SHRINKAGE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETEON SANDWICH LAYER
CONCRETE
THESIS
Submitted to the Post Graduate of Civil Engineering Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering
in Materials and Structure
By:
RAMADHAN AL MAHDI JIBRIL Z
S941208022
MASTER OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GRADUATE PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND CONTENT
PUBLICATION OF FINAL PROJECT
I declare actually:
1. Thesis by the title: SHRINKAGE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETEON SANDWICH LAYER CONCRETE
is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes, except has been mentioned on the bibliography as reference of this paper. If in the future proved there is plagiarism in this paper, I am willing to accept the sanction appropriate to legislation (Permendiknas No. 17, 2010).
2. Publication of this Thesis on Journal or scientific forum should be permission and include the counselor as author and PPs UNS as institution. In the period at least one semester I did not do the publication of part or all of the contents of this thesis, the Master Civil Engineering Program of UNS reserves the right to publish a scientific journal published by the Master Civil Engineering Department of UNS. If I am in violation of the terms of this publication, then I am willing to receive the applicable academic sanctions.
Author,
FOREWORD
Praise to Allah SWT the lord of the world, who has given mercy and blessing so that this thesis with a title SHRINKAGE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ON SANDWICH LAYER CONCRETEcan be resolved. This thesis is submitted as a condition for obtaining a master's degree in Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University.
Respectfully I say many thanks to:
1. Director of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret University. 2. Dr. Ir. Mamok Suprapto, M.Eng, as the head of Civil Engineering Master
Program of Sebelas Maret University. 3.
of Sebelas Maret University.
4. Dr. Techn. Ir. Sholihin , as first supervisor. 5. Yusep Muslih, St., MT., Ph. D., as second supervisor.
6. All faculty staff of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret Universitywho have helped during lectures.
7. My brothers and sisters who always support at every condition.
8. Student colleagues of Civil Engineering Master Program of Sebelas Maret Universitywho gave me inspiration and suggestion.
9. All those who helped me in completing this thesis, the author cannot mention one by one.
I hope this thesis can contribute to the scientific academic community, practitioners in the field of building materials and benefit the wider community in general. The assistance that was given may receive just reward from Allah SWT.
Surakarta, February 2014 Writer,
ABSTRACT
Shrinkage of concrete causes a serious problem in concrete. If concrete is restrained from shrinking, tensile stresses develop and it may exceed the tensile strength of concrete which causes the concrete cracks. One possible method to control or reduce the adverse effects of cracking due to shrinkage in concrete structures is the addition of fiber in the concrete. Steel fiber can improve structural strength, ductility, reduce crack widths and control the crack. In sandwich layer where its material comprises of steel fiber reinforced concrete and some other by plain concrete. The shrinkage behavior has been considerably different compared to fiber reinforced concrete and plain concrete. Therefore this study investigates the behavioral of shrinkage on the steel fiber reinforced concrete on sandwich layer concept.
The test specimens were made by steel fiber dosages of 10 kg/m3, 30kg/m3, 50 kg/m3, 80kg/m3and 100 kg/m3 and some others for sandwich layer specimen with similar fiber dosages combined with plain concrete. The specimen form was cylinder 5 cm in diameter and 27 cm in high for drying shrinkage test. All samples were placed in open air on ambient temperature environment. The shrinkage was recorded on 1 day to 56 days. The shrinkage prediction for three year or 1000 lower occurrence of drying shrinkage. The shrinkage on sandwich samples recorded moderate compared to plain concrete, however this shrinkage is higher compared to samples of fully fiber reinforced concrete at the same fiber dosage. The three group of samples; steel fiber reinforced concrete, sandwich concrete and plain concrete showed the same trend of shrinkage curves following the time of hydration. The presence of steel fiber in concrete can effectively hinder drying shrinkage and affected the crack that can reduce and control the shrinkage of concrete.
