JHECDs, 2 (2), 2016, hal. 39-41
39
Penelitian
Implementasi kebijakan pengandangan unggas untuk mencegah
avian influenza di masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor
The implementation of policy of poultry caging for prevent avian
influenza in the society of Bogor sub Province
Risqa Novita
Centre for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health, National Institute of Health Research Development, Jakarta Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta Pusat 10560, Indonesia
*Korespondensi: rn_smile01@yahoo.com DOI : 10.22435/jhecds.v2i2.5617.39-41
Tanggal masuk 10 Oktober 2016, Revisi pertama 16 Nopember 2016, Revisi terakhir 16 Nopember 2016, Diterima 25 Nopember 2016, Terbit daring 23 Maret 2017
Abstract. The publication of the Regulation of Bogor Regent no 16 year 2007 point on poultry caging in backyard was made as an attempt to limit human contact for prevention against Avian Influenza. The aim of this study was to know the implementation of the regulation among the society of Bogor. The research method was qualitative methods to construct a concept map. Result of research indicated that the society not yet penned their poultry indeed, the community. In conclusion, regulation of Bogor District no 16 year 2007 have not been implemented by the society. The society have to improve their health behaviors to prevent Avian Influenza.
Keywords :Implementation, Poultry caging, Regulation of Bogor Regent No 16 Year 2007
Abstrak. Untuk mencegah Avian Influenza, dibuat Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 Tahun 2007, dimana salah satu poin mengenai pengandangan unggas peliharaan masyarakat untuk membatasi kontak antara unggas dengan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi peraturan pengandangan unggas di dalam pemukiman masyarakat. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif yang menghasilkan peta konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengandangkan unggas peliharaannya. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 Tahun 2007 belum diimplementasikan di tingkat masyarakat. Untuk mencegah Avian Influenza membutuhkan perbaikan perilaku sehat masyarakat.
Kata kunci : Implementasi, Pengandangan Unggas, Peraturan Bupati Bogor No 16 tahun 2007
DOI : 10.22435/jhecds.v2i2.5617.39-41
38
Introduction
Avian Influenza (AI) cases in Indonesia up to July 2012 counted 190 confirm by 158 patient died. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 85%, while other
state of mean only reaching 59%.1 West Java
Province has high risk of AI, including Sub-Province Bogor. That’s why sub province of Bogor had The Regulation of District Bogor number 16 year 2007 about Intensification Handling and Operation of Virus Flu Bird / Avian Influenza (AI) in Bogor sub-province point poultry caging on the
community.1-5
Good policy has positive correlation with its implementation. The object of the policy should
implement the policy as well.Implementation of
government regulation is a critical step in the process of public policy. It is one of variables that essential to resolve various problems on the society.6
Our purpose was to know the implementation of Regulation of District Bogor number 16 year 2007 about Intensification Handling and Operation of Virus Flu Bird / Avian Influenza (AI) in Bogor sub-province in the community point poultry caging. Target of the policy are the community which have poultry in their backyard (sector IV). The poultry usually kampong chicken.
Methods
The research conducted on Mei – Juni 2012. The
research used qualitative method to identified how implementation policy of poultry caging in settlement to prevent AI case in Bogor sub-province at target group (society). We used purposive sampling. There were 10 persons as our respondents from Ciomas and Cibinong district represent the community of Bogor. We selected two districts based on highest poultry population on those districts. The subjects were according with inclusion criterias and had signed the informed consent. Inclusion criterias are having poultry in their backyard, aged minimum18 years, and have education minimum senior high school. We did indepth interviews with them to explore their knowledge, attitude and perception about the regulation. We recorded all the interviews with voice recorder and also we wrote the important statements. We analysed the data from the interview by transcription, coding and category process. The final result from our qualitative research was the hypothesis about the implementation of the regulation of poultry caging in Bogor.
Results
We did research on Bogor Sub Province. Bogor has 40 districts. We choose only two distrtict for our research location.
Figure 1. West Java Map. Location with red point are endemic area for AI, including Bogor
All of the respondents did not know the existence of policy of poultry caging in sociality (IV sector). They just heard about the policy. Here is the statement from the respondents :
“… I knew about the policy, but in Depok and
Jakarta. The policy was about poultry caging on the home. All of the owner have to caged their poultry. No free bird or kampong chicken anymore. But in here, Bogor, I never hear about the policy even just door to door animal health promotion from the bieurocrats.” (Respondents 3)
Most respondents less agree with the policy because they don’t have enough space to keep their poultry. So, sometimes their poultry lay on the tree at the night.
