• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Karakterisasi Sosial Ekonomi Dan Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Karet Di Hutan Produksi Jawa Barat

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Karakterisasi Sosial Ekonomi Dan Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Pengembangan Karet Di Hutan Produksi Jawa Barat"

Copied!
18
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

.$5$.7(5,6$6,626,$/(.2120,'$15(6321

0$6<$5$.$77(5+$'$33(1*(0%$1*$1.$5(7

',+87$1352'8.6,-$:$%$5$7

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

(2)

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

.DWD NXQFL .DUHW NDUDNWHULVDVL VRVLDO HNRQRPL KXWDQ SURGXNVL 3+%0

3(1'$+8/8$1

.RQVXPVL NDUHW DODP VHEDJLDQ EHVDU GLODNXNDQROHKQHJDUDQHJDUDLQGXVWULPDMX GDQ QHJDUD SURGXVHQ NDUHW DODP VHQGLUL

3DGD WDKXQ MXPODK NRQVXPVL NDUHW DODP GXQLD PHQFDSDL MXWD WRQ 1HJDUDQHJDUDNRQVXPHQXWDPDNDUHWDODP GXQLD DGDODK &KLQD ,QGLD -HSDQJ GDQ QHJDUDQHJDUDSURGXVHQNDUHWDODPVHQGLUL 7DEHO 3XVDW ´JUDILWDVLµ NRQVXPVL NDUHW DODP GXQLD SDGD VDDW LQL EHUDGD GL $VLD NDUHQDOHELKGDULNRQVXPVLNDUHWDODP GLODNXNDQROHKQHJDUDQHJDUD$VLD

.RPRGLWDV SHUNHEXQDQ PHQMDGL DQGDODQ EDJL SHQGDSDWDQ QDVLRQDO GDQ GHYLVD QHJDUD ,QGRQHVLD \DQJ QLODL HNVSRUQ\DSDGDWDKXQPHQFDSDL86' PLO\DU DWDX VHWDUD GHQJDQ ,'5 WULO\XQDVXPVL86' 5S .DUHW PHUXSDNDQ NRPRGLWDV HNVSRU \DQJ FXNXS EHVDU EDJL ,QGRQHVLD SDGD WDKXQ HNVSRU NDUHW DODP PHQJDODPL NHQDLNDQPHQMDGLMXWDWRQGHQJDQQLODL HNVSRUVHEHVDU86'MXWDGDQSDGD WDKXQ YROXPH HNVSRU NDUHW DODP PHQJDODPL SHQXUXQDQ PHQMDGL MXWD WRQ GHQJDQ QLODL 86' MXWD %DGDQ3XVDW6WDWLVWLN>%36@

,QGRQHVLD PHPLOLNL SHOXDQJ XQWXN PHQMDGL SURGXVHQ NDUHW WHUEHVDU GXQLD GHQJDQ PHPLOLNL NHXQJJXODQ NRPSDUDWLI

7DEHO.RQVXPVLNDUHWDODPGXQLDEHUGDVDUNDQQHJDUD 7DEOH7KHZRUOGVQDWXUDOUXEEHUFRQVXPSWLRQE\FRXQWU\ 1HJDUD &RXQWU\ .RQVXPVLNDUHWDODPGXQLD 1DWXUDOUXEEHUFRQVXPSWLRQ -XPODK 9DOXH WRQ 3HUVHQWDVH 3HUFHQWDJH &KLQD ,QGLD -HSDQJ 7KDLODQG ,QGRQHVLD 0DOD\VLD .RUHD (URSD $PHULND $XVWUDOLDGDQ$IULND -XPODK 7RWDO 6XPEHU6RXUFH,QWHUQDWLRQDO5XEEHU6WXG\*URXS>,56*@

(3)

