A. Data Finding - An Error Analysis Of Narrative Text Made By The Ninth Year Students Of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya - Digital Library IAIN Palangka Raya

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45 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the result of study. It consisted of the data finding and discussion. In data finding the research display the data which was found in the field and in discussion the researcher explained the type of error on narrative text and the cause of errors based on Heidi dulay’s theory.

A.Data Finding

Data collecting activity was conducted on 26th September, 2013. The sample was 25 students. The students were given a writing test. The data collected from the students were in form of essay. The researchers used inter rater in analyzing the writing products. There are total two examiners.

1. Types of Errors in Narrative Text Made by The Ninth Year Students of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya

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Table 4.1

Identification and Classification of Errors Students’

code

Students’ errors

Revise Identify errors Explanation of errors Number of error Percentage of errors A1 Peas

scatter on the ground

Peas scattere d on the

ground

Omission Simple past tense incorrect Omission of –ed

1

A2 There were many kind dinosaurs There were many kind of dinosau rs

Omission Omission of

preposition

1

A3 he jumped out door

he jumped

out the door.

Omission Omission of the article

1

A4 By misty spring

By the misty spring

1

The cloud aren’t even what I think The clouds aren’t even what I think

Omission Failure to attach –s

1

A5 Rabbits lived in burrows the ground

Rabbits lived in burrow s in the

ground

preposition

1

A6 You have no soldier

You have no soldiers

1

A7 Sumatran tiger was smallest tiger The Sumatr an tiger was the smalles t tiger

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A9 We doesn’t want to play with you We don’t want to play with you

Omission Disagreeme nt of subject and tense

1

A10 There were no spike on my body There were no spikes on my body

1

A11 by the misty spring.

by the misty springs

1

A12 Even smallest eagles. Even the smalles t eagles,

1

A13 They have no backbone They have no backbo nes

1

A14 He force himself into thinking He forced himself into thinkin g

Omission Omission of –ed

1

A16 Peas scatter on the

ground.

Peas scattere d on the ground.

Omission Omission of –ed

1

A17 But no brain

But no brains

1

A18 A reptile’s skin look slimy.

a reptile’ s skin

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looks slimy, A19 Wolf

smacked his lips

The wolf smacke d his lips

1

A22 Golden eagles can be found in USA

Golden eagles can be found in the USA

1

A23 Dinosaurs were a type lizard

Dinosa urs were a type of lizard

preposition

1

A25 I’m bravest knight in your kingdom

I’m the bravest knight in your kingdo m

1

Total of Errors

20 51.28%

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Students’ code

Students’ errors

Revise Identify errors Explanation of errors Number of error Percentage of errors A2 Dinosaurs

becomed extinct Dinosa urs became extinct Addition (regulari zation) Simple past tense incorrect Adding –ed to past already formed

1

23.07% A4 Tiger

shaked his head

Tiger shook his head

Addition Simple past tense incorrect Adding –ed to past already formed

1

A6 But taked out a leader

But took out a leader

1

A10 Landy feeled lonely

Landy felt lonely

1

A15 They were finded in every part They were found in every part

1

A19 A wolf seed a goat grazing A wolf saw a goat grazing

Addition Simple past tense incorrect Adding –ed to past already

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formed A21 Kodi seed

the crown behind the curtain Kodi saw the crown behind the curtain

1

A24 He seed a frog

He saw a frog

1

A25 A terrible dragon comed to the kingdom A terrible dragon came to the kingdo m

1

A5 Rabbits lived in burrows the ground

Rabbits lived in burrow s in the

ground

Addition (simple addition)

Preposition 1 2.56%

Total of Errors

10 25.64%

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Students’ code

Students’ errors

Revise Identify errors Explanation of errors Number of error Percentage of errors A2 There

were no tress in earth There were no tress on earth Misform ation Misuse of preposition 1

A4 Far off on the jungle Far off in the jungle Misform ation Misuse of preposition 1

A6 Gregor and him soldiers run away Gregor and his soldiers run away Misform ation Use of wrong possessive 1

