Ringkasan Materi
Soal-soal dan Pembahasan
B.INGGRIS
DAFTAR ISI
A. BAHASA INGGRIS
B. TEXT ...
4
C. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS ... 22
D. GRAMMAR ... 39
E. SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS ...
TEXT
A. Procedure
Teks
procedure
adalah teks yang bertujuan menerangkan bagaimana membuat atau
melakukan sesuatu berdasarkan serangkaian kegiatan atau langkah (
steps
).
Struktur teks procedure:
1. Aim/goal (tujuan): dapat berupa judul.
2. Materials: bahan dan alat yang diperlukan. Bagian ini dapat ditandai dengan “
You’ll
need
”, “
ingredients
”, atau
supplies needed
.
3. Steps: langkah-langkah untuk melakukan kegiatan. Bagian ini dapat diberi label “
what to
do
”
Ciri-ciri teks
procedure
:
• Menggunakan
simple present tense
, biasanya berbentuk kalimat imperatif.
• Menggunakan kata hubung temporal, seperti
first
,
second
,
then
,
next
,
finally
.
• Menggunakan
action verbs,
seperti
turn on, stir, cook.
Contoh Soal:
Read the following text and answer the questions.
Let’s make a colourful jigsaw card to send to your friend. You will need a colourful
picture from a magazine or one that you have painted, a piece of a card, a pen or pencil, glue,
and scissors.
First, paste your picture on to the card with some glue. Then, write your message on the
back of the card. Draw your wiggly jigsaw lines on the picture with your pen or pencil. After
that, cut out along the wiggly lines so that your picture is in jigsaw pieces. Finally, jumble
them up, put them in an envelope and send it to your friend.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To tell how to make a colourful jigsaw card
b. To prepare everything to make a colourful jigsaw card
c. To show a colourful jigsaw card
d. To sell a colourful jigsaw card
e. To see a colourful jigsaw card
B. Recount
Teks
recount
bercerita tentang kejadian atau peristiwa yang telah berlalu/lampau,
biasanya tentang pengalaman pribadi penulis.
Struktur teks recount:
1. Orientation (orientasi) :
berisi pendahuluan tentang tokoh dalam cerita tersebut, peristiwa yang terjadi, tempat dan waktu
terjadinya peristiwa tersebut.2. Events: berisi jalinan peristiwa/kejadian yang ada dalam cerita
pengalaman tersebut.3. Re-orientation: berisi rangkuman atau penutup cerita.
Ciri-ciri teks
recount:
• Menggunakan past tense• Menggunakan kata hubung (
conjunctions
), seperti then,
before, after
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions. Dear Rossa,
I am a guy, twenty-eight years old. I have a problem with a girl friend. She is twenty five years old. We have been dating each other for years, since we were high school students. Now we have jobs. I feel very sure that we love each other. Now it is time for me to get married. Unfortunately, her parents never approve of our relationship ever since the very first time. My family, anyhow, does not really mind. At first I thought my girl friend had the power to defend our love. But then she surrendered. She loves me and she loves her family, too. On the one hand she said, “I’ll be happy if my family is happy.” It means she had to get approval from her parents.
For this, I was shocked. My heart was broken. She ended our relationship just at the time when I was ready to marry her. When I was with her, we were very happy. We had a lot in common and there were no conflicts. The truth was, we separated only because of her parents. They want her to marry her cousin, her aunt’s son (this is one of the traditions in the Karonese).
For the time being I am very upset. When I miss her I call her. Then we can eat together, talk together for hours. We act like elating because she loves me, too. The real problem is, she cannot refuse what her parents want.
So, should I forget my girl friend, the only one that I truly love? Or else, should I just wait, and dream that one day she will be back to me?
Rio N., Padang Dear Rio,
You call her your girl friend, but she has chosen her own way. For this reason I’d, say that there is nothing you can do except forget her and go on with your normal life. Hopefully you can find another and live happily forever.
Rossa
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that
a. the writer wants to get married b. the writer has been dating for years
e. the writer’s parents disapprove of his relationship Pembahasan
Main idea dapat ditemukan di awal paragraf. Di awal paragraf penulis memperkenalkan diri dan menyebutkan masalahnya: I am a guy, twenty-eight years old. I have a problem with a girl friend.
(Jawaban: c)
2. Why do the girl’s parents disapprove of their marriage? Because ... a. they don’t like Rio. d. they keep the Karonese tradition.
b. the girl is still studying. e. the girl has chosen another guy. c. Rio is from a different ethnic group.
Pembahasan
Di paragraf ke-3 disebutkan mengapa orangtua perempuan tidak merestui mereka untuk menikah: They want her to marry her cousin, her aunt’s son (this is one of the traditions in the Karonese). Alasannya karena mereka mempertahankan tradisi orang Karo (keep the karonese tradition).
(Jawaban: d)
C. Narrative
Teks narrative adalah teks yang menceritakan sesuatu yang imajinatif atau khayalan belaka. Tujuannya untuk menghibur (entertaining/amusing) pembaca.
Struktur teks narrative:
1. Orientation (pendahuluan cerita): memperkenalkan tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita, latar dan waktu.
2. Complication: munculnya permasalahan di antara tokoh-tokoh tersebut. 3. Resolution: masalah dapat diatasi
4. Re-orientation (optional)
Ciri-ciri teks narrative:
• Menggunakan past tense.
• Biasanya dimulai dengan adverbs of time (kata keterangan waktu), seperti long time ago, once upon a time, in a faraway land.
• Menggunakan kata hubung (conjunctions), seperti then, after that, before. Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could not swim. He had an idea. He saw a boss of crocodile swimming in the river. The rabbit asked the boss of crocodile, “How many crocodiles are there in the river?” The boss of crocodile answered, “We are twenty here.” “Where are they?” the rabbit asked for the second time. “What is it for?” the boss of crocodile asked.
“All of you are good, nice, gentle and kind, so I want to make a line in order. Later I will know how kind you are,” said the rabbit. Then, the boss of the crocodile called all his friends and asked them to make a line in order from one side to the other side of the river. Just then, the rabbit started to count while jumping from one crocodile to another: one ... two ... three ... four ... until twenty, and finally, he thanked all crocodiles because he had crossed the river.
1. The story mainly tells us about ...
a. twenty crocodiles d. a rabbit and the boss of crocodile
b. the boss of the crocodile e. the boss of the crocodile and all his friends c. a rabbit and twenty crocodiles
Secara keseluruhan cerita tersebut menceritakan seekor kelinci dan dua puluh ekor buaya.