GDQNRPSHWLWLI\DQJOHELKEDLNGLEDQGLQJNDQ

GHQJDQ QHJDUD SHVDLQJ ODLQQ\D VHSHUWL 7KDLODQG GDQ 0DOD\VLD NDUHQD PDVLK WHUVHGLDQ\D ODKDQ GDQ WHQDJD NHUMD \DQJ PHQGXNXQJ SHPEDQJXQDQ NHEXQ NDUHW 6\DULID 3DGD WDKXQ DUHDO SHUNHEXQDQ NDUHW GL ,QGRQHVLD WHODK PHQFDSDL OXDVDQ MXWD +D GLPDQD “ GDUL WRWDO OXDVDQ PHUXSDNDQ NDUHW UDN\DW%DGDQ3XVDW6WDWLVWLN>%36@ 6DODKVDWXSHOXDQJWHUVHGLDQ\DODKDQXQWXN SHQJHPEDQJDQNDUHWDGDODKKXWDQSURGXNVL \DQJGLNHORODROHKQHJDUD

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

(4)

SHUNHEXQDQNDUHWVHOXDV“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

6XDWX SHUHQFDQDDQ SHPEDQJXQDQ NHEXQ NDUHW WLGDN KDQ\D GLOLKDW GDUL VLVL HNRQRPLGDQWDQDKVDMDQDPXQMXJDVDQJDW SHQWLQJ GLODNXNDQ DQDOLVLV GDUL VLVL VRVLDO P D V \ D U D N D W V H N L W D U V H K L Q J J D NHEHUODQJVXQJDQ SHPEDQJXQDQ NHEXQ NDUHW GDSDW EHUMDODQ GHQJDQ ODQFDU GDQ PHPLQLPDOLVLU NRQIOLN GHQJDQ NHSHQWLQJDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDQ OHPEDJD PDV\DUDNDW

VHNLWDU KXWDQ SURGXNVL 7XMXDQ GDUL SHQXOLVDQ DUWLNHO LQL DGDODK PHQ\DMLNDQ L Q I R U P D V L P H Q J H Q D L N R Q G L V L V R V L D O PDV\DUDNDW VHNLWDU KXWDQ SURGXNVL \DQJ DNDQGLNHPEDQJNDQPHQMDGLNHEXQNDUHW

%$+$1'$10(72'(

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

0DMDOHQJND .HUWDMDWL 0HNDUPXO\D 3XUZDNDUWD .LDUDSHGHV 0DUJDOX\X &LEDWX :DQDZDOL ,QGUDPD\X 7HULVL &LNDZXQJ

*DQWDU 0HNDUZDUX 6DQFD -XPODK7RWDO 6XPEHUGDWDSULPHU 6RXUFHSULPDU\GDWD

(5)

'DWD NDUDNWHULVWLN VRVLDO HNRQRPL DQWDUD

ODLQNRQGLVLXPXPNDEXSDWHQGDWD GHPRJUDIL NHWHUVHGLDDQ WHQDJD NHUMD GL .DEXSDWHQ SHQJHWDKXDQ UHVSRQGHQ WHUKDGDS EXGLGD\D WDQDPDQ NDUHW GDQ UHVSRQ PDV\DUDNDW VHWHPSDW WHUKDGDS UHQFDQDSHPEDQJXQDQNHEXQNDUHWGLDUHDO WDQDPDQ\DQJVXGDKDGD

+$6,/'$13(0%$+$6$1 .RQGLVL8PXP:LOD\DK

3URYLQVL -DZD %DUDW PHPLOLNL OXDV ZLOD\DK GDUDWDQ +D \DQJ VHFDUD DGPLQLVWUDWLI WHUGLUL GDUL NDEXSDWHQNRWDPHOLSXWLNDEXSDWHQGDQ NRWD VHGDQJNDQ MXPODK NHFDPDWDQ GDHUDK SHUNRWDDQ GDQ SHUGHVDDQ%36 ' D O D P S H Q H O L W L D Q L Q L V X U Y H L GLODNXNDQSDGDKXWDQSURGXNVL\DQJEHUDGD GL HPSDW NDEXSDWHQ \DLWX .DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJ 0DMDOHQJND 3XUZDNDUWD GDQ ,QGUDPD\X %HULNXW SURILO PDVLQJPDVLQJ NDEXSDWHQ

D .DEXSDWHQ6XPHGDQJ

.DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJ PHPLOLNL OXDV ZLOD\DK+D\DQJWHUGLULGDUL NHFDPDWDQ GHQJDQ GHVD GDQ NHOXUDKDQ

