HUDQJ WHUKDGDS 3HPEDMDNDQ .DU\D &LSWD 6HQLPDQ 0XVLN ,QGSQHVLD´ GDQ ³-DQJDQ %HOL 3URGXN %DMDNDQ ´

*HUDNDQ DQWL SHPEDMDNDQ LWX WHUXV GLJHPDNDQ KDPSLU SDGD WLDS NHVHPSDWDQ EDLN GDODP GLVNXVL VHPLQDU PDXSXQ SHPEHQWXNDQ RUJDQLVDVL DQWL SHPEDMDNDQ +LQJJD GDODP VHEXDK GLVNXVL DQWL

XQWXN PHODZDQ SHPEDMDNDQ NDU\D VHQL %DKNDQ JUXS PXVLN6ODQN PHPEXDW VHFDUD NKXVXV DOEXP

EHUWLWHO %DMDNDQ KWWS ZZZ UHSXEOLND FR LG NRU DQ BGHWDLO DVS"LG NDWBLG

NDWBLG NDWBLG GLDNVHV 6HSWHPEHU 'L $XVWUDOLD PDVDODK PHQDQJDQL WXPSDQJ WLQGLK DQWDUD KDN FLSWD GHQJDQ GHVDLQ GLVHOHVDLNDQ GHQJDQ FDUD VHEDJDL EHULNXW -LND VHEXDK JDPEDU GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHPEXDW VHEXDK EDUDQJ \DQJ EHUEHQWXN ' GDQ EDUDQJ WHUVHEXW GLSURGXNVL PDVDO SHUOLQGXQJDQ KDN FLSWD GLDQJJDS KLODQJ 3HPEXDWDQ VHEXDK EDUDQJ GLDQJJDS VHEDJDL

GLSURGXNVL PDVVDO MLND EDUDQJ WHUVHEXW GLEXDW VHEDQ\DN EXDK DWDX OHELK %HUGDVDUNDQ NHWHQWXDQ LQL VHVHRUDQJ OHELK PHPLOLK PHQFDUL SHUOLQGXQJDQ GHVDLQ GDUL SDGD PHQJDQGDONDQ 88 +DN &LSWD

3HQHJDNDQ KXNXP WHUKDGDS SHODQJJDUDQ 88 KDN FLSWD PDVLK PHQJDODPL NHQGDOD PHVNLSXQ WHODK WHUELWQ\D XQGDQJ XQGDQJ WHUEDUX \DNQL 88 +DN &LSWD 1R 7DKXQ \DQJ EHUXSDNDQ KDVLO UHYLVL XQGDQJ XQGDQJ VHEHOXPQ\D 'DODP EDQ\DN NDVXV SHODQJJDUDQ KDN FLSWD DNDQ WHUEHQWXU GLOHPD GLOHPD GDODP SHQHJDNDQ +D., PHOLSXWL NRQVHSVL +D., GDQ SHUVHSVLQ\D SROLWLFDO ZLOOSHPHULQWDK NXDOLWDV SHQ JDWXUDQ ³GLOHPD SDVDU ´ SDUD SHQHJDNDQ KXNXP PDNUR WUDQVSDUDQVL SURVHV SHQJDGLODQ LQVWDQVL SHQHJDN KXNXP GDQ +D., \DQJ WHUXV EHUNHPEDQJ

.HPEDOL SDGD DZDOQ\D PDVDODK +D., WLGDN GDSDW GLOHSDVNDQ GDUL DGDQ\D KXEXQJDQ DQWDUD QHJDUD LQGXVWUL PDMX GDQ QHJDUD EHUNHPEDQJ NKXVXVQ\D NDUHQD DGDQ\DXQLQWHQGHG WUDQVIHU RI ZHDOWKGDUL QHJDUD LQGXVWUL NH QHJDUD EHUNHPEDQJ

3DGD VLVL ODLQ SHQHJDNDQ +D., GLDQJJDS DNDQ PHQJKDPEDW WUDQVIHU RI NQRZOHGJH 'HQJDQ SD\XQJ 88 SHQJXDVDDQ NHDKOLDQ KDQ\D DNDQ GLPRQRSROL SLKDN SLKDN WHUWHQWX VDMD 6HEDJDLPDQD SHUQDK PHQMDGL NHSXWXVDQ SHPHULQWDK XQWXN NHOXDU GDUL ³%HUQH &RQYHQWLRQ´ 7XMXDQ NHOXDU GDUL NRQYHQVL LQL DGDODK EHUVLIDW VWUDWHJLV \DNQL DJDU GDSDW PXGDK PHODNXNDQ WUDQVIHU LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ GDQ WHNQRORJL GDUL OXDU NH GDODP QHJHUL GHQJDQ

