ABSTRAK
Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, saya memilih sebuah novel yang berjudul Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland dan Through the Looking Glass dan terjemahaannya
sebagai sumber data penelitian saya. Alasan pemilihan novel tersebut adalah
banyaknya temuan mengenai pemakaian permainan kata, yang menimbulkan efek
bagi pembaca.
Saya menganalisis permainan kata yang ditemukan dalam novel berbahasa
Inggris. Kemudian saya menganalisis terjemahan permainan kata tersebut dalam
novel bahasa Indonesia. Saya menganalisis apakah penerjemah tetap menggunakan
permainan kata tersebut dalam bentuk dan arti yang sama, apakah penerjemah
memilih untuk menggunakan bentuk atau arti saja, atau penerjemah tidak
menggunakan bentuk dan arti yang sama dengan permainan kata yang ada dalam teks
asli. Kemudian saya menjelaskan efek dari permainan kata yang ditemukan dalam
novel bahasa Inggris dan juga efek dari permainan kata setelah diterjemahkan ke
dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Setelah menganalisis data yang ada, saya menemukan bahwa terdapat 12 data
yang berhubungan dengan fonologi, morfologi and semantic. Dari ke-12 data
tersebut, penerjemah tetap menggunakan bentuk dan arti yang sama pada data nomor
2, 6, dan 7. Penerjemah juga hanya menggunakan bentuk yang sma dan mengubah
arti pada data nomor 3 dan 8. Sedangkan pada data nomor 1, 9, 10, 11 dan 12
penerjemah mengubah bentuk tetapi tetap menggunakan arti yang sama. Kasus
penerjemah tidak menggunakan bentuk dan arti yang sama dapat ditemukan pada data
nomor 4 dan 5. Berdasarkan analisis, efek yang ditimbulkan bagi pembaca apabila
penerjemah masih menggunakan bentuk yang sama adalah pembaca dapat merasakan
efek yang sama dengan efek yang ada dalam permainan di dalam teks aslinya.
Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa menterjemahkan permainan kata
bukanlah hal yang mudah. Penerjemah dituntut untuk dapat menerjemahkan
permainan kata dengan baik sehingga pembaca akan menemukan bentuk dan arti
yang sejajar denagn teks aslinya.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT... i
TABLE OF CONTENT... iii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1
Background of the Study... 4
Statement of the Problem ... 4
Purpose of the Study ... 4
Methods of Research... 4
Organization of the Thesis ... 5
CHAPTER TWO: TEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 6
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE LANGUAGE PLAY OF LEWIS CAROLL’S ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND AND THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS ... 11
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION... 28
BIBLIOGRAPHY... 32
APPENDICES... 34
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
There are various kinds of books which are interesting to read. In general,
books can be divided into two kinds, non-fiction and fiction. The non fiction is
related to something real or based on facts, and the fiction is related to unreality or
based on the author’s imagination.
There are various forms of fiction, such as novel, short story, comic books
and drama. They have their own uniqueness and I am personally interested in
novels especially children’s novels because it might contain language that is made
for fun and enjoyment or called language play. Language play can make the
novels more interesting to read.
Language play is an action of manipulating the language by bending and
breaking its rules (Crystal 1). The linguistic feature such as a word or a sentence is
taken and made to do things that it does not normally do, for example: what did
one sheep say to the other? I think ewe are bewetiful. It is a joke which plays with
2
the spelling in the writing system (Crystal 13). Crystal also argued that language
play is made for fun (Crystal 1).
There are a lot of interesting children’s novels written in English.
However, not every reader understands English well. While understanding of the
language is needed in order that a reader can understand the story better. This
problem can be solved by translating the novels into the reader’s own language; as
a result, the translation will help the reader to understand the novels better.
However, sometimes a translator finds a difficulty during the translation process
because he cannot find the equivalent word in the target language because the
word does not exist in that language.
It is even more difficult for a translator to translate language play because
language play contains rhymes, onomatopoeias, homophones, etcetera. Therefore,
when a translator translates language play, sometimes it is only possible for him to
keep the form of the language play in the target language play but he cannot keep
the sense. It is also likely that the translator will only keep the sense of the
language play because he can translate the sense but he cannot keep the form. In
addition, a translator might keep both the form and the sense of the language play
or he neither keeps the form nor the sense of the language play.