E .DEXSDWHQ0DMDOHQJND

/XDV GDHUDK .DEXSDWHQ 0DMDOHQJND

DGDODKNP DWDXVHNLWDU GDUL OXDV 3URYLQVL -DZD %DUDW 6HFDUD JHRJUDILV.DEXSDWHQ0DMDOHQJNDWHUOHWDN GLEDJLDQWLPXU3URYLQVL-DZD%DUDW F .DEXSDWHQ3XUZDNDUWD

/XDV ZLOD\DK .DEXSDWHQ 3XUZDNDUWD

WHUFDWDW NP DWDX VHNLWDU GDUL OXDV ZLOD\DK 3URYLQVL -DZD %DUDW 6 H M D N - D Q X D U L . D E X S D W H Q 3XUZDNDUWD PHPSXQ\DL NHFDPDWDQ GHQJDQ GHVDNHOXUDKDQ GHVD GDQNHOXUDKDQ.DEXSDWHQ3XUZDNDUWD EHUDGD SDGD WLWLNWHPX WLJD MDOXU XWDPD ODOXOLQWDV \DQJ VDQJDW VWUDWHJLV \DLWX MDOXU 3XUZDNDUWD-DNDUWD 3XUZDNDUWD %DQGXQJ GDQ 3XUZDNDUWD&LUHERQ \DQJ PHUXSDNDQMDOXUXWDPDNHZLOD\DK-DZD 7HQJDK

G .DEXSDWHQ,QGUDPD\X

.DEXSDWHQ,QGUDPD\XWHUOHWDNGLSHVLVLU XWDUD 3XODX -DZD GDQ PHPLOLNL NHFDPDWDQ GHQJDQ GHVD \DQJ

*DPEDU3HWD3URYLQVL-DZD%DUDW )LJXUH0DSRI:HVW-DYD3URYLQFH

(6)

1LODL 9DOXH 7DKXQ <HDUV /XDV$UHD+D 3URGXNVL3URGXFWLRQ7RQ EHUEDWDVDQ ODQJVXQJ GHQJDQ ODXW -DZD

GHQJDQ SDQMDQJ JDULV SDQWDL .P /XDV ZLOD\DK ,QGUDPD\X \DQJ WHUFDWDW VHOXDV +DWHUGLULDWDV +D

3 H U X V D K D D Q $ P H U X S D N D Q SHUXVDKDDQ\DQJPHQJHORODKXWDQSURGXNVL QHJDUD WHUPDVXN GDODP 'LYLVL 5HJLRQDO -DZD %DUDW GDQ %DQWHQ WHUGLUL GDUL .HVDWXDQ 3HPDQJNXDQ +XWDQ .3+ .HVDWXDQ%LVQLV0DQGLUL.%03HPDVDUDQ .%0 ,QGXVWUL .D\X 1RQ .D\X .%0 $JURIRUHVWU\ (NRORJL GDQ -DVD /LQJNXQJDQ $(- VHUWD 6HNVL 3HUHQFDQDDQ +XWDQ 63+VHOXDV +D´3HQJHORODDQ +XWDQµ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

(7)

