Apakah
lndonesia
Akan
Menggunakan
Fasilitas
AGOA
(African
Growth
and Opportunity
Act)??
LaDoran: KBRI Windhoek
Aftban Gftwth and oppoftunity Act (AcoA) merupakan kebtakan Pemerintah Am€dka S6rikat di bawah pimpinan Presiden Oinlon yang dipeyungi oleh Title 1 ot
th€ Trade and DeveloptrlFlnt Acl ot 2000 tanggal 18 Mei 2000 dan mulai efektif dibedakukan sejak bulan Januari 20o'1.
AGOA memboriken k6lvenangan begi Presilen AS untuk membeikan pedakuan bebas pajak bedasaftan Ge?eratsed Sysbrt of PrafeEnces (GsP) hingge tanggel 30 September 200E untuk berbagai jenis produk yang dinilai US lrade Ropr.serlatr've (USIR) dan US lntenationel T6& fummission {US/IC) buken metupakan poduk gensitit bila diimpor da.i 39 nogaE Afrika yang dinihi borhak mempeaoleh fesililas tels€but.
PEda tEnggel 13 Juli20(X, P6merintah AS menandstangani 460A Accabration Acl ot2004 yang mengatur perpsnjangan masa penerapan AGOA hingga 30 soptomb€r 2015.
Seat ini, sokite. 6.400 jenis prcduk, torma3uk bqbegai prcduk yang seb€lumnya dinilai gebagsi barang sonsitif sepe.li apa|sl, alas keki, koper, tas tangan dan jam tanoan, juga t6lah dirryrlaken bebas paiak impor
Nsgere-n6gara Afiika p.nodme f.silitas AGOA edelah Angola, B€nin, Bolswana, Bufiin8 Faso, Burundi, camercon, cap€ vsde, Chad, Republic Kongo, RD Kongo, Djibouti, Elhiopia, Gsbon, Gambia, Ghana, Guin€4, Guin€a-Bis3au, Kenye, L€solho, Libgria, Madggascar, Mslewi, Mali, Mauritania, Maudtius, Mozambiqus, Namibia, Nige( Nigerh, Rw€nda, Seo Tome and Pdncipg, Sonogal, Seychelles, Siera L6one, Atrika Selst n, Swaziland, Tanzania, Ug€nda, Zambia.
T'E'de l.a,v Cenbe torsoutll€lm At b (TRALAC) rn€ncatat bahwa sepanjang pe.iode 2004 - 2007, produk Nemibia yaog diekspor ke AS di bawah payung AGOA adelah paoduk sektor kehutanan, lebtil dsn ape€l serla logam dan minoral. Produk pgnanbn den pet€makan seda prpduk kimh tuga dickspor, namun dglem jumlsh yang lglatif kecil.
prelerensral dengan Uni Eropa. justru membuka kesempatan bagi Namibia untuk mulai fiempertimbangkan AS sebagai negara tujuan ekspor alternatif
Bank ol Namibia iuga menilai bahwa Pemerintah Namibaa belum mampu memaksimalisasi penggunaan AGOA mengingat hanya perusahaan tekslil dan garmen Ramalex yang menggunakan tusilitas AGOA. Oleh karenanya, peluang untuk menjajaki pasar AS melalui Namibia m6ih terbuka lebar mengirEat lebih dari 6.,t00.ienis produk bqhak menperobh pe.lakuan bebas pajak.
Ramatex adalah perusahaan PMA asal Malaysia yang bergerak dalam bidang tekstit dan gamen dan menjalankan kegiatan op€rasionalnya di Otjomuise, deerah pinggiran ibukota \Mndhoek. Sdain di Namibia, Ramatex jw,a merniliki anak perusahaan di €umlah kota di benua Asia, Afrika Selatan dan Mauritus
Diterapkannya Atican Grwth and Oppottuniu Ad (AGOA) yang memberikan fasilitas bebas pajak dan bebas kuola untuk produk ekspor 6d ka{,as€n sub-Sahara Afika ol€h Pemeririah AS, Glah merdorong Ramalex unluk m€mp€rluas jaringan usahanya ke benua Afiika.
Pada tanggal 14 Juni 2001, proyek Ramarex socara resmi diluncurt€n, disusul dengan k€giatan pembarEunan pabrik iekstil terpadu yang terdiri atas empat pabrik garmen, dua pabrik p€ngrajutan, dua pat'dk pernintalan dan dua pabrik p*amaan ssnilei US$ l(x)iuta pada bulan AgustrB 2(x)1.