(9)

7HUDNUHGLWDVL 'LUMHQ 'LNWL 6. 1R ',.7, .HS

FDUD PHQ\DGXU PHQHUMHPDKNDQ EXNX EXNX PHQLUX

KDVLO FLSWDDQ 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ NHELDVDDQ PHQLUX DWDX PHQMLSODN VHEDJLDQ GDUL ZDULVDQ NHSXWXVDQ SROLWLN VWUDWHJLV PDVD ODOX

-XVWLILNDVL \DQJ SDOLQJ PHQGDVDU XQWXN +D., DGDODK EDKZD VHVRUDQJ \DQJ WHODK PHQJHOXDUNDQ XVDKD NH GDODP SHQFLSWDDQ PHPLOLNL VHEXDK KDN DODPL XQWXN PHPLOLNL GDQ PHQJRQWURO DSD \DQJ WHODK PHUHND FLSWDNDQ 3HQGHNDWDQ LQL PHQHNDQNDQ SDGD NHMXMXUDQ GDQ NHDGLODQ 'LOLKDW VHEDJDL SHUEXDWDQ \DQJ WLGDN MXMXU GDQ WLGDN DGLO MLND PHQFXUL XVDKD VHVHRUDQJ WDQSD PHQGDSDWNDQ PHQGDSDWNDQ WHUOHELK GDKXOX SHUVHWXMXDQQ\D

3HQHJDNDQ KXNXP +D., SDGD GDVDUQ\D PHQ JDQGXQ J DU WL EDJDLPDQ D PHQ MDGLNDQ PDV\DUDNDW VDGDU +D., 3HQHJDNDQ WHUVHEXW ELVD GLODNXNDQ PHODOXL GXD FDUD

3HUWDPD RUDQJ SHURUDQJ EHUKDN PHQJJXJDW SHODQJJDU NH SHQJDGLODQ DWDX OHPEDJD \DQJ EHUIXQ JVL VHEDJDL SHQ JDGLODQ DWDV GDVDU SHODQJJDUDQ +D., 8SD\D KXNXPDQ \DQJ GDSDW GLEHULNDQ DQWDUD ODLQ JDQWL NHUXJLDQ SHPXQDKDQ EDUDQJ SHODQJJDUDQ SHQHWDSDQ VHPHQWDUD GDQ ODLQ ODLQ

.HGXD \DQJ ELVD GLSDNDL XQWXN PHPDNVD RU DQJ VXSD\D PHQDDWL +D., DGDODK PHODOXL QHJDUD 'L EDQ\DN QHJDUD QHJDUD EHUKDN PHQJKXNXP RU DQJ \DQJ PHODQJJDU SHUDWXUDQ SHUXQGDQJ XQGDQJDQ GHQJDQ VDQNVL SLGDQD $NDQ WHWDSL VDQNVL SLGDQD WHUVHEXW MDUDQJ GLSDNDL GL QHJDUD \DQJ PHQJDQXW VLVWHP KXNXP$QJOR 6D[RQ

6HEDJDL NHORPSRN VHRUDQJ SHQFLSWD GHVDLQHU EHUXVDKD XQWXN PHQGDIWDUNDQ NDU\DQ\D ELODPDQD PHPDQJ WHODK PHPHQXKL NHWHQWXDQ +D., VHUWD PHQ\RVLDOLVDVLNDQ SHUDQ SRVLWLI +D., NHSDGD VHOXUXK SHQFLSWD GHVDLQ LQGXVWUL GDQ PDV\DUDNDW OXDV WHUKDGDS GDPSDN SHQ\HOHZHQJDQQ\D

&DWDWDQ $NKLU

+DVLO NDMLDQ :DNLO 3UHVLGHQ

,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,QWHOHFWXDO 3URSHUW\ $OOLDQFH

,,3$ $PHULND 6HULNDW 6WHYHQ - 0HWDOLW] /HSDV GDUL NHDEVDKDQ KDVLO NDMLDQ WHUVHEXW QDPXQ WHPXDQ LQL SDWXW PHQMDGL VRURWDQ VHPXD SLKDN NKXVXVQ\D GL ,QGRQHVLD

