H1 : There is a significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel - X in Jakarta

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THE IMPACT OF TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR ROOM DIVISION ON EMPLOYEE Page 33 of 90 PRODUCTIVITY IN HOTEL-X IN JAKARTA

Michael Nur CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Process

Figure 3.1 Research Process Chapter 5

Conclusions and Recommendation s

Chapter 4 Results and Discussions

START

Preliminary Research and Topic Definition: The research is conducted to identify the Impact of Training Programs for Room Division on

Employee Productivity in Hotel-X in Jakarta

Questions and Hypothesis Formulation

Quantitative Data Analysis

Conclusion and Recommendation Chapter 1 & 2

Introduction and Literature Review

Chapter 3 Methodology

Hypothesis:

H0 : There is no significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel - X in Jakarta.

H1 : There is a significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel - X in Jakarta.

Question:

Is there a significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel-X in Jakarta?

Data Collection

Hypothesis Testing

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Michael Nur 3.2 Type of Study

The type of study in this research is descriptive research. According to Bhattacherjee, 2012, descriptive research is aimed for creating careful observations and specified documentation of an occurrence of interest. These observations must rely on the scientific method (i.e., must be replicable, precise, etc.), and therefore, are more dependable than accidental observations by unexperienced people.

3.3 Type of Data

This research uses two types of data: primary and secondary.

3.3.1 Primary Data

Based on Smith & Albaum, 2012, primary data is the data which is gathered by the researcher. The researcher collects the data or answer by asking questions to the respondents, either verbal or written. The responses can also be noticed through the respondent’s behavior. Collecting primary data is important in order to find solutions to research problems.

In this research, the source of primary data is in the form of questionnaires.

3.3.2 Secondary Data

Secondary data is often obtained in outside sources. It has two categories:

internal secondary data and external secondary data. As companies conduct business every day, they gather information through receiving orders, filling orders, recording costs, and submitting sales reports. These sources are known as internal secondary data. Data that is found from outside sources is called external secondary data. Government, trade association and trade press, periodicals and professional journals, institutions, and commercial services are main sources of external secondary information (Smith & Albaum, 2012).

This study uses both internal and external data.

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Michael Nur 3.4 Data Collection

Both primary and secondary data collection will be involved in this study.

3.4.1 Primary Data Collection

Questionnaires will be used as primary data collection in this research.

Questionnaire is a set of questions intended to produce the data necessary in order to attain the objectives of the research project (Usman, 2012).

This study is using questionnaire that consist of 24 questions. Those questions will involve individual ability, organizational capabilities, knowledge updating, performance feedback, and supervisor support. The type of questions will adopt close – ended questions which will use Likert scale. The scale will be stated as follow.

1= Strongly disagree: When respondents are completely disagree with the statement.

2= Disagree: When respondents are moderately disagree with the statement.

3= Neutral: When respondents are neither agree or disagree with the statement.

4= Agree: When respondents are slightly agree with the statement.

5= Strongly Agree: When respondents are completely agree with the statement.

3.4.2 Secondary Data Collection

This study is using secondary data collection from journals, books, document from website, and articles.

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Michael Nur 3.5 Population and Sample

Population consists of the group of people or things the researcher desires to achieve a conclusion about (Briggs, Coleman, & Morrison, 2012). The population of this study is employees from Room department.

According to Newby, 2013, the process of choosing people or organizations from the entire population is called sampling. Sampling helps to connect the outcome from a selection of respondents or instances to the total of respondents or instances. There are two types of sampling. Probability sampling is the type of sampling in which all components in the sampling frame have same chance of being chosen while non-probability sampling which is also called “purposive” is applicable for population in which the probability of things cannot be known because the probability of selecting samples is unequal.

This study is using one of probability sampling called stratified random sampling method. Based on Newbie, 2013, stratification is a technique that is applied to random and organized sampling rather than a separate method to sampling.

Stratification can be done by dividing the population into groups.

The minimum standard of sample is based on Slovin’s formula:

n = sample size N = population size

(P.Ryan, 2013) e = desired margin of error

In this study, the total population is X and the desired margin of error is 5%

which makes the calculation of minimum sample is

The researcher will take 100 samples in this study to avoid errors.

n = 120 = 92,31 = 93 samples 1+ (120*(0.05)²)

n = N 1+Ne²

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THE IMPACT OF TRAINING PROGRAM FOR ROOM DIVISION ON EMPLOYEE Page 37 of 90 PRODUCTIVITY IN HOTEL-X IN JAKARTA

Michael Nur

3.6 Research Model

3.6.1 Research Model

Training Programs Individual

ability Physical

Mental

Organizational Capabilities Individual's

Efforts Skills

Knowledge Updating Information

Data

Figure 3.2 Research Model

Employee Productivity

Performance Feedback

Information Exchange

Role Congruity

Work Incentives

Supervisor Support

Mentoring / Coaching Opportunity

to apply Job Aids

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Michael Nur 3.6.2 Question Design

Table 3.1 Question Design

Variable Dimension Indicator No Questions Scale

Training refers to a planned effort by a company to facilitate employees’

learning of job related

competencies.