Considering this problem, I am interested to find further about translation
dealing with language play. Specifically, I analyze the translation of language play
in Lewis Carroll’s novels, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the
Looking-Glass and their Indonesian translations, Petualangan di Negeri Ajaib and
Dunia di Balik Cermin. I choose the novels to be the source of data because they
Maranatha Christian University
3
contain language play which is difficult to be translated into Indonesian. I think it
will be interesting to analyze how the translator translates the language play.
In doing this analysis I use the theories of translation and language play.
Moreover, I use three linguistic approaches, phonology, morphology and
semantics. These linguistic approaches are useful because they are related to the
language play. Fromkin and Rodman state that phonology is “concerned with the
ways in which the speech sounds form systems and patterns in human language”
(253) In phonology, I use some forms of language play such as rhymes,
onomatopoeias, alliterations, assonances, and consonances which are all related to
sounds. In morphology, which is “the study of word formation and the internal
structure of words” (Fromkin & Rodman 135), I use suffixation. Moreover, in
semantics, which is “the study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words
phrases and sentences” (Fromkin and Rodman 158), I use homophones,
homonyms and mimes. Those theories help me to analyze the data found.
The significance of this study is that the readers can see the translation of
the language play and the effect of the language play itself after being translated.
Moreover, it is expected that the result of the study will help students in the
English Department to be more careful and critical in translating texts that contain
language play; therefore, they will understand the problem that might occur when
translating the language play.
Statement of the Problem
Maranatha Christian University
4
In my thesis I would like to analyze the following problems:
1. What forms of language play are found in the English version?
2. What is the translation of these language play forms?
3. Which does the translator keep: the form, the sense, the form and the
sense, or neither the form nor the sense?
4. What is the effect(s) of the translation on the reader?
Purpose of the Study
The purposes of this study are:
1. To describe what forms of language play are found in the English version.
2. To show the translation of the language play.
3. To find out which element the translator keeps: the form, the sense, the
form and the sense, or neither the form nor the sense.
4. To describe the effect(s) of the translation on the reader.
Method of Research
In writing my thesis, I start by reading Lewis Carroll’s novels, Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass and their Indonesian
translations Petualangan di Negeri Ajaib and Dunia di Balik Cermin several times
to find the language play. Then, I note down the language play forms from the
English version then I search for the translations in the Indonesian version.
Afterwards, I analyze how the translator translates the language play forms based
on the theories. Finally, I write the research report.
Maranatha Christian University
5
Organization of the Thesis
The thesis consists of four chapters. It starts with the Introduction, which
contains the Background of the Study, the Statement of the Problem, the Purpose
of the Study, the Method of Research and the Organization of the Thesis. In
Chapter Two, the Theoretical Framework, I discuss the translation and language
play theories which are used to analyze the data. The Third Chapter presents the
data analysis. The following chapter, Chapter Four, is the Conclusion. At the end
of the thesis, there are the Bibliography and the Appendix, which contains the
language play forms and their translations.
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to draw my conclusion. As I have mentioned
in the first chapter, I have four main problems to discuss in my thesis.
After analyzing the data above, I obtain twelve forms of language play in
Lewis Carroll’s novels. The language play is divided into three parts of linguistic
fields which are phonology, morphology and semantics.
In phonology, I can find that the author uses rhyme, alliteration,
onomatopoeia, assonance and consonance. Three data containing rhymes can be
found in data 1, 3 and 12. Three data containing alliteration are in data 2, 3 and 4.
One data contains assonance which is data 8. Moreover, one data contains
consonance in data 2. Three data contain onomatopoeia which can be found in
data 6, 9 and 10.
After translating three data which contain rhymes, the translator chooses to
change the form and keep the sense in data 1 and 10, to keep the form and change
the sense in data 3. Meanwhile, in the data containing alliteration, the translator
chooses to keep both the form and the sense in data 2 and data 3. Moreover, the
translator also chooses to keep neither the form nor the sense in data 4. In
29
addition, in data 8 which contains assonance, the translator chooses to keep the
form and change the sense. The translator chooses to keep the form and the sense
in data 2 which contains consonance. In the data which contains onomatopoeia,
the translator chooses to change the form and keep the sense in data 9 and 10;
while the translator chooses to keep both the form and the sense of onomatopoeia
in data 6.
From the findings above, I conclude that it is not easy to keep both the
form and the sense in the language play which is related to the sounds. The
translator has to find the equivalent words in order to keep both the form and the
sense.