(Jawaban: c)
2. We know from the first paragraph that the rabbit actually wanted ...
a. to cross the river. d. to know where the crocodiles are.
b. to swim across the river. e. to know the number of crocodiles there. c. to meet the boss of crocodil
Pembahasan
Di awal paragraf pertama ada kalimat Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could not swim. (Jawaban: a)
3. All of you are good, nice, gentle, and kind ...” (Paragraph 2)
The underlined word is synonymous with ...
a. wild b. diligent c. cheerful d. easygoing e. honourable Pembahasan
Gentle: lembut, tenang Wild: buas Diligent: rajin Cheerful: ceria Easygoing: tenang Honourable: terhormat
Jadi, sinonim kata gentle adalah easygoing. (Jawaban: d) D. Descriptive
Teks descriptive adalah teks yang bertujuan mendekripsikan suatu benda, tempat, atau orang tertentu.
Struktur teks descriptive:
1. Identification (identifikasi): pendahuluan tentang apa atau siapa yang akan dideskripsikan.
2. Description (deskripsi): berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat atau orang yang deskripsikan.
Ciri-ciri teks descriptive:
• Menggunakan simple present tense
• Menggunakan attribute verb, seperti be (am, is, are) Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Gunung Tujuh Lake is one of the many lakes in Kabupaten Kerinci in Jambi province. It is an amazing tourist place to visit. The location of Gunung Tujuh Lake is in Kecamatan Kayu Aro. It is about 50 km from Sungai Penuh to Pelompek village by public transport. Then people climb and walk for another 4 km or for 2.5 hours.
The lake is surrounded by steep forest slopes and seven mountains. The highest peak of Gunung Tujuh Lake is 1,950 m above sea level. The length of the lake is 4,5 km and the width is 3 km. It is a volcanic lake and the highest in Southeast Asia.
The temperature around the lake is very cold. Besides waterfalls you can also find animals such as siamangs, elephants and birds. Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery.
1. What does the text mainly talk about?
a. Amazing tourist resorts in Jambi. d. Steep forest slopes in Jambi. b. Gunung Tujuh Lake in Jambi. e. Waterfalls in Jambi.
c. Volcanic lakes in Jambi. Pembahasan
Topik sebuah teks dapat ditemukan di awal teks: Gunung Tujuh Lake is one of the many lakes in Kabupaten Kerinci in Jambi province.
(Jawaban: b)
a. Gunung Tujuh Lake is a beautiful tourist resort
b. the location of Gunung Tujuh Lake is difficult to reach c. Gunung Tujuh Lake is the only lake in Sumatera d. tourists from Southeast Asia visit this beautiful lake e. the animals are more attractive than the lake itself Pembahasan
Ide pokok teks di atas terdapat di akhir paragraf: Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery. (Jawaban: a)
3. Which statement is TRUE according to the text?
a. The lake is 3 km long.
b. Gunung Tujuh Lake is not a volcanic lake.
c. Gunung Tujuh Lake is 4.5 km away from Sungai Penuh.
d. There are steep forest slopes and seven mountains around the lake. e. Siamangs are the only animals that can be found in Gunung Tujuh Lake.
PembahasanDi dalam teks terdapat kalimat: The lake is surrounded by steep forest slopes and seven mountains.(Jawaban: d)4. “Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery.”The underlined word means ... a. amusing b. remarkable c. lovely d. pretty e. touchingPembahasanSpectacular: menakjubkan
Amusing: menghibur Remarkable: menakjubkanLovely: indah Pretty: cantik
Touching: menyentuh (Jawaban: b)E. News ItemTeks news item adalah teks yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca, pendengar, atau
penonton mengenai peristiwa yang terjadi pada hari tersebut yang dianggap penting untuk diberitakan.Struktur teks news item:1. Newsworthy event (peristiwa yang diberitakan): menceritakan peristiwa secara ringkas2. Background events (latar belakang peristiwa): menceritakan apa yang terjadi, kepada siapa, dalam kondisi seperti apa.3. Sources (sumber): komentar dari pihak yang terlibat, saksi mata, dan pihak yang berwenang.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.The police thought that two burglars started the robbery at 151 Pattimura street on Sunday afternoon. The burglars broke into the students’ room while they were going to a football game. They never thought that while they were away, burglars would break into their boarding house.
1. What happened to the students’ room on Sunday afternoon?
a. The police broke it. c. Burglars broke it. e. The students started to ruin it. b. The police ruined it. d. Two burglars broke into it.
Pembahasan
Teks di atas memberi informasi tentang dua orang pencuri (two burglars) masuk ke kamar kos ketika penghuninya sedang pergi. (Jawaban: d)
2. The burglars broke into the room when the students ...
a. were at a party c. were playing football e. were watching football on TV b. were taking a rest d. were at a football game
Pembahasan
Perhatikan kalimat kedua: The burglars broke into the students’ room while they
were going to a football game. (Jawaban: d)
3. “The burglars broke into the students room ...” The underlined phrase means ... a. broke forcefully c. put into pieces e. came into
Pembahasan
Broke into artinya masuk secara paksa. (Jawaban: b) F. Report
Teks report adalah teks yang mendeskripsikan sesuatu/benda-benda secara umum, misalnya berbagai benda/fenomena alam, buatan, dan sosial yang ada atau terjadi di lingkungan kita.
Struktur teks report:
1. General classification(klasifikasi umum): pengantar tentang sesuatu/fenomena yang akan dibahas.
2. Description (deskripsi): meneraangkan sesuatu/fenomena yang dibahas, meliputi bagian-bagian, kualitas, dan perilaku
Ciri-ciri teks report:
• Menggunakan simple present tense
• Menggunakan action verbs, seperti surround, make, begin, dan lain-lain.
13
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is a strange looking animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a long nose, the trunk. The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them into its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very-clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly. The elephant is a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength makes it a very useful servant to man and it can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight.
1. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that ...
a. elephants are strong c. elephants are servants e. elephants must be trained b. elephants can lift logs d. elephants are very useful
Pembahasan
Paragraf ketiga menjelaskan bahwa jika dilatih, gajah sangat berguna (useful) karena dapat membantu pekerjaan manusia. (Jawaban: d)
2. Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first paragraph?
a. It looks strange. b. It is heavy. c. It is wild. d. It has a trunk. e. It has a small tail.
Pembahasan
Satu hal yang tidak dijelaskan di dalam teks adalah bahwa gajah adalah binatang buas (wild).
