Ilmu Ukur Wilayah dan
Sistem Informasi Geografis
Kata Pengantar
Buku ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan referensi pada matakuliah
kebumian, khususnya pada matakuliah Pengukuran wilayah, Surveying,
Kartografi. Referensi utama buku ini adalah catatan kuliah program Magister,
Center for Irrigation Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit, yang diasuh oleh Prof
Van Twan Bekke yang telah dikembangkan oleh Prof. Ahmad Munir dengan
mengintegrasikannya dengan teknologi kebumian, teknologi informasi dan
computer yang telah berkembang saat ini.
Ucapan terimakasih disampaikan kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu
dalam penyusunan buku ini sehingga penulisannya dapat diselesaikan
Wassalam,
Makassar, 2012
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1. Gambaran Bentuk Permukaan Bumi
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Measurement of ERATOSTHENES
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1.2. Representasi jarak vertikal dari suatu titik
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Titik Koordinat suatu Titik pada Permukaan GEOID ...Error! Bookmark not
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Geodesi Gravimetri...Error! Bookmark not defined.
Gravitasi Normal...Error! Bookmark not defined.
Penentuan Geoid dari Gravitasi...Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3. Deviasi vertikal
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BAB 2. SISTEM KOORDINAT ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. Klasifikasi sistem proyeksi
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2.2. Proyeksi Permukaan Bumi dengan Asumsi Bentuk Bulat seperti Bola Kaki
(Spheris)
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BAB 3. METROLOGI GEODESI...Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1. Pengukuran Pada Bidang Horizontal Dan Sudut Vertical Error! Bookmark
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3.2. Monumentasi
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3.3. Level
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3.4. Theodolite
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3.5. Pengukuran Sudut Vertikal
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BAB 4. PENGUKURAN JARAK...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1. Pengukuran Jarak Secara Langsung
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4.2. Pengukuran jarak tidak langsung
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BAB 5. PENGUKURAN BEDA TINGGI...Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Pengukuran Vertikal
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5.2. Geometric leveling
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5.3 Trigonometric Leveling
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5.4. Tachometric Leveling
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5.5. Kesalahan (error) pengukuran
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BAB 6. PROYEKSI, TRANSFORMASI DAN SISTEM KOORDINAT ...Error!
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6.1. Proyeksi dan Transformasi
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6.2. Sistem Koordinat
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P
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6.3. Transformasi
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BAB 8. SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI...Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.1 Konsep Pemetaan
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8.2. Sistem Informasi Geografis
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SIG ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
Manusia
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8.3. Digitasi Peta
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8.4. Mengintall Extentention ArcView
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8.5. Cara instal extension
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8.6. Cara instal spatial Analysis
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8.7. Membuat Project
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8.8. Prosedur Registrasi Peta Di Arcview
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8.9. Membangun kembali Topologi
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8.10. Membuat Layout PetaDengan Arcview
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8.11. Konversi Data menggunakan CorelTrace
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Konversi Format DXF ke format ARC/INFO
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BAB 9. PEMROGRAMAN PETA INTERAKTIVE DENGAN MAP OBJECT.Error!
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9.1. Pemerograman Delphidengan komponen MapObject Error! Bookmark not
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9.2. Menambah Peta dan Menambah Pengontrol Peta pada Form
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9.3. Penambahan Data Spasial Pada Peta
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9.4. Menyimpan Proyek
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9.5. Penambahan Operator SIG
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9.6. Menambah TombolExtent (Tayangan Penuh) Error! Bookmark not defined.
9.7. Membuat Tayangan Informasi Berbasis Spasial
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defined.
9.8. Membuat Peta Deviasi
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9.9. Menampilkan Atribut Peta
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Membuat Legenda dengan cara Rendering
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Klasifikasi Nilai Field dengan Cara
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Mencetak Hasil
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Pembuatan Laporan
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Kode Program...Error! Bookmark not defined.