“… The chickens will be happier at the free area than
their cage. Sometimes my chickens don’t want to eat
while at their cage, but they eat everything when I open
their cage…They also happy too and run everywhere with their friends.” (Respondents 5)
39 poultry, but in the reality, they only caged their chickens at the night, and at the morning they open the cage. The chickens are always released in the morning, and in the evening they go home by theirself.
Result of the in depth interview processed to transcription, coding, category process, and at final result is the concept of a map used to develop quesioner.
Here is the table about the content of our interview.
Table 1. The content of our interview
The Questions The Answers
Yes No Not sure Do You know about Regulation of Regent Bogor number 16
year 2007 point poultry caging? 95 5
Do you have the cage for your kampong chicken? 80 20
Do your kampong chicken live in their cage on 24 hour 95 5
Do you know about caging? 100
Do You know about AI? 100
Do you afraid with AI? 1 99
Do the civil servants introduce you about poultry caging? 97 3
Finally, we built the concept of map about the implementation of the policy. We found there are 7 factors influence idealism of policy; budget, effective communication, deliberation, society aspiration, knowledge, attitude, and practice
Knowledge and attitude also influenced
suistanable of the policy.
Communication influenced knowledge. Good communication will increase the knowledge. Knowledge also influenced the suistanable of policy.
The concept of map below shows us that there are three factor which very have an effect on taking policy.They are knowledge, society practise and attitude. Knowledge, good practise and attitude will cause the policy can reach its target, poultry caging. By the result of research qualitative in society, we produced a hypothesis which could be test quantitatively. The hypothesis is, there was relation among knowledge, society practise and attitude concerning policy of poultry caging for prevent AI infection in community of Sub-Province Bogor.
Policy idealism
Budget
effective communications
Deliberation.
Society aspiration.
Knowledge
Attitudes
Practice
Policy suistanable
Target of policy Communication
Apathetic Negative attitude
Peaceful zona Economic
factor
Culture
40
Discussion
The efficacy of implementation policy of poultry caging in IV sector needs sufficient time. Proven since year 2007 at released by Regulation of Regent concerning poultry caging in IV sector till in this time (year 2012), the amount of
respondents do not pen their poultry.6-9
According to the research which conducted by Pei Chun Kuo, et al., livestock sector has most effect on AI infection. Result of their active surveilans are quill aviculture hast the highest risk of AI about 1,6%. Industrial livestock (sector I-III) equal to 0,2% risk of AI and IV sector generate lowest risk equal to 0,05%. The mentioned as according to Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) that AI antibody titer of poultry in sector I-III is higher than sector IV.9-13
Risk factors of AI in sector IV are wild bird and poultry irrigate like parroting, goose and duck. So, we prevent AI infection in IV sector by demarcation of kampong chicken and wild bird. Poultry pursuant to perception of researcher, Bogor sub-province society looking after kampong chicken do not have risk factor for AI so that AI
case can be depressed.14
To prevent AI case in IV sector, The society have to be socialized to hit AI case especially in April. By alert society and listen carefully facing it by caging poultry, including poultry irrigate in April, environmental keep cleaning with spraying of desinfection and listen carefully if there is ill chicken and immediately locked out of by otorinary veterinary and mentioned health chicken conducted to prevent contact between poultry with AI virus residing in environment. Rest, if officer on duty Livestock and Fishery decide that environmental situation have is
peaceful, poultry can be released again.15-17
Conclusion and Suggestions
Regulation of Bogor District no 16 year 2007 have not been implemented by the society. To prevent Avian Influenza needs to be improved health behaviors in the society also have to make a regulation on poultry industrial sector for comprehensively resolve the Avian Influenza cases.
Aknowledgements
We are grateful to Ministry of National Development Planning of Republic Indonesia for the research grant. Professor Ridad Agoes and Mr. Hadyana from Faculty of Medicine University Padjadjaran for a critical reading of the Manuscript
and the constructive comments on data presentation are also gratefully acknowledged.
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