(Jawaban: c)
3. It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following, EXCEPT ...
a. to eat b. to push c. to drink d. to carry things e. to squirt water over the body Pembahasan
Kegunaan belalai dijelaskan di paragraf kedua. Belalai gajah tidak digunakan untuk mendorong (push). (Jawaban: b)
14
Teks analytical exposition bertujuan membujuk pembaca agar menyetujui argumentasi penulis dengan memberikan argumentasi dan analisis.
Struktur teks analytical exposition:
1. Thesis statement: pendapat awal penulis 2. Arguments: argumentasi dan alasan 3. Reiteration: penguatan argumentasi
Teks berupa analytical exposition dapat ditemukan dalam kolom opini media massa. Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
University of Cambridge
Do you plan to study abroad? Don’t hesitate. Welcome to Cambridge University. Cambridge University, an institution of higher education, is the second oldest university in Great Britain after the University of Oxford. It is located in the city of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge is a system of faculties, departments, and 31 independent colleges. You know, although the colleges and the university per se are separate corporations, all are parts of an integrated educational entity. The university examines candidates for degrees during their residencies and at the conclusion of their studies. The colleges provide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors, and offer social, cultural, and athletic activities. Every student at the University of Cambridge is a member of a college. Let’s see its academic year. The academic year is divided into three terms of approximately eight weeks each: Michaelmas (autumn), Lent (late winter), and Easter (spring). Students required to study under supervisor are usually members of the college’s faculties who maintain close relationships with small groups of students in their charge and assist them in preparing for university exams.
1. The author’s purpose of writing the text is ... a. to review a particular education system b. to commemorate a particular college c. to define a particular academic year d. to explain a particular way to study
e. to persuade by presenting arguments about a particular institution
Pembahasan
Perhatikan paragraf pertama. Do you plan to study abroad? Don’t hesitate. Welcome to Cambridge University. Dalam teks ini penulis mencoba membujuk (persuade) pembaca agar tertarik dengan University of Cambridge. (Jawaban: e)
2. The second paragraph tells the readers about ...
a. an integrated educational entity. d. the examination for candidates’ degrees. a. social activities in the university. e. the criteria for the membership of the
university.
c. the system in Cambridge University. Pembahasan
Di bagian awal terdapat pernyataan .... all are parts of an integrated educational entity.
(Jawaban: a)
3. “The colleges provide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors and offer ...” (Paragraph 2).
The underlined word means ...
b. places offered for doing some business e. rooms rented to stay in c. spaces needed for discussion
Pembahasan
Lodgings berarti asrama atau kamar yang disewa untuk tinggal. (Jawaban: e) H. Hortatory exposition
Teks hortatory exposition bertujuan untuk membujuk pembaca atau pendengar terhadap sesuatu yang seharusnya disetujui atau tidak disetujui.
Struktur teks hortatory exposition:
1. Thesis statement: menyatakan pendapat 2. Arguments: alasan penulis
3. Recommendation: saran atau sikap penulis terhadap isu tersebut.
Teks berupa hortatory exposition dapat ditemukan dalam rubrik opini di media massa.
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Many people now have a card which enables them to withdraw money from a cash dispenser. You feed your card into the machine and key in your PIN (Personnel Identification Number) and the amount of money you want. If you have enough in your account, the money requested will be issued to you up to a dairy limit. Your account is automatically debited for the amount your have drawn. Provided you have a sound credit, you can get a credit card from a bank and other financial institutions. To obtain goods or services, you present your card and sign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit card company pays the trader (less a commission) and then sends you a monthly statement. Depending on the type of card you have, you will either-have to pay in full or be able to pay part of what is owed and pay interest on the balance; left outstanding. If you need to make fixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, you can arrange a standing order (sometimes known as a banker’s order) so that the bank will do this for you.
1. The main purpose of the writer is to ...
a. give the reader information about bank service b. persuade the readers to have a credit card c. check the customers’ account
d. explain to the reader how to use PIN
e. explain to the customers how to pay the employee’s salaries Pembahasan
Secara keseluruhan penulis mengajak pembaca untuk memiliki kartu kredit dengan menyebutkan alasan-alasannya. (Jawaban: b)
2. Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?
a. The credit card company pays the traders.
b. The credit card company sends you a monthly statement.
c. Banks and other financial institutions offer us credit cards to get goods and services.
d. Other financial institutions help the banks to provide credit cards, e. A voucher is the only way to buy goods.
To obtain goods or services,.... (Jawaban : c)I. SpoofTeks spoof adalah teks yang bertujuan menceritakan cerita lucu.Struktur teks spoof:1. Orientation: siapa saja tokoh yang terlibat, kapan dan di mana kejadiannya2. Events: kronologis cerita3. Twist: bagian lucu dalam cerita tersebut Teks spoof dapat ditemukan dalam kolom humor/lelucon di media massa.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.He was a young father, wheeling the pram trough the garden while the baby was screaming its head off. “Take it easy, Jason,” he said calmly, “There’s nothing to worry about.” A middle-aged woman noticed his soothing manner and marveled at the new breed of young husband.When the baby screamed even louder she heard him say,” Cool it, Jason, don’t get excited, lad, cool it soon.”Touched by his gentle manner the woman leaned into the pram and cooed, “There, there, Jason. What’s bothering you?”“Excuse me, lady,” said the father, “That’s Jeremy, I’m Jason.”
1. Jason was the name of ….
a. the baby c. the woman e. the middles-aged woman b. the father d. the old woman
Pembahasan
Perhatikan kalimat di akhir cerita tersebut: “Excuse me, lady,” said the father, “That’s Jeremy, I’m Jason.” Jason adalah nama ayah bayi. (Jawaban: b)
2. The twist of the text above is ….
a. when the young father took his baby for a walk b. when the baby cried loudly
c. when the woman looked at him
d. when the woman tried to help the man e. when the man explained about their names Pembahasan
Twist merupakan bagian yang lucu di dalam cerita, yaitu ketika ayah bayi menjelaskan tentang nama mereka. (Jawaban: e)
J. Explanation
Teks explanation bertujuan menjelaskan proses dalam bidang sains dan teknik, termasuk bagan dan diagram.
Struktur teks explanation:
1. General statement: gambaran secara umum mengenai topik yang akan dibicarakan
2. Sequenced explanation: urutan penjelasan mengenai topik yang sedang dibicarakan
3. Closing: penutup, dapat berupa kesimpulan
Teks explanation dapat dalam buku pelajaran, buku pengetahuan, dan materi presentasi.
