THE EFFE CT O F CONCE PT MAP ON STUDENT’S L EARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM GRADE
XI IPA SMA UISU MEDAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
By:
Rilly Andika SID. 409342026
Biology Education Bilingual Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ENDORSEMENT LETTER i
ABSTRACT ii
BIBLIOGRAPHY iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
LIST OF TABLE ix
LIST OF FIGURE x
LIST OF ATTACHMENT xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of Study 1
1.2 Problem Identification 3
1.3 The Scope of Study 3
1.4 Research question 3
1.5 Research Objective 4
1.6 The Benefits of Research 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1. Understanding of Learning 5
2.2. Learning Achievement 6
2.3. Learning Plans 8
2.3.1. Understanding of Learning Plans 8
2.3.2. The Role of Learning Plans 8
2.4. Learning Tools 8
2.4.1. Lesson Plan 9
2.4.2. Student’s Activity Sheet 9
2.4.3. Achievement Test 9
2.5. Learning Model 10
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2.5.2. Characteristic of Learning Model 10
2.6. Concept Map 11
2.7. Description Materials of Human Skeletal System 13
2.7.1. Axial Skeleton 14
2.7.2. Appendicular Skeleton 18
2.7.3. Bone Shapes 20
2.7.4. Types of Bone 21
2.7.5. Ossification 23
2.7.6. Articulation 25
2.8. Conceptual Framework 25
2.9. Research Hypothesis 25
2.9.1. Verbal Hypothesis 25
2.9.2. Hypothesis Statistics 26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 27
3.1. Time and Location 27
3.2. Population and Sample 27
3.3. Research Variable 27
3.4. Type and Design of Research 27
3.5. Research Instrument 28
3.6. Testing Research Instruments 29
3.6.1. Validity test 30
3.6.2. The Reliability of the Test 30
3.6.3. The Difficulty-level Test 31
3.6.4. Discrimination index 32
3.7. Research Procedure 32
3.7.1. Research Preparation 33
3.7.2. Implementation of teaching 34
3.7.3. Implementation of the Post Test 34
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3.8. Data Analysis Techniques 34
3.8.1. Normality Test 35
3.8.2. Homogeneity Test 36
3.8.3. Testing Hypotheses 36
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 35
4.1 Result 35
4.1.1 Description of Research Data 35
4.1.2 Analysis of Research Data 36
4.2 Discussion 39
4.2.1 Student Learning Achievement 39
4.2.2 Concept Map Scoring Rubric 40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 41
5.1. Conclusion 41
5.2 Suggestion 41
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LIST OF TABLE
3.1. Design Research Two Group Pre-test Post-test 26
3.2. The Lattice of Concept Understanding 27
3.3. The criteria of test reliability degree 29
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LIST OF FIGURE
2.1. Concept map of concept map 11
2.2. Right lateral view of the Skull 13
2.3. Lateral view of the Vertebrae 14
2.4. Anterior View of Thorax 16
2.5. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb 18
2.6. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 19
2.7. Cartilage, Spongy, and Compact Bone 21
3.1 Research Procedure 31
4.1 Result of pre-test of students 35
4.2. The effect of concept map on students 36
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LIST OF ATTACHEMENT
Appendix 1 Sillaby 43
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan Experiment 44
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan Control 52
Appendix 4 Research Instrument 61
Appendix 5 Lattice of the Research Instrument 67
Appendix 6 Concept Map Scoring Rubric 69
Appendix 7 Concept Map of Skeletal 70
Appendix 8 Validation 72
Appendix 9 The Validity Calculation 73
Appendix 10 The Reability Calculation 75
Appendix 11 The Difficulty Calculation 76
Appendix 12 Calculation of Discrimination Index 77
Appendix 13 Recapitulation of Instrument Test Result 78
Appendix 14 Data of Research 79
Appendix 15 Average Deviation Standard of Pre-test 81
Appendix 16 Average Deviation Standard of Post-test 83
Appendix 17 Normality Test of Research Data 85
Appendix 18 Homogeneity Test of Research Data 89
Appendix 19 Hypothesis Testing 93
Appendix 20 Concept Map Scoring Rubric 95
Appendix 21 Product Moment Table 105
Appendix 22 Liliefors Table 106
Appendix 23 F-Distribution Table 107
Appendix 24 Table of t Distribution Value 108
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of study
The quality of education in Indonesia is still low. It always gets a sharp
from many sides, such as Government and Educational Institution. The efforts
were done by the government to increase quality of education such as changing educational curriculum, increasing teachers’ quality and repairing of accommodations or infrastructure. However, all efforts which the government did
were not achieve maximum result yet.
Increasing the quality of education is closely related to the quality of
teacher who educates the students at school. A teacher is expected to make a
comfortable situation so that student can learn well. The comfortable situation will be able to motivate students to learn, moreover, it is depend on students’ willingness to learn. But in fact, teacher have lower variation using of learning
strategy or strategy, still using teacher center or we called traditional learning
strategy. So that it makes student more get bored in class room.