R€|natex t€lah nsnjalin hubungan dengan lebih dari 250 pembeli iniemasional, temasuk para p€negarE merek temama sepedi Nike, Puma, Aduas, Woohvorth. Sekitar 70% prcduk Ra''latex dipasakan ke wilayah Amerike Srrikat dongan mdnanfaatkan faslittg AGOA. Sedangkan sbanya diekspor ke karasan Uni Eropa. Bsrbagai kontoversi menyangkut masalah kd€nagakerjaan telah muncut bahkan s€jak sebdt'm Ramalgr memul€i kogiatan opeaasionalnya kaaena p€rusahaan ters€bd dinilai kurang mempsrhatiken m6dah k€5€iahteraan buruh. Sdn€ntara itu, berakhimya Murf, Fibrp Agtsgnt€/it (MFA) p8{la a*al tahun 2005 sdnskin menekan ke,nampuan be,saing prcduk Ramalex di pasar inbmasional.
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What is AGOA?
AGOA accords duty-free treatment to virtually all products expofteo oy beneficiary sub-Saharan (SSA) countries to the United States. AGOA provides beneficiary countries with the most liberal access to the United States market accorded to any country or region that has not negotiated a free trade agreement with the United States.
The AGOA bill which was enacted in 2000 originally expired on September 30, 2008 but as a result of the July 13, 2004 signing of the AGOA
Acceleration Act of 2004, AGOA has been extended until September 30, 2015.
AGOA benefits are currently extended to 37 SSA countries and to more than 1,800 tariff line items in addition to the 4,600 items already enjoying duty-free status under the U.S. Generalized System of preferences (GSp) program. AGOA has added to the list of duty-free products such major impoft-sensitive items as apparel, footwear, luggage, handbags and watches.
What are the main benefits available to exporters from AGOA beneficiary countries?
AGOA accords duty-free access for eligible products to the largest single market in the world. It also provides beneficiary countries with a significant competitive advantage over non-AGOA countries that must pay normal tariff rates to enter the United States. This is particularly true with respect to products that have high U.S. tariff rates in many instances, such as apparel, footwear and agricultural products.
The program also promotes export diversification in AGOA countries through its provision of duty-free and quoE-free benefits to virtually all products. AGOA also encourages expanded regional integration and
productlon sharing among beneficiary countries, and provides job creation and economic arowth within those countries.
In addition, AGOA provides significant opportunities for companies and business organizations to build relationships with their U.S. counteroarts. It
WDH-0023-BB (B).max
also provides security for both SSA exporters and potential U.S. investors by ensuring AGOA benefits until 2015.
Eligibility Requirements
The eligibility requirements set forth in AGOA were developed by the U.S. government in consultation with African countries, and constitute "best practice" policies that will help these countries to aBract trade and
investment. These criteria include either the establishment of, or continual progress toward establishing, a market-based economy; removal of
barriers to U.S. trade and investment; establishment of rule of law; efforts to combat corruption; protection of intellectual property rights and
internationally recognized worker rights and policies to reduce poverty.
In addition, countries cannot engage in activities that undermine U.S. national security or foreign policy interests; cannot engage in gross violations of internationally recognized human rights; cannot provide support for acts of international terrorism, and must have implemented their commitments to eliminate the worst forms of child labor.
Who makes the determinations regarding AGOA eligibility?
A U.S. government interagency panel chaired by the Office of the United States Trade Representative reviews the eligibility of African countries for AGOA benefits annually, based on the criteria set forth in the AGoA legislation. All U.S. government agencies involved in U.S. trade
policymaking take part in this process. The panel relies on information provided by U.S. embassies, 55A governments, U.S. government agencies and comments submitted to the U.S. government by interested parties. Interagency recommendations on eligibility are submitted to the President for fi nal determination.
Can a beneficiary country lose its AGOA benefits?
Yes. The U.S. govemment annually reviews progress in each eligible
country toward meeting the AGOA eligibility criteria set forth. The President must withdraw AGOA beneRts from a beneficiary country if on the basis of the interagency review it is determined that the country is not making continual progress toward meeting the eligibility criteria,
WDH-0023-BB (B).max
The President has cjted a variety of reasons for withdrawing AGoA benefits, as well as for denyjng AGOA benefits to countries that have not yet been designated beneficiary countries. These include absence of economic reform, rule of law, human rights, foreign policy and political circumstances.
Which products are eligible for AGOA benefits?
Nearly all products exported by SSA countries to the United States are eligible \ /ith very few exceptions, as long as they meet the AGOA rule of origin requirements and are exported directly from a beneficiary country to the United States. The President takes into account the advice received from the U.S. International Trade Commission on the imDort sensitiviw of products.
How do I determine if the products I want to expot to the United States are eligible for duty-free treatment?
There are three means by which products exported by SSA countries to the United States may be accorded duty-free treatment. The U.s. govemment has already eliminated the tariff on many imports in general as a result oF previously negotiated agre€ments. In addition, many developing country products enter the United States duty-free under the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences program (GSP). Under AGOA numerous additional products are receiving duty-free treatment from the United States. AGOA added approximately 1,800 tariff line items to the 4,600 items already entering the United States under GSP.
