ii ABSTRAK
Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang paling ditakuti pada saat ini namun penyebab PJK masih belum diketahui secara pasti. Salah satu cara untuk mendiagnosis PJK secara akurat adalah dengan cara invasif yaitu melalui kateterisasi jantung.
Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dimana dilakukan observasi data dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang prevalensi faktor risiko mayor dan minor pada pasien PJK yang dilakukan kateterisasi di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan periode Januari sampai dengan Juni 2015 berdasarkan data sekunder yaitu rekam medik pasien. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang didiagnosa PJK dan telah dilakukan tindakan kateterisasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (total sampling).
Hasil penelitian terhadap 242 sampel, didapatkan prevalensi pasien PJK yang terbanyak adalah yang memiliki hasil CAD 3 VD yaitu 123 orang (50,8%). Prevalensi terbanyak faktor risiko mayor adalah pasien hipertensi yaitu 149 orang (61,6%), diikuti dengan merokok 143 orang (59,1%), yang memiliki riwayat keluarga 136 orang (56,2%), kadar kolesterol dalam darah≥ 200 mg/dl 124 orang (51,3%), riwayat DM 123 orang (50,8%) dan pada kelompok usia 55-64 tahun 93 orang (38,4%). Prevalensi terbanyak faktor risiko minor terdapat pada pasien laki-laki yaitu 213 orang (88,0%), diikuti dengan obesitas (IMT ≥25 kg/m2) 58 orang (24,0%), riwayat mengonsumsi alkohol 4 orang (1,7%), dan pasien perempuan yang terbukti PJK seluruhnya telah mengalami menopause.
Kata Kunci: PJK, Kateterisasi, Faktor Risiko Mayor, Faktor Risiko Minor
iii ABSTRACT
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is currently one of the most feared non-communicable diseases. However, the cause of this disease has not been known in certainty yet. One way to accurately diagnose CHD is the invasive way which is through cardiac catheterization.
This study was descriptively conducted within cross sectional study design. The observations was done to describe the prevalence of the major and minor risk factors among the CHD patients who underwent the catheterization at Adam
Malik Hospital from January to June 2015 based on patients’ medical records as
the secondary data. The samples of this study were all patients diagnosed having CHD and has performed catheterization actions that meet the inclusion criteria (total sampling).
From the study of the 242 samples, it was found out that the CHD patients who have the most prevalence were the ones with the result of CAD 3 VD which was as many as 123 people (50.8%). The most prevalence of the major risk factors was found among the patients with hypertension which was as many as 149 people (61.6%), followed by patients with smoking habits of 143 people (59.1%), then the patients with the family history of 136 people (56.2%), patients with cholesterol levels in blood≥ 200 mg / dlof 124 people (51.3%), patients with DM history of 123 people (50.8%) and those aged 55-64 years old of 93 people (38.4%). The most prevalence of the minor risk factors was found in male patients which were as many as 213 people (88.0%), followed by patients with obesity (BMI <25 kg / m2) of 58 people (24.0%), then patients who drink alcohol of 4 people (17%), and the female patients proved to have CHD who were all had been in menopausal phase.
Keywords: CHD, Catheterization, Major Risk Factors, Minor Risk Factors