Individual Ability

Physical

Mental

Individuals’

effort

4 (Q 1-4)

4 (Q 5-8)

1. Training refers to a planned effort by a company to facilitate employees’ learning of job related competencies.

2. Training gives me knowledge about hotel grooming standard.

3. Training helps me to keep calm when facing emergency situation.

4. Training develop my confidence in dealing with guests.

5. I am willing to come early / do overtime for my company.

6. I am willing to perform task out of my job description.

Likert Scale

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Michael Nur

Organizationa l Capabilities

Knowledge Updating

Skills

Information

Data

4 (Q 9 –

12)

7. I join training program because it will develop my skill.

8. Training program helps me to develop my competencies to perform task.

9. Training gives me knowledge about the latest info.

10. I like the way my hotel deliver the training material.

11. I am familiar in dealing with credit card transaction and summary report.

12. Through training I understand the importance of guests’ data.

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Michael Nur

Variable Dimension Indicator No Questions Scale

Employee Productivity is the log of net sales over total

employees - an economic measure of output per unit of input.

Performance Feedback

Information Exchange

Role Congruity

Workplace Incentives

6 (Q 13-

18)

14. There is always morning and afternoon briefing, led by superior.

13. In terms of delivering information when shift-changing, I think my department deliver it effectively.

15. In my department, the task is allocated in balance.

16. I do my role based on the task that has been assigned.

17. My hotel gives reward if certain achievement is fulfilled.

18. My hotel gives appreciation to the best employee i.e.:

Best employee of the month.

Likert Scale

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Michael Nur

Supervisor Support

Mentoring / Coaching

Opportunity to Apply

Job Aids

6 (Q 19

– 24)

19. My superior also act as my mentor

20. My manager helps me develop in order to perform better.

21. My hotel do not restrict me to try new skill at work.

22. My hotel gives empowerment to employees.

23. My department always provide checklist to ensure that all tasks are accomplished.

24. In performing a task, I have to follow the procedure of my hotel i.e. Check in procedure

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Michael Nur 3.7 Research Question and Hypothesis

3.7.1 Research Question

Is there any significant impact of training program to employees’

productivity in Hotel-X in Jakarta?

3.7.2 Hypothesis

H0 : There is no significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel - X in Jakarta.

H1 : There is a significant impact of training programs on employee productivity in Hotel - X in Jakarta.

3.8 Data Testing

3.8.1 Data Pre-Testing

The questionnaire was handed out to 30 respondents who are related with the topic. The purpose of doing pre- testing is to know whether the questionnaire is clear enough to reflect the research problem and express the research purpose. In other word is to identify the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. After doing this and got the expecting result, the researcher can continue the research.

3.8.2 Data Post-Testing

If the pre- testing is valid and reliable, the researcher can continue by distributing the questionnaire to the respondents. The purpose of doing post- testing is to know whether the questionnaire is strong enough to reflect the research problem and address the research purpose of all the respondents in the research.

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Michael Nur

3.9 Data Reliability and Validity 3.9.1 Reliability

Reliability shows the extent of consistency and stability established when a study is repeated under similar conditions (Alnaggar & Aldowaisan, 2011).

Sunyoto, 2012 defines reliability test as a aim to know how far the measurement result remain consistent. In this research the author will use Alpha Cronbach for the technique to measure reliability and determine whether this research instrument is reliable or not. Author will use SPSS 20 for windows to conduct this test. He defines how to examine for knowing if it’s reliable or not is when the coefficient reliability is (r11) > 0,6.

3.9.2 Validity

Validity indicates the extent that a questionnaire really measures what it is supposed to measure. It is important to determine the validity of a questionnaire as it reinforces the data produced from the data collection process. As a result, the survey results can be explained in greater confidence (Alnaggar & Aldowaisan, 2011).

According to Wyk, 2010, The variable is significant if the value of KMO is greater (>) than 0.5.

3.10 Data Analysis

The researcher is using SPSS 20 to process and calculate the validity and reliability of questionnaires. This research also uses Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) program to create a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to study the variables. The reason in using this method is to calculate the statistical amount according to quantitative data which often consist of response which are coded, categorized, and reduced to number, for statistical analysis purpose.