CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Study
Language has a very important role for human being. As a human being we can not be separated from language. By language, we can make interaction,express our mind and making communication with others. Language also can bring the information from one people to another. Everyday we always use language for our activities, such as, in study, work, play and we can use language to express our ideas and emotions. Chomsky (2002 : 3) states that a language is an enormously involved system, and it is quite obvious that any attempt to present directly the set of grammatical phoneme sequences would lead to a grammar so complex that it would be practically useless.
Language can be viewed as a communication system that relates something to be communicated. Language can be said as a message on the one hand with a set signs or symbols on the other. Language is basically a communication for the people and that distinguish man from animals.
The network of relation between the words of a sentence is called structure. Chomsky (1965 : 15) states that hence, a generative grammar must be a system of rules that can iterate to generate an indefinitely large number of structures. This system of rules can be analyzed into the three major components of a generative grammar : the syntatic, phonological, and semantic components. The concept of structure is essential in distinguishing between the strings of words that are well-formed expression in the language and those are not. Specifying the function of constituent is an important part of structural analysis. It represents the structural relationship between words in a sentence.
Diagramming sentences provides a way of picturing the sturcture of a sentence. By placing the various parts of a sentence in relation to the basic subject-verb relationship, we can see how the parts fit together and how the meaning of a sentence branches out, just as the branches of a plant ramify from the stem in space and time.
In Linguistics, Syntax is the study of the principles and rules for constructing sentences in natural language. Syntactical has to do with how words are put together to build phrases, with how phrases are put together to build clauses or bigger phrases, and with how clauses are put together to build sentences.
If someone wants to improve both spoken and written language, he/she has to study Syntax well. There are some of theories to identify the Syntax features in language. This sentences can be identified by X-Bar theory, which the idea stems from Zellig Harris.
phrases in many language of the world even though the structure of languages is SVO or SOV and so on.
There are many object that can be analyzed on sentence structure such as: novel, short story, songs, newspaper and magazine. This thesis will try to convertsentences into 2 part, which is active and passive sentences found in an article, entitled JOKO WIDODO: MAN OF THE YEAR, pages 10, 33-35, 38-42, 44, 46-47, in addition Jokowi is still talking until this day because it is associated with his performances in Solo, became governor in Jakarta, and now the president of Indonesia.Below is the example of sentences found in Globe Asia Magazine:
(1) The country is crying out for the leadership. ( before conversion )
NP
NP PP PP
Det N Prep V Prep Det N
The country is crying out forthe leadership
After conversion into X-bar categories:
N-Double Bar
SPEC N-Bar
The N-Bar COMPL
country P V-Double Bar
is V-Bar
V
crying out
The main idea behind X-Bar theory is to explain the similarity between the rules for each category. The X in X-Bar theory is a variable over categories. As the tree diagram above, the COMPL “for the leadership” became completed of this NP “the country” after converted into x-bar analysis.
This article is the main news in Globe Asia Magazine. This magazine isquarterly magazine published by the East Asia Foundation. Similar in concept to Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs, Globe Asia deals with global issues, but with a special focus on Asia. The editor in chief is Chung in Moon of Yonsei University.
1.2Problems of the Study
1. How is X-Bar theory applied in active sentences found in an article entitled JokoWidodo: Man of the Year in Globe Asia Magazine?
2. How is X-Bar theory applied in passive sentences found in an article entitled JokoWidodo: Man of the Year in Globe Asia Magazine?
1.3Objectives of the Study
1. To find out how X-bar theory applied in activesentences in an article entitled JokoWidodo: Man of the Year in Globe Asia Magazine.
1.4Scope of the Study
This thesis deals with English Syntax. It is impossible for the writer to analyze all aspects of Syntax because the limitation and time. Therefore, it is very important to limit the scope of analysis in order to get a clear and satisfactory result. This thesis focus to analyse X-Bar theory on sentence structure found in an article entitled JokoWidodo: Man of the Year.
1.5Significance of the Study