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blanded to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
1. The text is about ...
a. the cacao tree c. the raw chocolate e. the flavour of chocolate b. b. the cacao beans d. the making of chocolate
Pembahasan
Secara keseluruhan teks tersebut menjelaskan tentang proses pembuatan cokelat.(Jawaban: d)
2. The third paragraph focuses on ...
a. the process of producing chocolate d. the chocolate liquor b. how to produce the cocoa flavour e. the cacao fruit
c. where chocolate comes from Pembahasan
Paragraf ketiga menjelaskan tahapan pembuatan cokelat. Tahapan atau proses tersebut dipaparkan dengan menggunakan kata hubung, seperti next, then. (Jawaban: a)
K. Discussion
Teks discussion adalah teks yang bertujuan memberikan informasi dan opini mengenai satu atau lebih pandangan sebuah isu atau masalah (pros and cons).
Struktur teks discussion:
1. Opening statement: kalimat pembuka yang menghadirkan isu yang akan dibahas
2. Arguments: argumen atau alasan dari berbagai sudut pandang 3. Conclusion: kesimpulan
4. Recommendation: saran atau sikap penulis terhadap isu tersebut Teks discussion dapat berupa artikel dalam surat kabar.
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Two students were discussing the school’s new rule that all the students must wear a cap and a tie. One of them showed her annoyance. She said that wearing a cap and a tie was only suitable for a flag rising ceremony. So, she was against the rule. Contrary to the girl’s opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn’t mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie will make the students look great and like real educated persons. The first student gave the reasons that they would feel uncomfortable and hot. Moreover, the classrooms were not air conditioned. The second said it wasn’t a big problem. He was sure that the students would wear them proudly. They would surely be used to it any way.
1. The two students are discussing ...
a. the facilities in school c. their uniform e. their family b. their homework d. their friends
Perhatikan kalimat di awal paragraf di atas : Two students were discussing the school’s new rule that all the students must wear a cap and a tie. Topi dan dasi merupakan bagian dari seragam.
(Jawaban: c)
2. The boy said that he agreed with the new rule in his school. Which statement shows his agreement?
a. He was not annoyed.
b. He would not obey the rule. c. He didn’t care of the rule.
d. He didn’t like wearing a cap and tie. e. He didn’t mind wearing a cap and tie.
Pembahasan
Anak laki-laki tersebut tidak keberatan untuk memakai topi dan dasi : He said that he didn’t mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie ....
(Jawaban: e) L. Review
Teks review bertujuan mengkritik sebuah karya atau kejadian dan disampaikan kepada publik.
Struktur teks review:
a. Orientation: informasi awal di dalam teks
b. Interpretative recount: rangkuman mengenai suatu karya atau kejadian seni c. Evaluation: kesimpulan
d. Evaluative summation: pendapat akhir yang berisi pujian atau kritikan terhadap karya seni yang bersangkutan
Contoh Soal:
Read the text and answer the questions.
In The Last Empereor, director Bernando Bertolucci not only gives us a fascinating history lesson but also a compelling human drama. It is the story of Pu Yi, who came to throne in 1908 at the age of 2. The performances are outstanding and the movie is spectacular in every way. The three hours fly by, and the audience is left feeling they have gotten to know a great country and sensitive, unusual human.
Don’t see The Last Emperor if you’re expecting a history lesson. Bertoluci’s epic about the rise and fall Pu Yi is hard to follow and confusing at times. But he has done a remarkable job of potraying the Chinese culture, and he has captured China in stunningly beautiful images. There are some touching scenes, such as when the young Pu Yi’s nurse is taken from him. Unfortunately, tthe movie is too long and tends to drag on times.
Bernando Bertoluci is a talented director. Why he made The Last Emperor is a mystery. True, the
scenery and costumes are nice. But the main character is
passive and dull. He simply watches his life go by. You’d expect a film which
covers 60 years of history to be exciting. But the 3 hours of
The Last
Emperor
drag on forever. At last, the film is consistent—consistently boring.
1. Who is Pu Yi?
a. a director. b. an ordinary boy. c. a nurse. d. a king. e. a historian. Pembahasan
2. What is the writer’s opinion about the film?
a. It is interesting. c. It is exciting. e. It is amazing. b. It is boring. d. It is surprising.
Pembahasan
Di akhir teks, penulis mengungapkan: At last, the film is consistent—consistently boring.
(Jawaban: b)
B. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
A. InvitingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengundang, antara lain: • Would you like to ...?
• Shall we ...? • Won’t you ...?
• Do you feel like to ...? • Would you care to ...?
Contoh Soal: Mary : Hello.
John : Hi, Mary. This is John; Do you feel like going to a movie this evening? Marry : That sounds great, John. I haven’t been to a movie for a long time.
The underlined utterance expresses ...
a. intention. b. invitation. c. suggestion. d. permission. e. persuasion. Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas, John mengajak (invite) Mary pergi ke bioskop. (Jawaban: b) B. Accepting and declining an invitation
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menerima undangan, antara lain:
• Thank you. I’d like to very much. • It would be very nice to...
• Yes, I will. • I’d love to.
• We’d be delighted to
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menolak undangan, antara lain:
• I’m afraid I can’t. • Thank you, but ... • I’d love to but ... Contoh Soal:
1. Roby : We will have a party for my sister’s birthday next Sunday. Would you like to come, Ira?
Ira : I’d love to. It must be a wonderful party. The underlined expression is used to express ...
a. accepting an invitation c. invitation e. suggestion b. declining an invitation d. satisfaction
Pada dialog di atas, Ira menerima (accepting) undangan atau ajakan Roby. (Jawaban: a)
2. Tony : Hi. Andi, what about going to Agung’s birthday party tonight? Andi : I’m afraid I can’t. I am going somewhere with Dwi.
The underlined sentence is used to ...
a. decline an invitation c. agree to do something e. ask for an apology b. ask for permission d. express a surprise
Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas, Andi menolak (decline) ajakan Tony. (Jawaban: a) C. Showing sympathy
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan simpati, antara lain:
• I’m (very) sorry to hear that. • That’s a pity.
• Oh dear!
