79
INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA
Nota Keterangan
1. Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) mengukur
perubahan
peratus
kos
pembelian
mengikut
masa
bagi
bakul
tetap
barangan
dan
perkhidmatan
yang
mewakili corak purata pembelian oleh
sekumpulan
penduduk
pada
sesuatu
tempoh masa yang ditetapkan. IHP dikira
berdasarkan standard dan prosedur yang
diterima pakai di peringkat antarabangsa;
menggunakan formula Laspeyres.
2. IHP Malaysia mula
diterbitkan pada
Februari 1987 dengan menggunakan
tahun asas 1980 = 100.
3. Sebelum tahun 2006, item dalam bakul
barangan
dan
perkhidmatan
IHP
dikelaskan
berpandukan
kepada
Classification of Household Goods and
Services
(CHGS)
dengan
sembilan
kumpulan utama seperti berikut:
Makanan
Minuman dan Tembakau
Pakaian dan Kasut
Sewa Kasar, Bahan Api & Kuasa
Perabot,
Hiasan
Dalaman
&
Peralatan dan Pengendalian Rumah
Perbelanjaan
Rawatan
Perubatan
dan Kesihatan
Pengangkutan dan Perhubungan
Perkhidmatan
Rekreasi,
Hiburan,
Pelajaran dan Kebudayaan
Pelbagai Barang dan Perkhidmatan
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
Explanatory Notes
1. The
Consumer
Price
Index
(CPI)
measures
the
percentage
change
through time in the cost of purchasing a
constant basket of goods and services
representing
the
average
pattern
of
purchases
made
by
a
particular
population group in a specified time
period. CPI is calculated based on the
international standard and procedures;
known as the Laspeyres formula.
2. The CPI for Malaysia was first released in
the
February
1987
publication
with
1980 = 100 as the base year.
3. Prior to 2006, the items in this basket of
goods
and
services
were
classified
according to Classification of Household
Goods & Services (CHGS) with nine
main groups as follows:
Food
Beverages and Tobacco
Clothing and Footwear
Gross Rent, Fuel & Power
Furniture, Furnishing & Household
Equipment and Operation
Medical Care and Health Expenses
Transport and Communication
Recreation, Entertainment, Education
and Cultural Services
4. Bermula
pada
Januari
2006,
item
d i k e l a s k a n
b e r p a n d u
k e p a d a
Classification of Individual Consumption
According
to
Purpose
(COICOP)
dengan dua belas kumpulan utama
seperti berikut:
Makanan
dan
Minuman
Bukan
Beralkohol
Minuman Beralkohol dan Tembakau
Pakaian dan Kasut
Perumahan, Air, Elektrik, Gas dan
Bahan Api Lain
Perkhidmatan
Rekreasi
dan
Kebudayaan
Pendidikan
Restoran dan Hotel
Pelbagai Barang dan Perkhidmatan
4. Commencing from January 2006, the
items
are
classified
based
on
Classification of Individual Consumption
According to Purpose (COICOP), by
twelve main groups as follows:
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco
Clothing and Footwear
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and
Other Fuels
Furnishing, Household Equipment and
Routine Household Maintenance
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation Services and Culture
Education
Restaurants and Hotels
JADUAL 4.1 : INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA (2000 = 100) MENGIKUT KUMPULAN UTAMA, 1980 – 2005, MALAYSIA
Table 4.1 : Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100) by Main Groups, 1980 – 2005, Malaysia
Kumpulan/Group
Tahun Jumlah Makanan Minuman Pakaian Sewa Perabot, Perbe- Pengang- Perkhid- Pelbagai
Year Total Food & & kasar, hiasan lanjaan kutan & matan barang tembakau kasut bahan dalaman rawatan perhubun- rekreasi, &
Beverages Clothing api dan & per- perubatan gan hiburan,
perkhid-& & kuasa alatan & & Transport pelajaran matan
tobacco footwear Gross pengen- kesihatan & commu- & ke- Miscella-rent,fuel dalian Medical nications budayaan neous and rumah care & Recreation, goods & power Furniture, health entertain- services
furnishings expenses ment, edu-& house- cation & hold equip- cultural 1980 51.2 45.4 32.7 74.7 55.0 66.5 47.3 51.5 75.3 55.4
1981 56.2 50.6 37.1 80.9 60.4 70.6 51.4 55.7 79.3 60.4
1982 59.4 54.5 39.5 84.2 64.3 72.7 54.2 57.7 81.3 61.9
1983 61.6 54.9 47.8 87.3 68.7 74.6 60.7 59.3 80.9 65.6
1984 63.8 56.8 49.4 89.1 73.4 75.3 61.5 62.0 79.1 66.4
1985 64.1 55.4 49.9 90.1 76.3 75.4 63.1 63.4 78.2 66.4
1986 64.4 55.6 50.7 90.5 77.0 75.8 64.0 63.5 78.5 67.2