A8 Some

jellyfish can glow on darkness Some jellyfis h can glow in darknes s Misform ation Use of wrong possessive 1

A9 No one

wanted to play with his No one wanted to play with him Misform ation Use of wrong possessive 1

A20 Kuku nodded him head Kuku nodded his head Misform ation Use of wrong possessive 1

A24 The scorpion remove him stinger The scorpio n remove his stinger Misform ation Use of wrong possessive 1

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his basket

possessive

A16 Sat sadly

in a

branch

Sat sadly on a branch

Misform ation

Misuse of preposition

1

Total of Errors

9 23.07%

Based on the analysis result, the alternating forms misformation error occurred by 9 errors or 23.07% of total error. This result indicates that the students failed to use the correct word that totally different from the true one. The using of him in the sentence will make it ungrammatical in the deep structure.

Based on the table above the type of error frequency high to low are omission by 51.28%, addition by 25.63%, misformation by 23.07 and misordering by 0%. See the appendices for the detail of the analysis.

Figure 4.1

Types of Errors Made by the Students

51.28

25.63 23.07

0

Omission

Addition

Misformation

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Based on the analysis result, the trend errors occurred by omission 51.28% of total errors. From the students’ writing products, the researcher found some of them omit several words in the sentences. The students wrote it by omitted such as articles, to be, and preposition. It is because they did not know the rules how to write the word in English. See the figure 4.2 for trend of errors made by the students was omission.

Figure 4.2

Trend of Errors Made by the Student

2. Cause of Errors in Narrative Text Made by The Ninth Year Students of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya

The students’ errors is classified into four categorizes based on the error

cause. Those are developmental, interlingual, ambiguous, and other errors.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

trend of error

51.28

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Table 4.2 Explanation of Errors Students’

Code Errors Cause of Errors

A1 Peas scatter on the ground Developmental Error

A3 He jumped out door _{Developmental Error}

A4 By misty springs _{Developmental Error}

A6 Gregor and him soldiers run away

Developmental Error

A7 Sumatran tiger was smallest

tiger Developmental Error

A9

We doesn’t want to play with you

Developmental Error

No one wanted to play with his

A12 Even smallest eagles _{Developmental Error}

A14 He force himself into thinking

A16

Sat sadly in a branch Developmental Error A19 Wolf smacked his lips _{Developmental Error}

A20

Kuku nodded him head Developmental Error A24 The scorpion remove him

stinger

Developmental Error

A25

He opened him basket Developmental Error A25 I’m bravest knight in your

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Based on the analysis result, developmental error occurred by 38.46% of total error. This result indicated that some students are still learning the language and still in a phase where they learn English language like native speaker’s child learn the language. This cause of

errors was experienced by A25, A4, A3, A19, A12, A7, A9, A25, A20, A9, A6, A24, A1, A14 and A16 were the students who experienced this error.

Students’ Code

Errors Cause of Errors

A1 Peas scatter on the ground Interlingual Error

A2 Dinosaurs becomed extinct Interlingual Error

A4 Tiger shaked his head Interlingual Error

A6 But taked out a leader Interlingual Error

A10 Landy feeled lonely Interlingual Error

A14 He force himself into thinking

Interlingual Error

A15 They were finded in every part

Interlingual Error

A16 Peas scatter on the ground Interlingual Error

A19 A wolf seed a goat grazing Interlingual Error

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A25 A terrible dragon comed to the kingdom

Interlingual Error

Based on the analysis result, interlingual error caused students’

errors by 28.20% of total error. It indicates some of the students are using their mother tongue language pattern in English writing. This cause of errors was experienced by A1, A24, A19, A2, A15, A6, A10, A25, A14, and A16 were the students who experienced this error.