• I know how it feels. • I’m extremely sorry that. Contoh Soal:
1. X : Have you visited Bob? He got an accident last week. Y : Oh, poor Bob. I hope he’ll be better soon.
The underlined sentences expresses ...
a. sadness b. pleasure c. sympathy d. expectation e. satisfaction Pembahasan
Orang pertama mengatakan bahwa Bob mengalami kecelakaan. Kemudian, orang kedua mengungkapkan rasa simpatinya. (Jawaban: c)
2. X : Jane didn’t pass her exam. Y : Oh, I am sorry to hear that.
From the underlined words we know that the second speaker expresses her ... a. disappointment b. sympathy c. displeasure d. apology e. anger
Pembahasan
Orang pertama mengatakan bahwa jane tidak lulus ujian, kemudian orang kedua mengungkapkan simpatinya. (Jawaban: b)
D. Showing surprise
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan perasaan terkejut, antara lain:
• (Well), that’s very surprising! • Really?
• Are you serious? • You must be joking! • I find that very surprising Contoh Soal:
Mia : Mother, I’ve got a scholarship from Monash University in Australia. Mother : Thank God. It’s really unbelievable!
The underlined expression shows ...
a. anxiety b. surprise c. pleasure d. uncertainty e. satisfaction Pembahasan
E. Congratulating
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengucapkan selamat, antara lain:
• Congratulations! • Well done!
• It was great to hear .... • I must congratulate you. • Let me congratulate you.
Contoh Soal:
Ita: I won the story telling contest. Cahya:...
The best expression Cahya should say is ....
a. I’m sorry to hear that. c. I’m afraid. e. Thank you very much. b. Congratulations! d. Shall we go nnow?
Pembahasan
Ungkapan yang tepat untuk teman yang menang lomba adalah ucapan selamat (congratulations). (Jawaban: b)
F. Complementing
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk memuji, antara lain: • What ...(a charming dress)!
• That’s a very nice ...(coat)! • You’re looking good.
• I must say ...is very good. • If I may say so, ...is excellent. Contoh Soal:
Andri: What a charming dress! Asri: Thank you very much.
The underlined utterence expresses ....
a. Thanking b. Congratulating c. Compelling d. Persuading e. Encouraging Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas Andri memuji (compelling) gaun yang dikenakan Asri. (Jawaban: c)
G. Thanking
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk berterima kasih, antara lain: • Thank you.
• Many thanks for .... 27
• Thanks.
• Thanks a lot for .... • I’m very grateful to you.
Untuk merespons ucapan terima kasih dapat digunakan ungkapan-ungkapan, antara lain:
• Not at all. • It’s a pleasure.
• (Please) don’t mention it. • That’s all right.
Tourist : I’d love for a walk. I am going to the village of Paksa Bali. Which way is it?
Guide : Go up this road about one kilometer. You’ll get to the village of Paksa Bali.
Tourist : You’ve helped me a lot ... Guide : You’re welcome.
a. Bye-bye c. It’s very kind of you e. I’m very grateful to you b. You’re really smart d. We have a very good time
Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas, seorang turis bertanya arah kepada pemandu wisata. Karena sudah dibantu, turis pun merasa sangat berterima kasih (grateful) kepada pemandu tersebut. (Jawaban: e)
H. Asking and giving opinion
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menanyakan dan memberi pendapat, antara lain:
Asking for opinion
• What do you think about...? • What’s your opinion of ...? • What do you feel?
Giving your opinion
• I think ....
• In my opinion, ... • Don’t you think ...? • I’d say ....
• I’m convinced that.... 28
• What about ...?
• Have you got any comments on ...? Contoh Soal:
1. X : What do you think of the government liquidating several banks recently? Y : I’m a customer of the liquidated banks, so I’m unhappy with it.
The underlined utterence expresses ...
a. Asking for opinion b. Giving opinion c. Inviting d. Suggesting e. Advising Pembahasan
What do you think of... biasa digunakan untuk menanyakan pendapat (asking for opinion).
(Jawaban: a)
2. Toto : Science and technology has developed very fast. Do you think we are ready for that?
Tati : ....
a. Good it is interesting d. Frankly speaking, I disagree with you
b. Why not, Just behave yourself e. I’m not certain. The quality of our education is still low
c. Oh. marvelous. It great for you Pembahasan
Respons Tati yang tepat terhadap pertanyaan Toto yaitu keraguannya (not certain) mengenai hal yang ditanyakan. (Jawaban: e)
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa senang dan tidak senang, antara lain:
Saying you are pleased
• I’m very pleased with .... • How marvellous!
• Great!
• That’s terrific!
• I’m delighted to hear that.
Saying you are displeased • Oh no!
• Oh dear! • I really hate.... • I can’t stand it.
• This is extremely irritating.
Contoh Soal:Ria: Mom, I got good marks this semester.Mother: That’s terrific! Mother said that she is .... with Ria’s achievement.a. Pleased b. Displeased c. Unsatisfied d. Grateful e. Unhappy PembahasanIbu Ria mengungkapkan rasa senang (pleased) karena Ria memperoleh nilai yang bagus.(Jawaban: a)J. Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfactionUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa puas dan tidak puas, antara lain:Expressing satisfaction• I love it!• That’s quite good.• I’m satisfied with...• It’s really satisfyng.• I’m so glad with what you have done.Contoh Soal:Mr Halim: I’m not satisfied with the air conditioner in my room.Mr. Ahmad : We’re sorry, Sir. We will fix it soon.The underlined utterence shows ....a. Satisfaction b. Dissatisfaction c. Embarrasement d. Anxiety e. Fear PembahasanMr Halim menyatakan ketidakpuasannya (dissatisfaction) dengan AC di kamarnya. (Jawaban: b)K. Saying you are afraid, anxious and relievedUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa takut, cemas, dan lega, Expressing dissatisfaction• I’m not satisfied with ....• I’m dissatisfied with ....• That’s not good.• It’s not very nice.• I’m not happy with that.
antara lain:
Saying you are afraid or anxious
• I’m afraid ....
• I’m worried about .... • I’m frightened.... • I’m scared ....
• I’m very concerned about .... Contoh Soal:
Lucky: She’ll be fine, Mom.
The suitable expression to fill in the blank is ....
a. Where is your sister? c. I’m not satisfied with your sister. e. I’m embarrassed. b. I’m worried about your sister. d. What about your sister?
Pembahasan
Ibu Ira merasa cemas (worried) karena anak perempuannya belum pulang. (Jawaban: b)
L. Expressing loves/likes and dislikes
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa suka dan tidak suka, antara lain:
Expressing likes
• I like/love .... • I really enjoy .... • I really go for .... • I’m very fond of ....
• What I particularly enjoy is .... Contoh Soal:
Andi : It seems that you enjoy listening to ‘dangdut’ music.
Saying you are relieved
• That’s a relief. • What a relief! • Thank God for .... • It’s a great relief.
• I’m very glad to hear about....