1987 64.9 55.3 54.3 91.0 76.5 76.8 64.5 65.3 80.3 68.1
1988 66.6 57.3 55.1 92.8 75.0 79.0 65.5 69.7 81.5 69.4
1989 68.5 59.5 55.9 94.4 74.4 81.1 66.5 74.4 82.0 71.2
1990 70.6 62.0 57.8 96.0 74.6 82.7 68.3 78.2 82.7 73.3
1991 73.6 65.0 62.3 102.0 76.9 86.4 71.9 81.5 84.9 75.9
1992 77.1 69.2 67.6 105.0 79.7 88.7 74.5 85.1 87.4 77.6
1993 79.9 70.8 77.7 105.5 82.5 89.9 78.2 89.8 87.8 79.7
1994 83.0 75.0 81.7 104.6 84.5 91.4 81.4 93.8 88.6 81.8
1995 85.9 78.6 83.7 104.5 87.3 93.9 83.9 95.6 90.9 85.5
1996 88.9 83.2 85.5 103.8 90.1 95.0 87.0 96.9 93.9 87.4
1997 91.1 86.4 86.5 103.3 93.0 95.1 89.9 97.5 94.2 91.3
1998 95.8 93.8 90.1 103.9 97.0 98.7 95.1 97.5 97.0 97.6
1999 98.5 98.1 97.2 101.8 98.6 100.0 98.0 98.0 99.5 99.1
2000 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2001 101.4 100.7 104.8 97.4 101.4 100.1 102.9 103.6 99.9 100.7
2002 103.2 101.4 109.2 95.2 102.1 99.7 105.4 110.4 100.1 101.8
2003 104.4 102.7 111.0 93.3 103.0 99.1 107.2 112.2 100.7 103.1
2004 105.9 105.0 119.7 91.6 104.0 99.5 108.7 113.1 100.6 105.0
2005 109.1 108.8 132.3 90.7 105.2 101.5 110.4 118.1 101.1 107.5
JADUAL 4.2 : INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA (2005 = 100) MENGIKUT KUMPULAN UTAMA, 2003 – 2010, MALAYSIA
Table 4.2 : Consumer Price Index (2005 = 100) by Main Groups, 2003 – 2010, Malaysia
Kumpulan/Group
Tahun Jumlah Makan- Minum- Pakai- Perumah- Hiasan, Kesihat- Pengang- Komuni- Perkhid- Pendidi- Resto- Pelbagai
Year Total an dan an an & an, Air, Perkakas- an kutan kasi matan kan ran dan barang Minum- Alkohol kasut Elektrik, an dan Health Transport Commu- rekreasi, Education Hotel & an & temba-Clothing Gas dan penyeleng- nication dan ke- Restau- perkhid-Bukan kau & Bahan garaan budayaan rant and matan Alkohol Alcoholic foot- Api Lain Isi rumah Recrea- Hotel Miscella-Food & Bevera- wear Housing Furnishings, tion, neous Non ges Water, Household services goods & Alkohol & tobacco Electricity, Equipment & culture services Bevera- Gas and and routine
ges other fuels Household mainte-nance
Wajaran
Weights
(2005=100) 100.0 31.4 1.9 3.1 21.4 4.3 1.4 15.9 5.1 4.6 1.9 3.0 6.0 2003 95.7 94.4 79.0 102.9 97.9 98.3 97.0 93.4 99.3 100.8 96.9 95.0 97.4
2004 97.1 96.4 87.8 101.0 98.8 98.7 98.3 94.1 100.0 99.9 98.2 96.6 98.7
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2006 103.6 103.4 106.9 98.7 101.5 101.1 102.1 111.0 98.6 100.7 101.6 103.7 102.2
2007 105.7 106.5 115.2 97.3 102.8 102.2 103.7 113.6 97.4 102.1 103.4 107.5 103.2
2008 111.4 115.9 123.6 96.8 104.4 105.3 106.0 123.6 96.8 103.9 105.8 114.6 106.6
2009 112.1 120.7 131.1 95.9 105.9 108.4 108.4 112.0 96.3 105.5 108.3 117.9 110.6
JADUAL 4.3 : INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA (2010 = 100) MENGIKUT KUMPULAN UTAMA, 2005 – 2012, MALAYSIA
Table 4.3 : Consumer Price Index (2010 = 100) by Main Groups, 2005 – 2012, Malaysia
Kumpulan/Group
Tahun Jumlah Makan- Minum- Pakai- Perumah- Hiasan, Kesihat- Pengang- Komuni- Perkhid- Pendidi- Resto- Pelbagai
Year Total an dan an an & an, Air, Perkakas- an kutan kasi matan kan ran dan barang Minum- Alkohol kasut Elektrik, an dan Health Transport Commu- rekreasi, Education Hotel & an & temba-Clothing Gas dan penyeleng- nication dan ke- Restau- perkhid-Bukan kau & Bahan garaan budayaan rant and matan Alkohol Alcoholic foot- Api Lain Isi rumah Recrea- Hotel Miscella-Food & Bevera- wear Housing Furnishings, tion, neous Non ges Water, Household services goods & Alkohol & tobacco Electricity, Equipment & culture services Bevera- Gas and and routine
ges other fuels Household mainte-nance
Wajaran
Weights
(2010=100) 100.0 30.3 2.2 3.4 22.6 4.1 1.3 14.9 5.7 4.6 1.4 3.2 6.3 2005 87.7 80.9 73.4 105.7 93.4 91.6 90.8 87.9 104.1 93.3 90.8 83.2 88.0
2006 90.9 83.6 78.5 104.3 94.8 92.6 92.8 97.5 102.6 93.9 92.3 86.3 90.0
2007 92.7 86.2 84.5 102.9 96.0 93.6 94.2 99.8 101.3 95.2 93.9 89.5 90.8
2008 97.7 93.8 90.7 102.3 97.5 96.4 96.3 108.6 100.7 97.0 96.1 95.3 93.8
2009 98.3 97.6 96.2 101.3 98.9 99.3 98.4 98.4 100.2 98.4 98.4 98.1 97.3
2010 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2011 103.2 104.8 104.6 99.8 101.8 101.8 102.7 104.4 99.7 102.0 102.2 105.9 102.4
2012 104.9 107.6 105.0 99.2 103.4 103.8 104.8 105.1 99.1 103.2 104.7 109.0 104.4