Students’

Code Errors Cause of Errors

A2 There were no tress in earth _{Other Error}

A2 There were many kind dinosaurs

Other Error

A4 Far off on the jungle _{Other Error}

A5 Rabbits lived in burrows the

ground Other Error

A6 You have no soldier _{Other Error}

A7 The cloud aren’t even what I think

Other Error

A11 By the misty spring _{Other Error}

A13 They have no backbone _{Other Error}

A16 Peas scattered in the ground _{Other Error}

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A18 A reptile’s skin look slimy. _{Other Error}

A22 Golden eagles can be found

in USA Other Error

A23 Dinosaurs were a type lizard _{Other Error}

Based on the analysis result, other errors caused students error by 33.33% of total error. It indicates that most of the students are making errors due to their misconception of English language. These errors can be solved by learning more about English rules in writing. This cause of errors was experienced by A18, A11, A23, A2, A7, A6, A5, A22, A16, A4, A2, A17 and A13 students. Other errors are the opposite of ambiguous errors. Those errors classified neither developmental nor interlingual.

Table 4.5

Calculation of cause of errors

Cause of Errors Number of Errors Percentage

Developmental errors 15 38.46%

Interlingual Errors 11 28.20%

Ambiguous Errors 0 0.00%

Other Errors 13 33.33%

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See the appendices for the detail of the analysis. Figure 4.3

Causes of Errors Made by the Students

Based on the table, developmental error occurred by 38.46% of total errors. The errors categorized as errors caused by developmental errors because the pattern of errors similar to the way of native speaker children learn their mother tongue language. Interlingual errors occurred by 28.20% of total error. This error categorized as errors caused by interlingual errors because the pattern of the sentences are similar to the pattern of the students’ mother tongue language. Other

errors occurred by 33.33% of total errors. The errors categorized as other errors because those errors couldn’t categorize neither developmental nor interlingual error.

38.46%

28.20% 0.00%

33.33%

developmental errors

interlingual errors

ambiguous errors

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Based on the analysis result, the trend cause of errors occurred by the students was developmental error. The errors categorized as errors caused by developmental errors because the pattern of errors similar to the way of native speaker children learn their mother tongue language. See the figure 4.4 for trend cause of errors Made by the students was developmental error.

Figure 4.4

Trend Causes of Errors Made by the Students

a. Discussion

1. Types of Errors in Narrative Text Made by The Ninth Year Students of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya

Based on the description in the data presentation, there are several things that can be noted down. Most of the students still make errors in writing narrative paragraph. In this case, in analyzing the type of error made by the ninth year of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya, the writer

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

trend cause of errors

38.46

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reffered to the theory recommended by Dulay that the error type based on surface strategy taxonomy. According to Dulay, a surface strategy taxonomy highlight the ways surface structured is alerted: learners may

omit necessary items or add unnecessary ones; they may misform items or

misorder them. There are four kinds of error 1) omission (content

mmorpheme, grammatical morpheme), 2) addition (double marking, simple

addition, regularization) 3) misformation (archi-forms, alternating forms,

regularization). 4) misordering.

In this study, the writer only found three kinds of error. There are omission, addition and misformation. According to the result of the

students’ product, the type of error frequency high to low are omission by

51.28%, addition by 25.63%, misformation by 23.07 and misordering by 0%.

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2. Cause of Errors in Making Narrative Text Made by The Ninth Year Students of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya

In this case, in analyzing the cause of error made by the ninth year of MTs Darul Amin Palangka Raya, the writer reffered to the theory recommended by Dulay that the error type based on comparative taxonomy. According to Dulay, the classification of errors in a comparative taxonomy is based on comparisons between the structure of L2

errors and certain other types of constructions. This taxonomy classified

the learners’ error into developmental errors, interlingual errors,

ambiguous errors, and other errors.

In this study, the writer only found three kinds of error. There is developmental, interlingual and other error. According to the result of the students’ product, developmental error occurred by 38.46% of total errors.

The errors categorized as errors caused by developmental errors because the pattern of errors similar to the way of native speaker children learn their mother tongue language. Interlingual errors occurred by 28.20% of total error. This error categorized as errors caused by interlingual errors because the pattern of the sentences are similar to the pattern of the students’ mother tongue language. Other errors occurred by 33.33% of total errors. The errors categorized as other errors because those errors couldn’t

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