Program Listing dari Project sources
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Kode Lengkap ProgUtama
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Project Sources Program Legenda
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Daftar Gambar
GAMBAR1. 1 PENGUKURAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEHERATOSTHENES...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 2. PENGUKURAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEHAKADEMIILMUPENGATAHUANPERANCIS...ERROR!
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GAMBAR1. 3 BENTUK PERMUKAAN BUMI SEBAGAI BULAT TELUR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 4 LINTANG DANBUJUR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 5 JARI-JARI KELENGKUNGAN BIDANG MERIDIAN DAN BIDANG VERTICAL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 6 REPRESENTASI JARAK PADA BIDANG ELLIPSOID...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 7 REPRESENTASIRUANG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 8 REPRESENTASI JARAK PADA PERMUKAAN BUMI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 9 REPRESENTASI MODEL FISIK DAN MATHEMATIK BENTUK PERMUKAAN BUMI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 10 MODEL FISIK PERMUKAAN BUMI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 11 ELLIPSOID DAN ELEVASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 12 GEODESI GRAVIMETRIC...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 13 PERMUKAAN FISIK,GEOID DAN ELIPSOID...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 14 PENAMPANGMELINTANGPERMUKAANTOFOGRAFI, GEOID DANELLIPSOID...ERROR!
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GAMBAR1. 15 PERBEDAANGARISTOPOGRAFI, GEOID DANELLIPSOID...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR1. 16 ELLIPSOIDAL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 1 PROYEKSI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 2 PLANE, CYLINDRIC DANCONICPROJECTION...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 3 PERBEDAANPRINSIPPROYEKSI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 4. CONICPROJECTION...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 5. SISTIMPROYEKSI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 6 SISTIMPROYEKSIBIDANGDATAR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 7. CONICPROJECTION...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 8 ...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 9 BESARNYA VARIASI YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEHSKALA YANG DIGUNAKAN...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 10...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 11...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 12 VARIASI YANG TIMBUL PADA PROYEKSIUTM...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR2. 13. GARISREFERENSI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 1 DEFINISI SUDUT HOROZONTAL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 2 TABUNGLEVEL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 3. SENSIVITASLEVEL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 4.LEVELLEMPENGAN...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 5 PENAMPANGTEROPONG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 6 GARISBANTU PADATEROPONG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 7 TEROPONGBERFOKUSINTERNAL(DILENGKAPI DENGAN LENSA CEKUNG) ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 8 KOMPONEN THEODOLIT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 9 KOMPONENREITERATIONTHEODOLITE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 11 PENGUKURAN SUDUT VERTIKAL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 12 PRISMALAYANG-LAYANG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR3. 13 PRISMAGANDA UNTUK PENGUKURAN SUDUT BENAR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 1 PENGUKURAN JARAK SECARA LANGSUNG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 2 KESALAHANSISTEMATIK...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 3 KESALAHANPENGUKURANSUDUT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 4 KESALAHANAKIBATKENDORNYAALATUKUR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 5 PENGUKURANJARAK...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 6 PENGUKURANJARAKDENGANTHEODOLITE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 7 PENGUKURANJARAK DENGANPARALLACTIC...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR4. 8 PENGUKURANJARAK DENGANGELOMBANGELEKTROMAGNETIK...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR5. 1 PENGUKURANBEDATINGGI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR5. 2. GEOMETRICLEVELLING...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR5. 3 UKUR TERLETAK DIANTARADUARAMBUUKUR...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR5. 4 TRIGONOMETRICLEVELLING...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR6. 1 SISTEMKOORDINAT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR6. 2. SISTIMPROYEKSI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR6. 3 ILLUSTRASICONICPROJECTION...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 1 PENDEKATAN BATAS WILAYAH DALAM PEMBUATAN PETA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 2 HUBUNGAN ANTAR KOMPONENSIG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 3 ARCVIEWGIS PREPARING INSTALL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 4 . ARCVIEWGIS 3.2 SETUP...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 5 ARCVIEWGIS LICENSEAGREEMENT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 6 CHOOSEINSTALLTYPE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
