Exercise
English for TI
Technology Mind Reading As Controller
(Brain Computer Interaction)
From Group 12 :
1. Septiawati Maswanti (M3114133) 2. Taqdir Cipta Wardana (M3114137) 3. Tulus Wahyuno (M3114140) 4. Wisnu Pamungkas (M3114148)
Program Study DIII Informatics Engineering
Faculty of Mathematic and Science
Statement of Effort
No NIM Name Effort (%) Signature
1
M3114133 Septiawati Maswanti 90
2 M3114137 Taqdir Cipta Wardana 90
3 M3114140 Tulus Wahyuno 90
4 M3114148 Wisnu Pamungkas 90
The writer thanks to Allah SWT that still give enjoyment to writer until the writer can arranging this report with title “Technology Mind Reading As Controller (Brain Computer Interaction)” as substitusion of exam KD 4 first semester.
This report arranging from the topic that already given before, that the topic is technology in the future. In the arranging of the report the writer not release from helped by other part. So the writer say thank so much for,
1. Eko Harry Pratisto, S.T., M.Info.Tech as lecturer of English in DIII TI
2. All friend of D3 TI C 2014 that give spirit to writer until this report can finish on time.
The writer hope that all of helping and kindness from all of other part got reward from Allah SWT
The writer realize that in the arranging of this report still much lack. This matter cause knowledge restrictiveness of the writer. So positive criticism and suggestion from the reader that the writer hope for perfection of this report in the next.
The last, the writer hope that this report can useful for reader. That’s all. Thank you very much.
Table Of Content
Exercise...i
Statement of Effort...ii
Introduction...ii
Table Of Content...ii
I. Introduction of Technology...2
II. The Idea Make Brain Computer Interaction...2
III. Relationship BCI and Neuroprostetics...2
IV. How Brain Computer Interaction Work...2
V. Products for Hardware in The System BCI:...2
VI. Application of BCI in Everyday Life...2
1. BCI for Spelling Words...2
2. BCI for Wheelchairs Automatic...2
3. BCI for Military Communications...2
4. BCI for Games...2
5. BCI for Controlling Instruments...2
6. BCI for Web Browsers...2
Positive Impact of Using Brain Computer Interaction...2
Negative Impact of Using Brain Computer Interaction...2
Problem in the development of BCI...2
Conclusion...2
I.
Introduction of Technology
Technology was created not only to help the physic’s activity of humans, because humans also have a problem in the mind and brain. If you are feeling this problem, this technology can be used to take help your problem.
In five years, we'll simply be able to think something, and a computer will respond. That's the vision from IBM, which just published its "5 in 5" forecast, which attempts to predict five technologies that have the potential to significantly change our lives in the next five years. One of the more surprising candidates: machines that will read our thoughts.
II.
The Idea Make Brain Computer Interaction
Since three decades ago, a group of computer scientists at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) begin a seriously research project. They studied how to make a direct communication between the brain with a computer device.Their goal is make a device which is simply and practically, so the people can run the computer just by using his mind. If successful, a lot of people will be helped, such as people who are physically handicapped, where the motor nerves can not function properly, but the brain and the mind is still functioning normally. They can use this technology, so that their lives become better.
This project seems like incredible project that only exist in science fiction movies. But over the years, this research project has become branch of science of technology computer, which namely Brain Computer Interaction (or brain-machine interface). The results is already showed in laboratory science major universities, such as Stanford University, the University of Pittsburgh, and MIT. For example : The rate of a computer cursor has been able to be controlled without touching at all, but just thinking about it.
III.
Relationship BCI and Neuroprostetics
One of the foundations knowledge in making BCI is the science of biomedical and neuroscience (the study of the human nervous system).
Neural prostheses is a set of tools that can replace the function of the nervous system or sensory organs in the human body.
Cochlear implants are one example of neural prostheses are used to help people who are hearing less. Classified as neural prostheses because these tools do directly simulation to nerve in the cochlea with an electric field. In BCI, neural prostheses devices used to read electrical signals in the brain. Electrical signals will be generated every time when we think something because of the potential difference of ions in the membrane of a neutron. The computer scientists in collaboration with biomedical scientists, studying the patterns of electrical signals, and then translate it to be used in controlling a device.
For example, when one sees a red object, the electrical signals generated will have always the same pattern.
Some of the electrical activity of the brain that is widely used for BCI applications are β and μ rhytms (with a frequency range of 8-12 Hz and 12-30 Hz for μ for β, which is closely related to motor activity), P300, Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP), which is a natural response of the brain when the visual stimulation), Slow Cortical potentials (SCP, is produced in the cortex, after 0.5 to 10 seconds).
IV.
How Brain Computer Interaction Work
Starting from BCI way to get the electrical signals in the brain, there are 2 metod to get the electrical signals in the brain, there is:
Method-invasive BCI
Brain doing some activity and then recorded using multi electrode or single electrode which placed on the surface of the brain or in the bottom of the skull. In this method, the electrical signals can be directly received by the electrodes because placed on the brain.To measure activity the brain, we used tool called Electrocorticogram (ECoG) which placed on the cortical surface (surface of the brain).