ABSTRAK
Penyusutan beton menyebabkan masalah serius dalam beton. Jika beton tertahan dari menyusut, tegangan tarik mengembangkan dan mungkin melebihi kekuatan Tarik beton yang menyebabkan beton retak. Salah satu metode yang mungkin untuk mengendalikan atau mengurangi dampak dari retakan karena susut dalam struktu beton adalah penambahan serat dalam beton. Serat baja dapat meningkatkan kekuatan struktural, daktilitas, mengurangi lebar retak dan mengontrol retak. Dalam lapisan Sandwich mana terdiri materialnya serat baja beton bertulang dan beberapa lainnya oleh beton normal. Perilaku penyusutan telah jauh berbeda dibandingkan dengan serat beton bertulang dan beton normal. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ingin mengetahui perilaku penyusutan pada serat baja beton bertulang pada konsep lapisan sandwich.
Spesimen uji dibuat dengan dosis serat baja dari 10 kg/m3, 30kg/m3, 50 kg/m3, 80kg/m3dan 100 kg/m3 dan beberapa lainnya untuk Sandwich lapisan specimen dengan dosis serat yang sama dikombinasikan dengan beton normal. Bentuk specimen adalah silinder dengan diameter 5 cm dan tinggi 27 cm untuk uji pengeringan penyusutan. Semua sampel ditempatkan di udara terbuka pada suhu lingkungan. Penyusutan ini direkam pada 1 hari sampai 56 hari. Prediksi penyusutan selama tiga tahun atau 1000 hari juga dihitung. Keduanya dicatat dan diprediksi susut tersebut kemudian dibandingkan.
CONTENTS`
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND BASIC THEORY 2.1 Literature Review
2.1.1 Concrete
2.1.2 Drying shrinkage in concrete 2.1.3 Fiber
2.1.4 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) 2.1.5 Sandwich Layer Concept
2.2 Basic Theory 2.2.1 Concrete
2.2.2 Shrinkage in concrete 2.2.3 Fiber
2.2.4 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) 2.2.5 Sandwich Layer Concept
2.3 The difference between this research and previous researches 2.4 Hypothesis
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Sample Preparation
3.7.2 Shrinkage Behavior of Sandwich Concrete
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.2 (a) Effect of aggregate concentration on shrinkage of concrete: theoretical vs. experimental
results by Pickett (from Soroka, 1993). (b) Relation between shrinkage strains and concrete
secant modulus of elasticity, data by Richard (from Soroka, 1993).
Figure 2.3 Effect of w/c ratio on the drying shrinkage of concrete as a function of time, data by Haller
Figure 2.5 Various types of steel fiber form (Soroushian and Bayasi, 1991) Figure 2.6 Bridge deck with steel fibers.
Figure 2.7 Tightly bunched steel fibers are placed in a form, before cement slurry is poured into this
application of slurry-infiltrated steel-fiber concrete (SIFCON). Figure 2.8 Sketch of sandwich layer concrete.
Figure 3.1 Water-cement ratio relationship graphs and the average compressive strength of cylinder
(SNI 03-2834-2000 ).
Figure 3.2 Graph fine aggregate percentages on the overall aggregate for the maximum grain size of 20
mm (SNI 03 -2834-200)
Figure 3.3 Graph showing the relationship of water content, specific gravity of aggregate mix, an heavy
concrete( after .SNI 03-3834-2000) Figure 3.4 Steel fibers RC 80/60 BN
Figure 3.5 Specimen dimension
Figure 3.6 Shrinkage performance (boral laboratory testing, 2013) Figure 3.7 Flow chart of research method
Figure 4.4 Relation between drying shrinkage and drying age of plain concrete and plain concrete of
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Typical values of shrinkage strains in mortar and concrete samples with a squared cross
section of 127mm2, exposed to a 50% RH environment at 21ºC (Neville, 2002)
Table 2.2 SIFCON mix design.
Table 3.1 Specimen types with various dosages of steel fiber.
Table 4.1 Specific grafity test result
Table 4.2 Fine aggregate gradation test result Table 4.3 Specific grafity test result
Table 4.4 Fine aggregate gradation test result Table 4.5 Material requirement
Table 4.6 Compressive strength test result
Table 4.7 sh(u)=4579.1)
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix A... Ap A-1 Appendix B... Ap B-1