Expressing dislikes
• I don’t like .... • I’ve never liked ... • Oh, how awful!
• I have to admit I rather dislike .... • I must say I’m not too fond of ....
Agus : You’re right ...
a. I dislike it. c. I hate ‘dangdut’. e. I like ‘dangdut’ very much. b. It makes me sick. d. I am annoyed with it.
Pembahasan
Andi mengatakan, It seems that you enjoy.... Agus begitu menikmati musik dangdut, berarti dia menyukai (like) lagu dangdut. (Jawaban: e)
M. Expressing sadness and pain
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa sedih dan terluka, antara lain:
Expressing sadness
• I‘m so upset about it. Contoh Soal:
X : Hi, Nina! What’s up? Why do you look so sad? Y : I’ve got a terrible headache. It’s really painful. X : Oh, poor you ...?
The underlined sentence expresses ....
a. Sadness b. Pain c. Fear d. Relief e. Happiness Pembahasan
Ungkapan it’s really painful biasa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan rasa sakit (pain). (Jawaban: b)
N. Saying you are annoyed and embarrassed
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa jengkel dan malu, antara lain:
Saying you are annoyed
• I’m very annoyed • It annoys me.
• It really makes me angry.
Expressing pain
• It’s really painful. • It hurts me so bad. • I’m suffered from....
• What a pain I should endure
Saying you are embarrassed
• How embarrassing! • What a shame! • I’m really ashamed. • It makes me red.
• It is extremely annoying. Contoh Soal:
Aryo: Turn off the music! .... Riska: OK. I’m sorry.
What should Aryo said to Riska?
a. What a shame! b. It annoys me. c. It’s good. d. Well done! e. Thanks.
Pembahasan
Suara musik Riska mengganggu (annoys) Aryo, sehingga Aryo meminta Riska untuk mematikannya. (Jawaban: b)
O. Giving advice and warning
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk memberikan nasihat dan peringatan, antara lain:
Giving advice
• I think you should .... • If I were you, I’d .... • You’d better .... • I would advise ....
1. Tia : You look so sad. What has happened to you?
Mia :My mother was angry because I came home late last night.
Tia : Don’t be sad. You’d better ask for her apology and admit that you’ve done a mistake.
From the dialogue we know that Tia gives ... to Mia.
a. an idea b. advice c. an opinion d. a surprise e. information
• I don’t think I can stand to see him/her.
• That is the most embarrassing moment in my life.
Warning someone
• Look out! • Be careful! • Watch out!
• Make sure you ...
• I would be extremely careful of ... if I were you.
Pembahasan
Tia menasehati (giving advice) Mia untuk meminta maaf kepada ibunya. Penggunaan ‘d better menunjukkan memberi nasehat. (Jawaban: b)
2. Ina : Why are you sleepy in class?
Ines : Do I look sleepy, Na? I am not sleepy, but I have a painful stomach ache. Ina : You should go to the doctor. Come on, I’ll accompany you.
The underlined words express ...
a. disagreement b. satisfaction c. obligation d. offering e. advice Pembahasan
Ines sakit perut. Ina menasehatinya untuk pergi ke dokter. Kata should dapat menunjukkan bahwa Ina memberi nasihat kepada Ina. (Jawaban: e)
P. Complaining
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengeluhkan sesuatu, antara lain:
• I want to complain about .... • This is most unsatisfactory. • I’m sorry to say this, but.... • Would you please not....? • I’m not at all satisfied with .... Contoh Soal:
Mrs Nia: I’m sorry to say this, but there is no dustbin available here.
Mr. Wahyu: We’re very sorry, ma’am. We’ll make it available immediately. Thank you.
What utterence did Mrs Nia express?
Pembahasan
Mrs Nia mengeluhkan (complaining) tidak tersedianya tempat sampah di sekitar tempat itu kepada Mr Wahyu. (Jawaban: d)
Q. Expressing possibilities and impossibilities
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin dan tidak mungkin, antara lain:
Expressing possibility
• Perhaps/Probably/maybe • I expect ....
• ...is going ro .... • It looks like ...
• I assume/believe .... Contoh Soal:
Student A : Is man able to find an efficient way to convert the heat of the sun into energy?
Student B: ... because a lot of experiments have been done, and the result is quite-positive.
a. It’s quite improbable b. It’s out of the question c. I don’t think it is possible d. There is always a chance e. There’s no certainty of it
Pembahasan
Student B menyatakan kemungkinan bagi manusia untuk mengubah panas matahari menjadi energi. Ungkapan yang tepat yaitu There is always a chance. (Jawaban: d)
R. Admitting and regretting mistakes
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengakui dan menyesali kesalahan, antara lain:
• Sorry, you are right
• Yes, perhaps I’m wrong there. • My mistake, ...
• Yes, I must admit you are right. • I may have been error over .... Contoh Soal:
Aris : You said that Tari Pendet is from Java. In fact, it is from Bali.
Expressing impossibility • I don’t think.... • It’s not probable .... • It’s unlikely.... • Probably not!
• It’s very doubtful ....
Ayu : ...
The suitable response from Ayu is ....
a. I’m satisfied with your answer. c. I’m sorry to hear that. e. I like it very much. b. Sorry, you are right. d. Well done.
Pembahasan
(Jawaban: b) S. Promising
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan janji, antara lain: • I promise you ....
• Take my words.... • I will ....
• I swear ....
• You can keep my words. Contoh soal:
Ajeng: Do you promise to pick me at seven? Rudi: .... I’ll be there on time.
The suitable expression is ....
a. I agree b. I don’t agree c. I promise you d. I see e. I do Pembahasan
Untuk menyatakan janji, ungkapan I promise you dapat digunakan. (Jawaban: c)
T. Expressing curiosity
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan keingintahuan, antara lain:
• I wonder ...?
• Can someone tell me ...? • I wish I knew ....
• If only I knew ....
• I’d particularly like to know ....
Contoh Soal:
Susi: Yesterday, there was a landslide in Ciwidey. Okta: How awful! ...how many victims are there?
a. I knew it b. I agree c. I saw it d. I wonder e. I heard about it Pembahasan
Setelah mendengar bencana longsor di Ciwidey, Okta merasa ingin tahu mengenai korban bencana tersebut. Ungkapan I wonder adalah yang paling tepat. (Jawaban: d)
U. Persuading
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk membujuk, antara lain: • Won’t you ..., please?
• Please let me .... • Why don’t you ...?
• How can I persuade you to .... Contoh Soal:
Dina: Dad, please let me to go with my friends tonight. Father: No, Dina. I won’t let you go at night.