The disadvantage of ECoG is :
There is a risk of surgery when the process of implantation
Need for recovery time after surgery, and need for surgery again when replacement electrodes
The advantages of ECoG is:
The position of electrode signal can be accurately respon because the place is near brain.
Method non-invasive BCI
Process recording the signal using electroencephalographic (EEG) that can be placed on the scalp. The idea of recording brain activity, is founded by Hans Berger in 1929. The work of this method is EEG signal measured by placing electrodes on the head hemisphere and the point measurement can be performed on the main area of the frontal, temporal, central, parietal, and occipital lobe.
Advantage of electroencephalographic (EEG):
Practical because it placed on the scalp Disadvantages of electroencephalographic (EEG):
The skull will recording the signal so that the resulting signal for the non-invasive method is not good compared with invasive methods.
After electrical signal is obtained, the next process is known as signal processing. In signal processing, there are two steps, namely feature extraction and the process of translation.
The process of feature extraction is an algorithm that is specifically used to reduce reductant data, and transform into a vector. After the feature extraction process, the expected data will be more easily analyzed to get information that is useful in next the process, namely process of translation.
After feature extraction stage, and then the next process is the translation which has been converted into a command signal as an input for BCI applications or to run a particular device. The main tool of the BCI system is a hardware system for managing simulation, get the EEG signal (electrodes and amplifiers samplers), and tools to provide feedback.
Picture 2. Work System Brain Computer Interaction Technology
V.
Products for Hardware in The System BCI:
Neuroscan System, which consists of NeuroStim (PC to manage the visual or acoustic stimulation)
VI.
Application of BCI in Everyday Life
1. BCI for Spelling Words
P300 (peak) is a widely studied phenomenon in signal processing. P300 is an event-related potential (ERP), which appears on the EEG recording as a wave peak at 300 milliseconds after an event to the brain stimulated. Utilization P300 common is the use of doing spelling words. Thirty-six symbols arranged in a 6x6 plot. Characters will be highlighted randomly either per column, per line, or by one character, and the user think of characters you want to communicate. 80-100% accuracy spelling of 5 pieces biased character acquired through 5 minutes of training.
2. BCIforWheelchairsAutomatic
P300 phenomenon is also used in the wheelchair. In order that a wheelchair can be directed to the destination what user want, the user must concentrate to think about the direction to the destination through a screen. From here, the electronic signals generated by the brain to be processed using signal processing (both in hardware and software). From there it will form a command to control the direction and wheelchairs.
3. BCIforMilitaryCommunications
4. BCIforGames
The application BCI is on game too. research begin in a simple game of ping-pong is used to demonstrate that the control can be done by processing through the EEG.
5. BCIforControllingInstruments
On 21-23 April, the European Future Technologies Conference and Exhibition (FET) demonstrated a show called the Multimodal Brain Orchestra. This show is performe with first orchestra conducted by four players using the mind. The four player were using non-invasive BCI technology to control a virtual musical instrument. Two of them control the volume with the Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP), and the other two play music by using the P300 response.
6. BCIforWebBrowsers
Positive
Impact of
Using
Brain
Computer Interaction
1. Helping people who can not move his limbs in order to can activity in daily live like people in normally
2. Helps control devices / objects (example : robots) from far area. for example playing games, moving the wheelchair, etc
Negative Impact of Using Brain Computer Interaction
1. Human being passive use of his limbs if used continuously to carry out daily activities.
2. The instrument uses a brain computer interaction so it is becomes very dangerous if used for bad purposes.
Problem in the development of BCI
1. The human brain is very complex. There are nearly 100 billion neurons in the human brain, and each of its neurons are constantly sending and receiving messages through the neuron connections are quite complicated. So it is difficult to BCI get acces from the human brain
2. In addition, the resulting electrical signal BCI is a signal that is weak and easy to interference.
Conclusion
BCI technology is still early stages of development, and can be said that this technology is useful for improvement of human life. So it our task from practitioners, academics and researchers to participate and contribute and raise name of Indonesia on the arena of BCI research.
Because this technology can be realized if a man would be greatly helped by the technology, example: a person with disabilities want to do or run the computer does not have to ask for help to others, he can run the computer with its own is with the help of this mind reading technology, in addition to that there are other examples, namely:
Helping people who can not move his limbs in order to move as usual.
Helps control devices / objects (eg, robots) from deep in a dangerous area or dirty.
Playing games for example and moving the wheelchair.So many benefits to be gained through this technology, although on the other hand these technologies have shortcomings, there are:
Human being passive use of his limbs if used continuously to carry out daily activities.References
Ririen Restya Sagita, 2011, ‘5 Tahun Lagi, IBM Siap Luncurkan Komputer Pembaca Pikiran’, PasarDana, web blog post, 11 November, viewed on 25 November 2014, http://pasardana.com/tag/brain-machine-interface
Nindy Aditya Dewi, 2011, ‘IBM : Komputer Pembaca Pikiran Hadir 5 Tahun Lagi’, ROLY Poly, web blog post, 20 December, viewed on 25 November 2014, http://indyadit.wordpress.com/2011/12/20/ibm-komputer-pembaca-pikiran-hadir-5-tahun-lagi
Dzunnah Wardhana, 2012, ‘Brain Machine Interface’, miss_nhana, web blog post, 2 February, viewed on 25 November 2014,