A good teacher whose has a good competence in teaching is a teacher
whose has an ability to make unity steps which is developed by a plausible
consideration to reach teaching purposes efficiently. The implementation of
teaching learning strategy which was chosen by the teachers involves learning
purpose aspects, materials relevance, an ability to use the materials’ relevancy,
and teaching situation.
In learning process, a teacher must be able to reach learning objectives
successfully. And the successfulness involves the comparison understanding in
short term or long term about what the comparison had learned, and result a good’s graduate students.
Result of interview collected information about learning process in SMA
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senior high school class XI, who has been studying on skeletal system topic. It is
shown that learning process still conducted in lower variation. The teacher was
tended to be active, but unfortunately the students were passive. In another word
the learning process almost filled with explanation, which is traditional learning
strategy. The teacher explained and told to inform all facts and concepts,
meanwhile the students just listening, taking note, and sometimes discussing about the topics from the teacher. Therefore, students’ learning outcome is not maximized. The average score of students’ daily test are 65, and make them passive in the learning process. Based on the data which obtained, many students
got unsatisfied score, and the score is unachieved minimum standard 75. The data
of score are: 4 students (13%) from 30 students got high scores, 8 students (26%)
got medium scores, 12 students (40%) got low scores, and 6 students (20%) got very low scores. That can be happen because the students can’t remember all of the things parts of the skeletal system.
One of alternative answers for this problem is teacher should choose
learning strategy that can improve student learning achievement according to the
materials which will be taught. Teaching and learning’s learning strategy are
being important factor and have impact to reach the learning outcome. So that, the
teachers is hoped to complete their skills to maximize their performance in
teaching such as: developing teaching learning strategy, skills which can improve
learning motivation. One effort to improve student learning achievement and
student activities is by using the Concept Map.
According to Johnson & Johnson (1987), Concept maps are educational
learning strategy to demonstrate the concept of science is systematically formed
from the core of the problem to the support section having a relationship with one
another to form a knowledge and ease of understanding of a lesson topic. By
using this concept map, lesson delivered to a wider and facilitate students'
understanding of the lesson concepts are related to each other. To determine the
students' understanding of concepts learned, we want to do the testing by
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From the description above the author interested in studying the
comparison of student achievement by using cooperative learning strategy in a
study with the title “The Effect of Concept Map on Students Learning
Achievement in Human Skeletal System Grade XI IPA SMA UISU Medan Academic Year 2013/2014”.
1.2 Problem Identification
From the background above, the following problems that have been
identified, which are:
1. Teaching and learning process tends to teacher information only.
2. Teacher has limited sources to use more learning strategy.
3. Student achievement is still low.
1.3 The Scope of Study
Based on the identification of the problem above, it is necessary limiting
problems to avoid the expansion problems. This research was focused on the
following:
1. The Effect of Concept Map on Students Learning Achievement in Topic
Human Skeletal System have been taught.
2. Student achievement that measured is limited to the cognitive domain.
1.4 Research Question
The question of this research is:
Is there any different with in students learning achievement who have been
taught using Concept Map and without Concept Map in traditional
learning strategy at topic Skeletal System for grade XI students SMA
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1.5 Research Objectives
The objectives of this research is:
The students learning achievement who have been taught using Concept
Map and without concept map in traditional learning strategy at topic
Skeletal System for grade XI students SMA SWASTA UISU Medan
2013/2014.
1.6. The Benefits of Research
The expected benefits of this research are:
1. In terms of theoretical, in general this research can provide input on the
education of the learning strategy that can be applied in high school and
also the techniques of taking notes in the study of biology, especially in
the Human Skeletal System topic.
2. In terms of the practical, this study provides the following benefits:
a. For students, improve motivation and learning outcomes of students
in Human Skeletal System topic.
b. For teachers, to increase the teachers professionalism and can be
taken into consideration for the teachers in presenting Human
Skeletal System topic.
c. For schools, give a positive contribution to the progress of schools
and increase the quality of teaching biology at Human Skeletal
System topic.
d. For researchers, the initial step of the innovation that can be applied
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BIOGRAPHY
Rilly Andika was born in Medan on 28th December 1991, the first son of
Ir. Rizali Abdi and Wan Sri Kemala. In 1996, the writer started her first
educational experience in TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Lubuk Pakam then
continued into TK Dewantara Deli Tua and finished in 1997. In 1997, the writer
entered to SDN 101740 Tanjung Selamat and finished in 2003. In 2003, the writer
continued study in SMPN 9 Medan and finished in 2006. In 2006, the writer
[image:13.595.70.534.129.677.2]continued study in SMA SWASTA UISU MEDAN and got the second Champ in
Table Tennis Championship on School then graduated in 2009. In 2009, the writer
was registered in Biology Bilingual Education Program, Biology Department,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan and did
the completion of thesis on 11 Februari 2014. During following study in
university, the writer was become the member of some organizations such as
BIOTA, and HMI. Besides, the writer was laboratory assistant in Experimental of
General Biology I and II, Experimental of Animal Structure I and II and