What expression did Dina say?
a. Promising b. Persuading c. Advising d. Complaining e. Complementing Pembahasan
Ungkapan please let me biasa digunakan untuk membujuk (persuading) seseorang. (Jawaban: b)
V. Encouraging
• Well done! Now .... • No! You’re doing fine! • Don’t give up!
• I’m right behind you!
• We feel you should go ahead.
Contoh Soal:
Lukman: I’m sorry. I’m almost disappointed everyone. Tari: No, you’re doing fine!
Tari is trying to ... Lukman.
a. Congratulate b. Persuade c. Encourage d. Help e. Advise Pembahasan
Lukman merasa putus asa karena telah mengecewakan semua orang. Tari mencoba untuk memberi semangat (to encourage) kepadanya. (Jawaban: c) W. Requesting
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk meminta sesuatu atau bantuan, antara lain:
• Could you ..., please? • Do you mind ...? • Can you ...? • May I ...?
• Would it be possible for you to ...? Contoh Soal:
1. Dito : Excuse me ...,?
Diah : Oh, of course. Here it is!
a. Can you help me c. Could you do me a favor e. Would you mind opening the door
b. Could you do this me d. May I borrow your dictionary Pembahasan
Dari dialog di atas, Dito meminta barang kepada Diah karena Diah mengatakan
here it is. Ungkapan yang tepat, yaitu May I borrow your dictionary. (Jawaban: d)
2. Rita : Excuse me! ... to help you turn the radio off? Mr. Hasni : Yes, please. Thank you very much indeed.
a. Is it possible for me c. Can you order me e. Can you ask me b. Would you like me d. Is it okay for me
Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas, Rita menawarkan bantuan untuk mematikan radio. Ungkapan yang tepat, yaitu Would you like me. (Jawaban: b)
X. Expressing wishes or hopes
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan harapan, antara lain:
• I hope .... • I wish .... • Hopefully .... • Let’s hope .... • We must hope .... Contoh Soal:
Adi: I hope so.
What do they express?
a. Fear b. Anxiety c. Relief d. Hope e. Annoyance Pembahasan
Pada dialog di atas, Diki dan Adi berbicara tentang harapan (hope) mereka lulus ujian. (Jawaban: d)
Y. Showing attitude
Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan sikap, antara lain: • Yes, I agree.
• I have no objection ... • That’s quite true. • I think I’d accept .... • Oh, I don’t agree.
• I’m afraid I can’t accept.
Contoh Soal:Husband : Our car always troubles me.Wife : Why don’t you sell it and buy a new one?Husband : Well. I don’t have any objection to your idea as long as we can afford it.In the dialogue the husband expresses ... a. sympathy b. capability c. agreement d. intolerance e. pleasurePembahasanPada dialog di atas, husband
menyatakan sikapnya dengan menyetujui (agree) dengan apa yang dikatakan oleh istrinya. (Jawaban: c)
C.
GRAMMAR
1. Simple past tenseSimple past tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan atau menceritakan peristiwa/kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.Pola kalimat:(+) Contoh:• Tika came to the party yesterday. • She read that book last week.
• He didn’t accept the letter. • Did they join the group?
Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain: yesterday, two days ago, last week/month year.Contoh Soal:1. Yesterday I didn’t go to the theatre. I ... my mother cook. a. help b. helping c. helped d. will help e. was
helpedPembahasan:Keterangan waktu dalam kalimat tersebut adalah yesterday, kata kerja yang tepat yaitu dalam bentuk past, yaitu helped. (Jawaban: c)2. Simple future tenseSimple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau keadaan yang akan terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.Pola kalimat:• Subject + shall/will + Object• Subject + to be + going to + infinitive +
objectContoh :• I will go to the zoo tomorrow. • She is going to buy a new book next month.Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain besok (tomorrow), minggu depan (next week), bulan depan (next month), tahun depan (next
year).Contoh Soal:Rita and her family ... to Pelabuhan Ratu next month.a. Go b. Went c. Have gone d. Are going e. Are going to goPembahasanKeterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam kalimat di atas, yaitu next month yang berarti kejadian yang akan datang. Bentuk predikatnya to be + going to + go. (Jawaban: e)
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kegiatan yang telah berakhir atau selesai.
Pola kalimat:
Subject + have/has + past participle
Contoh:
• I have worked here since 2005.
• Mother has baked the cake for 15 minutes. • She hasn’t finished her work.
• Have you gone to Makasar?
Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain for ..., since ..., yet, already. Contoh Soal:
She .... in this city for two months.
a. Have lived b. Has lived c. Live d. Lives e. Is living Pembahasan
Keterangan waktu pada kalimat di atas, yaitu for two months. Bentuk predikatnya has + past participle. (Jawaban: b)
4. Prepositions
Preposition atau kata depan biasanya ditempatkan sebelum kata benda (noun) atau kata ganti (pronouns).
Contoh prepositions:
At, on, by, before, in (menunjukkan waktu tertentu) • At night
• On 6 May • By Monday
• In timeFrom, since, for, during (menunjukkan rentang waktu tertentu) • From seven to eight
• Since yesterday • For two months
• During the rainy season
Contoh Soal:She has been a policewoman ... last year.a. At b. In c. For d. From e. SincePembahasanPreposition (kata depan) yang tepat di antara kelima pilihan adalah since (sejak) sehingga kalimat di atas mangandung arti: Dia telah menjadi polwan sejak tahun lalu. (Jawaban: e)5. AdverbsAdverbs atau kata keterangan dalam sebuah kalimat harus ditempatkan dengan tepat. Adverbs of time atau keterangan waktu ditempatkan di awal atau akhir kalimat.Contoh:• I saw Mr. Nugraha yesterday.• On Sunday I go swimming.Adverbs of frequency (often, usually, generally, rarely, ever, etc) ditempatkan sebelum main verb (kata kerja utama/predikat) di dalam kalimat, kecuali main verb-nya berupa to be.Contoh:• He
never comes to class late.• She is always late for class?Dalam kalimat yang memiliki auxiliary verbs, adverbs of frequency ditempatkan setelah auxiliary verbs, sebelum main verb.
Contoh:
• He has never come late to class. • We don’t usually eat in the cafeteria. Contoh Soal
Re-arrange the following words.