.GAMBAR8. 7 SETUP TYPE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 8SELECTPROGRAMFOLDER...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 9 STARTC ...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 10. INSTALLINGARCVIEWGIS 3.2 ...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 11.INSTALLING...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 12SETUPCOMPLETE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 13. ARCVIEWIMAGEANALYSISVERSION1.0 ...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 14 CHOOSEINSTALLTYPE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 15. SELECTPROGRAMFOLDER...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 16. STARTCOPYINGFILES...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 17. SETUPTYPE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 18. INSTALLINGARCVIEWIMAGEANALYSISVERSION1.0 ...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 19. SETUPCOMPLETE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 20. ARCVIEWGIS VERSION3.0 LICENSEAGREEMENT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 21. CHOOSEINSTALLTYPE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 27. TAMPILANVIEW...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 28. TAMPILANVIEW...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 29MEMBUKASUMBERDATA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 30TAMPILANTHEME...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 31CONTOHTAMPILANTOOLSPROJECT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 32MENU PADADOKUMENPROJECT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 33. CONTOHTAMPILANTOOLSVIEW...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 34MENU PADAVIEW...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 35. TAMPILANTOOLS PADATABLE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 36. MENU PADATABLE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 37. TAMPILANTOOLS PADACHART...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 38. MENU PADACHART...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 39. TAMPILANTOOLS PADALAYOUT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 40MENU PADALAYOUT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 41. TAMPILANTOOLS PADASCRIPT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 42. MENU PADASCRIPTREGISTRASIPETA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 43. PEMILIHAN EKSTENSION...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 44.PEMILIHAN FILE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 45. TAMPILAN SEBELUM DICENTENG...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 46. ZOOMING KOORDINAT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 47. ZOOMING KOORDINAT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 48, TAMPILAN SETELAH REGISTRASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 49. REGISTRASITITIK KEDUA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 50. ZOOMING TITIKKEDUA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 51. TAMPILAN SETELAHREGISTRASITITIKKEDUA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 52.TAMPILAN SETELAHREGISTRASITITIKKEDUA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 53. TAMPILAN PEMASUKAN TITIK KETIGA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 54. TAMPILANPEMASUKAN KORRDINAT TITIK KETIGA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 55. TAMPILAN SETELAH PEMASUKAN TITIK KETIGA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 56. TAMPILANPEMASUKAN KORRDINAT TITIK KEEMPAT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 57. TAMPILANSETELAH REGISTRASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 58.MENYIMPAN FILE REGISTRASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 59. MENYIMPAN FILE REGISTRASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 60. CONTOHDIGITASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 61. MEMBUATNEWTHEME...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 62. MEMBUATPOLIGON...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 63. CONTOHDIGITASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 64. TAMPILAN BASISDATA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 65. TAMPILANTEXT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 66. THEME DENGANLABEL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 67. TAMPILANCHART...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 68. TAMPILANLAYOUT...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 69. TAMPILANPRINTSETUP...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 70.PROSEDURPEMBANGUNANTOPOLOGI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 71 TAYANGANMENUCORELDRAW PADAWINDOWS...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 72 TAYANGANMENUPADACORELTRACE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 73PENGUBAHANMODE...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR8. 74. HASILTRACE DENGANCORELDRAW...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 2.TAYANGANFORMPENGENDALITMAP...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 3. TAYANGANPETA PADAFORM BORLANDDELPHI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 4. PEMBESARAN(ZOOMING) PETAPADAFORMDELPHI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 5. TAYANGAN PENGGESERAN(PANNING...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 6. FORMBARUUNTUKTAYANGANINFORMASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 7. TAYANGANINFORMASIBERBASISSPASIAL...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 8TAYANGANPETADEVIASI...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 9 TAYANGANATRIBUT PADATMAP...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GAMBAR9. 10. TAYANGANLEGENDA PADAPETA...ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
