Quantity
Production 9,347,192 1,397 9,585,277 1,771 10,886,442 2,175 11,225,243 2,192 11,736,977 n.a
Market share(%) Production in the World Export
Domestic Consumption 6,678,868 998 6,901,805 1,275 7,697,043 1,538 7,849,045 1,533 8,474,492 n.a
1. Household 790,343 118,095 863,291 160 838,824 168 816,718 160 795,195 n.a
2. Non Household 5,888,525 879,882 6,038,514 1,116 6,858,219 1,370 7,032,327 1,373 7,679,287 n.a
Total Export 90,474 10,500 16,306 3,334 33,691 5,517 32,679 9,074
Import from Top 5 countries
1. China 325,500.0 38,532.0 897,500.0 102,119.2 1,305,700.0 160,336.1 190,700.0 26,717.6 7.0 199.0
2. Thailand 173,700.0 22,299.6 31,100.0 5,109.5 26,300.0 4,832.2 278,400.0 41,596.6 14,400.0 3,551.9
3. USA 463,700.0 54,307.4 69,200.0 8,529.9 2,100.0 1,042.9 141,100.0 27,240.9 1,600.0 674.7
4. India 17,600.0 3,623.4 2,900.0 3,172.0 1,100.0 851.8 97,600.0 17,439.4 1,800.0 2,341.5
5. South Korea 0.0 18,100.0 2,079.6 6,900.0 812.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6. Others 55,200.0 135,300.0 n.a. 3,400.0 0.0 381,100.0 n.a. 102,700.0 n.a.
Total Import 1,035,700.0 125,512.0 1,154,100.0 137,982.0 1,345,500.0 168,658.0 1,088,900.0 104,912.0 120,507.0 177.7 Total harvest Area (Ha)
Top 5 Province Productions Prod. (Ton) Area (Ha) Prod. (Ton) Area (Ha) Prod. (Ton) Area (Ha) Prod. (Ton) Area (Ha) Prod. (Ton) Area (Ha) 1. East Java 3,529,968 1,135,832 3,692,146 1,174,246 4,181,550 1,169,388 4,133,762 1,141,671 4,147,590 1144349 2. Centre Java 1,553,920 528,860 1,505,706 555,434 1,926,243 559,973 1,836,233 521,645 2,119,429 579030
3. Lampung 1,122,886 378,251 989,323 354,896 1,087,751 330,852 1,216,974 364,842 1,346,836 392362
4. North Sumatra 634,162 258,332 640,593 235,155 687,360 257,724 712,560 264,907 731,300 217207
5. South Sulawesi 515,405 198,709 661,005 198,157 650,832 210,782 674,716 214,885 715,330 219159
Production Centers
Export-Import
Additional informations
** Consumption households and non housholds is calculated based on average price during 2001-2004 Industrial and Statistics, 2005
In the last five years, corn production level and trend have been showing positive growth. Production average is about 10.5 million ton with growth of 20.4% in average. Rise in production is pumped by rise in domestic demand, especially from non-households (industry). If we look closer, we can see that the highest production growth took place in 2003 with 12.0%(10.9 million ton) while 2002 was recorded as the lowest producing year for the period of 200 2005 with 2.5% growth (9.6 million ton). The growth started to slow down to the level of 11.2 million ton, only 3% growth from the previous year. In 2005 there was a rise in production, although not significant (4.4% growth with production volume of 11.7 million ton).
Darrel Jobman, a trading education analyst said that proportion of corn for livestock (households) keeps declining from 80% in 1960 to 67% in 1970 and 60% in 1990. The figure is expected to hit as low as 51% in 2006. In other words, corn consumption has been dominated by non-households and utilized as intermediary input. The non-households proportion has been increasing until 2005. In 2001 non-household percentage of domestic consumption was 8 89.6% and 90.6% of the total domestic consumption respectively. It can be said simply that domestic consumption from households during
2001-2005 has been declining while on the other hand, non-household's has been increasing.
The most producing provinces are East Java, Central Java, Lampung, North Sumatra and South Sulawesi. Average of the total production is 8.2 million ton, equal to 77.7% of national total production. Both from the production and areal perspective, East Java is the biggest contributing province with 37.3% of total national figure(3.94 million ton in average). The 2nd and 3rd biggest contributing provinces are Central Java and Lampung, each 16.9% and 6.5% with average production of 1.8 million ton and 1.5 million ton respectively.
Corn trade balance shows that Indonesia has a quite big deficit with 11.3 million ton (127.2 million USD) per year in average during 2001-2004. Due to data insufficiency this analysis is not complete, especially analysis on export. However, from the import side, it can be said that import activity fluctuates. Highest import was recorded in 2003 with 1.3 million ton (168.6 million USD). This figure was calculated with flat price during 2001-2004. In 2004 import volume showed 23.6% decline compared to the previous year and this drop is predicted to continue until year 2005 where it hits lowest.
US has predicted that in the next 5 years, ethanol industry will absorp at least 20% of world total production or about 50 million ton. Therefore, they are trying to enhance its production by intensification program. It is possible that in the future corn may become Indonesia's top commodity. Of course, the growth of corn based ethanol industry has its downside too. The negative outcome that can be predicted is crisis in corn based livestock feed. If this is not prevented, meat supply may be disturbed and meat processing industry may face a hard time.
Energy is life itself. It is unbelievable if energy price soars so high that it is not affordable for the public. Lately, oil price inflates due to political instability. Of course this gives negative impact widely, but on the other hand, it also renders positive outcome, sprouting researches on alternative energy. Biodiesel is one of them and ethanol is another possibility although still in a small scale.
Production-Consumption