Always – we – foot – on – go – school – to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
b. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 6 d. 2 – 5 – 7 – 6 – 4 – 3 – 1 Pembahasan
Perhatikan kaidah bahwa dalam kalimat yang memiliki auxiliary verbs, adverbs of frequency ditempatkan setelah auxiliary verbs, sebelum main verb. (Jawaban: c)
6. Conditional sentences
Conditonal sentences merupakan kalimat pengandaian. Bentuk-bentuknya, antara lain sebagai berikut:
a. If + Subject + present tense, Subject + future tense
If she goes, I will go.
Real condition: she will probably go or not, so I will probably go or not. b. If + subject + past tense, Subject + past future
If you called me, I would wait for you.
Real condition: you don’t call me, so I don’t wait for you.
c. If + Subject + past perfect, Subject + future past perfect If he had exercised a lot, he would have won the competition.
Real condition: he didn’t exercise a lot, so he didn’t win the competition.
Contoh Soal:If I were rich, I would buy a car.
It means that ...a. I am rich, so I will buy a car. d. I am poor, so I won’t buy a car.b. I am rich, but I won’t buy a car. e. I am poor, but I will buy a car.c. I am rich, so I would buy a car. PembahasanKalimat di atas artinya: jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli mobil. Pada kenyataannya, saya miskin sehingga saya tidak akan membeli mobil. (Jawaban: d)7. Relative clauseRelative clause merupakan klausa dependen yang berfungsi menerangkan kata benda sehingga didapat informasi yang jelas mengenai benda tersebut. Untuk menghubungkan antar klausa digunakan kata penghubung, seperti that, which, who, whom, dan whose. Berikut adalah contoh relative clause.• The woman who wears the red dress is my aunt. • This is the bicycle that my father bought me yesterday.• The man whom we met is my father’s friend.• The family whose house is in front of the our house is our relatives.• These are the cookies which my mother gives us.Contoh Soal:Do you know Audri ... writing was presented yesterday?a. Who b. Whom c. That d. Which e. WhosePembahasanRelative clause pada kalimat di atas dimulai dengan kata benda writing. Oleh karena itu, kata penghubung yang tepat adalah
whose. (Jawaban: e)8. Passive sentence Passive sentence atau kalimat pasif mengandung subjek pelaku secara implisit, objek dalam kalimat ini dinyatakan secara eksplisit.sar participle
Perhatikan contoh berikut:Active: I clean my house every day. objectPassive: My house is cleaned every day (by me). SubjectContoh Soal:My brother cuts the grass in the garden.The passive sentence is ....a. The grass in the garden cutsb. The grass in the garden is cutting.c. The grass in the garden is cut.d. My brother is cutting the grass in the garden.e. My brother cut the grass in the garden.Pembahasan Perhatikan kembali pola kalimat pasif. Objek pada kalimat aktif adalah the grass in the garden. Objek
Kata kerja (verb) dari direct ke indirect speech mengalami perubahan.
Direct
speechIndirect speech
Simple presentSimple pastPresent continuousPast
continuousPresent perfectPast perfectPresent perfect continuousPast perfect
continuousSimple pastPast perfectFutureConditional Future
continuousConditional continuousconditionalConditional
Adverbs of time juga berubah.DirectIndirect
TodayThat dayYesterdayThe day beforeThe day
before yesterdayTwo days beforeTomorrowThe next day/the following dayThe
day after tomorrowIn two days’ timeNext week/yearThe following
week/yearLast week/yearThe previous week/yearA year agoA year before/the
previous year
Contoh Soal:
“I saw her yesterday,” he said.
The indirect speech is ....
a. He said he saw her yesterday. d. He said he has seen her yesterday.
b. He said he had seen her yesterday. e. He said he has seen her the day before. c. He said he had seen her the day before.
Pembahasan
Direct speech di atas dalam bentuk past tense. Jika diubah ke dalam bentuk
indirect speech, kalimatnya menjadi bentuk past perfect tense. Keterangan waktunya juga berubah yesterday menjadi the day before. (Jawaban: c)
10. Conjunctions • And, but, or
And digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa.
Contoh:
• I have a new book and dictionary.
• Nina is reading a book and Tita is watching television.
But digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa yang memiliki makna yang bertentangan.
Contoh:
• Kirana is diligent, but her brother is lazy. • Dina is not pretty, but very friendly. • Or untuk menunjukkan pilihan.
Contoh:
Do you like milk or coffee?
a. Both ... and ..., not only... but also ... • Both ... and ....
Yusi likes both apples and banana. • Not only...but also...
She is not only pretty but also friendly.
b. When, after, before
When digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi bersamaan. After dan before untuk menyatakan kegiatan/kejadian yang terjadi setelah/sebelum kejadian yang lainnya.
Pola kalimat:
Contoh:
• When we play together, Ina always join us. • After I take a bath, I have my breakfast.
Clause + when/after/before + subject + verb + object/complement. • Ina always join us when we play together.
• I have my breakfast before I go to school. Contoh Soal:
Please turn off the light ... you sleep.
a. When b. Before c. After d. And e. Or Pembahasan
Kalimat di atas artinya tolong matikan lampu ... kamu tidur. Kata penghubung yang tepat yaitu ketika (when). (Jawaban: a)
D.
SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS
1.
NoticesNotice (pemberitahuan/peringatan) adalah tulisan atau tanda untuk memberi informasi, instruksi atau peringatan kepada publik.
Contoh:
Contoh Soal:
1. What does the traffic sign mean? (gmbr. Rambu lalu lintas dilarang masuk) a. the road is slippery
b. the road is winding c. the car may turn right d. the car may turn left
e. the car may not enter this street Pembahasan
Tanda lalu lintas di atas artinya dilarang masuk. Maksudnya, mobil dilarang melewati jalan tersebut. (Jawaban: e)
2.
Greeting cardsGreeting cards atau kartu ucapan merupakan sepucuk surat yang digunakan untuk memberi ucapan selamat, terima kasih, belasungkawa, atau ucapan semoga lekas sembuh.
NO ENTR
Contoh Soal:
Whom is the greeting card written for?
a. Dewi b. Shinta c. Sinta’s friend d. Sinta’s parents e. Dewi’s parents Pembahasan
Dalam kartu ucapan, orang yang dimaksud ditulis di awal. Adapun pengirim ditulis di akhir kartu.
(Jawaban: b) 3. Short messages
Contoh Soal: Pro: Rian
Your lunch is on the table. Don’t forget to do your homework.
I’ll be at home at 9.
Love you,
Mom
What did mother ask Rian to do?
a. Going home at 9 and having lunch b. Preparing lunch on table.
c. Cooking for lunch and serving it on table. d. Having lunch and doing homework. e. Doing homework and going home at 9.
Dear Sinta,