I also find that the author uses the form of language play that deals with a
morphological process, suffixation. The author uses suffixation in data 5. After
analyzing the data, I find that the translator chooses to keep neither the form nor
the sense. Here, the translator does not use suffixation anymore; in addition, the
translator cannot find the equivalent meaning. In my opinion, language play which
deals with morphological process is difficult to be translated because English and
Indonesian have different morphological process and surely in suffixation process.
In semantics, I find that the author uses homophones to create language
play. The homophones are found in data 9 and 11 where the translator chooses to
change the form and keep the sense. Both these data lose their language play after
being translated. In these data, the translator chooses to keep only the sense
because it is difficult to translate a homophonous word into the target language.
Furthermore, from the thirteen data I have analyzed, I also find the data which
contains a homonym in data 9. In data 9, the translator does not choose to keep the
30
form but only keep the sense. Furthermore, there is one data contains mimes in
data 7. In the data which contains mimes; the translator chooses to keep both the
form and the sense.
After analyzing the twelve data, I conclude that the translator has to
choose whether to keep only the form of language play or keep only the sense or
both keep the form and the sense. It shows that the translator finds difficulty in
translating language play which is found in Lewis Carroll’s novels. Moreover, the
difficulty is found because English and Indonesian are different.
In analyzing the effects of language play, I find that there are similar
effects of the use of language play which deals with sounds. The use of rhyme,
alliteration, assonance and consonance will bring the effects that the language
play will be pleasant and comfortable to hear; therefore, it will entertain the
reader. Moreover, the effect of alliteration is that reader will remember a
character’s name or a certain phrase easily, the reader will pay more attention to
something and the reader will get the image of an action.
The effect of onomatopoeia is that the reader will be helped to get the
image of the sound; therefore, the reader will enjoy reading the novel. In
addition, the effect of mimes is that the reader will find it ludicrous and fancy.
Furthermore, the effect of language play which deals with suffixation is
that the reader will feel the same as the effect of mimes. The reader will find it
ludicrous and fancy. Furthermore, the effect of language play which is related to
meaning, in this case having more than one meaning, is the reader might find it
confusing.
31
When the translator cannot keep the form of language play, the reader will
not feel the same effect as in the source text. As a result, it is important for the
translator to be able to keep the form of language play without losing the meaning.
From the thirteen data that I have analyzed, I find that seven data cannot keep the
form of language play. Therefore, the reader cannot get the effect of language
play. In fact, the reader will find only the literal meaning in the translation.
In my opinion, a translator who wants to translate a novel containing a lot
of language play should be able to keep the form of language play in his or her
translation. Consequently, the translation will be equivalent in the source text.
Moreover, the reader will be able to get the effect of language play in the
translation. In translating the source text, the translator also has to know and
understand the author’s purpose so that he or she can deliver the same purpose as
the author.
I hope this thesis can help English learners to understand more about how
to translate language play. In addition, they will be more aware of the proper way
to translate language play. Honestly, this thesis is not perfect. In my opinion, for
those students who want to take a similar topic, it will be much better to make an
observation or questionnaire for the effects of language play on the reader.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
Crystal, David. Language Play. London: Penguin Books, 1998.
Fromkin, Victoria, and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language. New York:
CBS College Publishing, 1983.
Hatim, Basil, and Jeremy Munday. Translation an Advanced Resource Book.
London & New York: Rutladge, 2004.
Kennedy, X. J, and Dana Gioia. An Introduction to Poetry. New York: Longman,
2002.
Leech, N. Geoffrey. Linguistic Guide to English Poetry. London: Longman, 1069.
Main, E. F, and Peter J. Seng. Poems. California: Wadsworth Publishing
Company. 1973.
Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. London & New York: Pergamon
Press, 1981.
O’Grady, William, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Francis Katamba. An Introduction
to Contemporary Linguistic. London: Longman, 1987.
Suprana, Jaya, and Aylawati Sarwono. Antologi Kelirumologi. Jakarta: Elex
Media Komputindo, 2005.
Dictionaries
33
Badudu, J.S, and Sutan Mohamad Zain. Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta:
Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1994.
Hornby, A.S. Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London: Oxford
University Press, 1995.
Internet site
Klugi, Helmur Walmer. “The Function of Linguistics Issue in Alice in
Wonderland
and Through the Looking-Glass.” 2000. 20 April 2009
http://www.klugi.com/wissen/papers/anglistik/Alice_in_Wonderland.pdf