VXPEHU .RPSDV 2QOLQH

.DU\D $OSKRQVH .DUU LQL GLWHUMHPDKNDQ GDODP EDKDVD $UDE ROHK 0XVWDID /XWKIL $O 0DQIDOXWKL GHQJDQ MXGXO

0DGMXOLQ 0DGHOHLQH .DU\D LQLODK \DQJ PHQMDGL VXPEHU +DPND PHQJDUDQJ7HQJJHODPQ\D .DSDO YDQ GHU :LMN GHQJDQ EDQ\DN VDGXUDQ WHQWXQ\D FHULWDQ\D WHUMDGL GL 0LQDQJNDEDX 3DGD WHUELWDQ NH ROHK ODZDQ SROLWLN +DPND GLSHUNDUDNDQ VHEDJDL NDVXV SODJLDW 3ROHPLN PHPXQFDN NHPXGLDQ WHNV 0DQIDOXWKL GL WHUMHPDKNDQ NH GDODP EDKDVD ,QGRQHVLD GHQJDQ MXGXO

0DJGDOHQDWDKXQ DJDU SHPEDFD GDSDW PHQLODL VHQGLUL 6XPEHU 1XVD -DZD 6LODQJ %XGD\D -LOLG 'HQ\V /RPEDUG

'RNWRU ,OPX +XNXP 8QSDG GHQJDQ NDMLDQ 'HVDLQ ,QGXVWUL VXPEHU 3LNLUDQ 5DN\DW 2QOLQH

8UDLDQ GLEHULNDQ ROHK ,JQDWLXV +DU\DQWR MXUQDOLV GDQ ZDNLO GLUHNWXU /HPEDJD 6WXGL 3HUV GDQ 3HPEDQJXQDQ /633 -DNDUWD GDODP KWWS PNE NHUMDEXGD\D RUJ

PNE PNE UXEULN HVDL KWP

GLDNVHV 6HSWHPEHU

'DIWDU 3XVWDND

$ %XNX /RPEDUG 'HQ\V 1XVD -DZD 6LODQJ %XGD\D -LOLG /LQGVH\ 7LP 'NN +DN NHND\DDQ

,QWHOHNWXDO 6XDWX 3HQJDQWDU 37 $OXPQL %DQGXQJ

5RQDOG 9 %HWWLJ &ULWLFDO 3HUVSHFWLYHV RQ +LVWRU\ DQG 3KLORVRSK\ RI &RS\ULJKW &ULWL FDO 6WXGLHV LQ 0DVV &RPPXQLFDWLRQ

5DNKPDW -DODOXGGLQ 0HWRGH 3HQHOLWLDQ .RPXQLNDVL 5RVGD .DU\D %DQGXQJ 6DFKDUL $JXV 3HQJDQWDU 0HWRGRORJL

3HQHOLWLDQ %XGD\D 5XSD (UODQJJD -DNDUWD

% ,QWHUQHW KWWS ZZZ SLNLUDQ UDN\DW FRP KWWS NRPSDV FRP NRPSDV FHWDN IRNXV KWP K W W S Z ZZ L V O D P H P D Q V L S D W R U L V F R P DUWLNHO SKS"LG

(10)

KWWS ZZZ UHSXEOLND FR LG NRUDQBGHWDLO DVS"LG NDWBLG NDWBLG NDWBLG K W W S Z Z Z L S W H N Q H W L G L Q G S D W H Q W LQGH[ SKS"LG KWWS EORJ JRGRWH FRP SHPEDMDNDQ NDU\D KWPO

K WWS ZZZ SHPDQ WDXSHU DGLODQ FRP GHWLO GHWLO SKS"LG WLSH NRORP

KWWS ZZZ VLQDUKDUDSDQ FR LG HNRQRPL LQGXVWUL LQG KWPO

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang peneliti lakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Lubuklinggau menunjukkan bahwa sekolah ini memiliki segudang prestasi di bidang akademik maupun

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas butir soal Ujian Semester genap Pelajaran Kimia Kelas XII MIA SMA Negeri 1 Tapung tahun pelajaran 2016/2017

Pengujian bahan organik bentul menggunakan alat HPLC, dimana sampel yang telah direndam dengan natrium klorida dengan kosentrasi yang berbeda beda yaitu 0%, 5%,

Sebaik apapun penyampaian implementor kepada kelompok sasaran, jika tidak ditunjang dengan sumber daya yang memadai maka implementasi tidak akan berjalan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas pengolahan limbah secara biologi dalam mengurangi toksisitas limbah, meliputi pH dan kandungan logam berat Cu, serta

Marx yang kemudian dilengkapi oleh Friedrich Engels, mengemukakan suatu gagasan menarik bahwa perbedaan dan ketimpangan jender antara laki-laki dan

pakaian dengan keunikan dan kekhasan pulau Lombok yang memiliki daya tarik. Suvenir pakaian yang berkembang saat ini memiliki tema dan karakteristik desain yang

Sebagai bagian integral dari reformasi aparatur Negara, perlu dilakukan overhaul besar-besaran pada birokrasi pemerintah, yang mencakup penerapan sistem penggajian dan jaminan