! " # $ $$ % &
{
−
−
+
}
=
∞
→
x
x
x
x
x
x
2 2
3
4
1
lim
∞
3
1
2
+
3
1
−
a
ax
x
x
f
=
3+
+
)
(
a
≠
0
! ! " !# $ ! % "
4
0
<
a
<
4
9
dan
0
<
≠
a
a
3
>
a
6
3
<
a
≤
6
5
<
a
<
&
b
≠
1
" !=
−
=
+
−
−
0
2
2
0
2
2
2 2
y
xy
x
y
x
' #
&
( "
=
q
q
p
p
A
T2
−
=
−
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
B
=
+
−
1
0
1
0
p
AB
C
!
0
C
det
>
0
C
det
<
0
C
det
≥
0
C
det
≤
0
C
det
=
) * *+,- ./01 *1 2
+/1-3)2
4 2
()2
& 2
)2
4
0
≤
x
≤
2
π
% 5 ! " 2 22
1
3
sin
3
x
sin
+
π
+
x
−
π
≥
"
3
2
3
π
π
≤
≤
x
6
5
3
π
π
≤
≤
x
2
6
π
π
≤
≤
x
3
2
6
π
π
≤
≤
x
6
5
6
π
π
≤
≤
x
3
4
3
cos
cos
α
β
=
2
1
)
cos(
α
+
β
=
tan(
α
−
β
)
=
3
3
1
−
3
3
1
3
6 7 " ! 8 ! # 5 ! # 5 ( %5 "
(
3
13
3
14
)
3
16
9 " ! :
f
(
x
)
=
x
a(
1
−
x
)
b ;5 #
b
a
a
+
b
a
b
+
ab
b
a
2 2
b
a
+
& "
f
(
x
)
=
10
xg
(
x
)
=
x
2+
5
.
( )
(
)
=
−1 2
x
g
f
2 5 2 5(' )
2 5( )
2 5(' )
2 5 ' )
" :< =
2
3
; * :+ < " *+ 4 2
*+ %= 02 ! " ; #
6 ; &
9 ; &
; &
; &
; &
"
4
3
5
log
log
2
log
8 88
=
−
+
b
c
a
; % %%( %3 2 2 "
! "
) (
2
2
& " !
p
(
x
)
=
x
3+
ax
2+
bx
+
c
; 2
! ! " ! # ! 9; #
'
'
( > % 5 ' 5 ; # "
α
β
%0
2
2
x
2−
x
+
α
3+
β
3=
" ' # ; #4 4
3
2
−
6
1
6
1
−
) *
(
2log(
1
−
x
)
)
2−
8
>
2log(
1
−
x
)
2 ! !5 ? ? 5 ?
5 @ A 5 ? )
) ? 5 ? A
& B( ? 5 ? 5 ? )