The first step you need to take to determine the U.S. tariff rate for a
product is to find out what the U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS) number is for that product. You can determine that by going to:
www.usitc.govltab/index.htm. An alphabetized index and listing of articles is located at the rear of the HTSUS. Once you determine the HTSUS
number, you will be able to find out the U,S, tariff rate.
what are the specific AGOA requirements concerning products exported by SSA countries to the United States?
WDH-0023-aB (B).mar
The products in question must have been deemed eligible for AGOA benefits by the U.S. government. They must also have been grown, produced or manufactured by a beneficiary country through more than a simple combining or packaging operation, and must be exported directly to the United States. The products must also meet the specific rule of origin requirements, and must be accompanied by import documentation that claims AGOA benefits on the relevant shipping documents,
There are also additional requirements for specific types of products. In the case of apparel products, beneficiary countries must adopt a
U.S.-government approved visa system and domestic laws and enforcement measures to prevent illegal transshipment of the apparel and use of
counterfeit documents. In the cas€ of agricultural products, they must comply with regulauons established by the U.S. Agriculture Department to protect the health of the American public. In addition, beneficiary countries exporting agricultural products to the United States will have to provide the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with advance notice of each shipment entering the United States to p€rmit the agency to target inspections more effectively and help ensure the safety of those products.
What arc the AGOA rule of origin criteria for products exported by SSA countries to the United States?
with respect to non-apparel products, the product must be the growth, product or manufacture of a beneficiary country, and an AGOA country must provide at least 35 percent value added in the course of the
production process. Up to 15 percent of that 35 percent may be derived from U.S. parts or materials used to produce the product.
The rules of origin regarding apparel products vary with the product. As noted above, beneficiary countries must establish effective visa systems and instltute required enforcement and verification procedures before any of their apparel exports to the United States can receive AGOA benefits.
Specifically, AGOA extends duty-free and quota-free treatment to SSA apparel made from U.S. yarn and fabric and knit-to-shape sweaters made in the region from cashmere and some merino wools. AGOA also accords such benefits to SSA apparel made from yarns and fabrics not produced in commercial quantities in the United States, and to SSA products that are
wDH-0023-BB (A).max
either hand loomed fabric, handmade goods of hand loomed fabric or folkloric items (as determined through consultations between the United States and the exporting SSA country).
AGOA benefits are also extended to SSA apparel made from regional fabric and yarn. However, such products are subject to an annual cap by the United States. With the extension implemented by the AGOA Acceleration Act of 2004, the ceiling qoes up every year to a cap of 7 percent of the U.S. apparel market by 2015. AGOA also provides a special provision in the cap that allows beneficiary countries with an annual Gross National Product of under $1,500, referred to as "lesser developed beneficiary countries" to use fabric inputs from any country until 2012.
what constitutes an "effective visa system" with respect to SsA apparel exports to the United States?
An effective visa system is a government-private sector process that demonstrates that the items for which AGOA benefits are claimed were actually produced in a beneficiary country or countries in accordance with the required rules of origin. The U.S. government has advised SSA
countries on what the visa system should entail. This includes that each shipment be covered by an original visa stamped on an original invoice' The visa needs to contain certain information such as the date of the visa, the quantity of goods that are shiPped and a country code.
In addition to extending AGOA and the third country fabric benefits, what are the some of the additional provisions of the AGOA Acceleration Act of 2004?
. Expands definition of "folklore" products to include ethnic printed fabrks that are made on machines to qualify for duty'free
treatrnent.
. Allows the use of third country collars and cuffs, drawstrings, shoulder pads or other padding, waistbands, belb atbched to the article, straps containing elastic, or elbow patches to articles that meet the requirements for preferential treatment.
. Extends duv free benefits retroactivelv from October 1, 2000 to
knit-to-shape apparel in AGOA eligible countries that was previously disqualified. Importers must file their requests for refunds with the
WoH-0023-BB (B).max
U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection at the port ot entry within 90 days from the enactment of the legislation (luly 13, 2004). Retroactive AGOA visas and certificates of origin must be filed with the request.
. Directs the President to develop policies to support infrastructure development in ecotourism, roads, railways, ports, energy,
telecommunications and agriculture processing. In addition, the President must submit a report to Congress, no later than one year from the enactment of this Act, that highlights the sectors of each eligible sub-Saharan African country's economy that show tie
greatest potential for growth, identifies any barriers that exist, and makes recommendations on how the United States can provide technical assistance to remove these barriers and increase opportunitles for U.S. investors, businesses, and farmers. where can I 90 to get additional questions answered about AGOA?
The Trade Hub is lmolemented an AGOA Online Trade Forum in September 2004 that is monitored on a regular basis by the AGOA Advisor. This forum can be accessed online and instructions will be published on our website, www.satradehub.org. You can also contact the AGOA Trade and Business Manager. Brett Johnson, at phone: + 267 390-0884 or fax: +267 390-1027 or email: bjohnson@satradhub.org or bjohnson@carana.com.
WDH-0023-BB (B).max
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