7DEHO -HQLVLQIUDVWUXNWXUGDQNHOHPEDJDDQ\DQJWHUGDSDWGLGHVDGHVDVHNLWDUFDORQODKDQ

NDUHW

7DEOH 7\SH RI LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG ,QVWLWXWLRQDO DW YLOODJHV DURXQG FDQGLGDWHV UXEEHU SODQWDWLRQ 1R -HQLVLQIUDVWXNWXUGDQ NHOHPEDJDDQ 7\SHRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQG LQVWLWXWLRQDO 5DWDUDWDMXPODKNHEHUDGDDQLQIUDVWUXNWXU GDQNHOHPEDJDDQSHUGHVD 7KHDYHUDJHQXPEHURILQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQG LQVWLWXWLRQDOSHUYLOODJH 3HQGLGLNDQ 6HNRODK'DVDUEXDKWLGDNVHPXDGHVD PHPLOLNL6/73GDQ6/7$ .HVHKDWDQ 3XVNHVPDVSHPEDQWXXQLW3DUDPHGLV RUDQJ 5XPDKLEDGDK 0DVMLGGDQPXVKRODEXDK 3HPLOLNDQVDUDQDWUDQVSRUWDVL 3HPLOLNDQVHSHGDPRWRUGDULMXPODK UXPDKWDQJJD 3HPLOLNDQPRELOGDULMXPODKUXPDK WDQJJD 3HPLOLNDQWUXNDQJNXWDQGDULMXPODK UXPDKWDQJJD 3HQHUDQJDQOLVWULN GDULMXPODKUXPDKWDQJJD 6XPEHUDLUEHUVLK 6XPXUVXPEHUDLUGDQ3$0 6XPEHUEDKDQEDNDUPLQ\DN GDQJDV 'HSRWHFHUDQEXDK 3DVDUWUDGLVLRQDO EK 3DVDUNHEXWXKDQSRNRN :DUXQJVHPEDNREXDK 3DVDULQSXWSHUWDQLDQ 7RNRSHUWDQLDQEXDK 3HGDJDQJSHQJXPSXOKDVLO SHUWDQLDQ RUDQJ /HPEDJDSHWDQL .HORPSRNWDQLEXDK/0'+EXDK /HPEDJDHNRQRPLGHVD NRSHUDVLEXDKEDQN.8' 3HQ\XOXKSHUWDQLDQ RUDQJ , Q I U D V W U X N W X U G D Q . H O H P E D J D D Q 0DV\DUDNDW 3DGD XPXPQ\D LQIUDVWUXNWXU GL NHHPSDWNDEXSDWHQVXGDKPHPDGDLGHQJDQ WHUVHGLDQ\D VDUDQD SHQGLGLNDQ NHVHKDWDQ SHUXPDKDQ UXPDK LEDGDK VDUDQD DLU EHUVLK SDVDU GDQ OHPEDJD HNRQRPL GHVD 7DEHO.RQGLVLLQIUDVWUXNWXUWUDQVSRUWDVL SDGD FDORQ ODKDQ WDQDPDQ NDUHW GDSDW GLWHPSXKGHQJDQVDUDQDWUDQVSRUWDVLGDUDW NH LEXNRWD NHFDPDWDQ GDQ NH LEXNRWD NDEXSDWHQ 8QWXN .DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJ ,QGUDPD\X GDQ 0DMDOHQJND PHPLOLNL DNVHV

MDODQ \DQJ EDLN VHGDQJNDQ GL .DEXSDWHQ 3XUZDNDUWD PHPLOLNL NXDOLWDV MDODQ \DQJ NXUDQJEDLN*DPEDUGDQ

/DQG8VHGDQ9HJHWDVL

3HUXVDKDDQ $ VHEDJDL SHUXVDKDDQ \DQJGLEHULPDQGDWXQWXNPHQJHORODKXWDQ SURGXNVLGLZLOD\DK-DZD%DUDWGDQ%DQWHQ EHUXVDKD PHQLQJNDWNDQ SURGXNVL PHODOXL GLYHUVLILNDVL SURGXN 3DGD WDKXQ FXNXSEDQ\DNSURGXN\DQJGLKDVLONDQEDLN EHUXSDSURGXNVLND\XEXODW7DEHO GDQ SURGXNVLKDVLOKXWDQEXNDQND\X7DEHO 6XPEHUGDWDSULPHU 6RXUFHSULPDU\GDWD

(8)

*DPEDU.RQGLVLLQIUDVWUXNWXUWUDQVSRUWDVLGDUDWGLQLODLGDSDWGLJXQDNDQXQWXNDNVHV PHQXMXNHFDORQODKDQNDUHW )LJXUH &RQGLWLRQVRIODQGWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWKDWFDQEHXVHGIRUDFFHVVWRODQGRI SURVSHFWLYHUXEEHU *DPEDU.RQGLVLUXPDKSHVDQJJHP\DQJDGDGL-DZD%DUDW )LJXUH&RQGLWLRQVRISHVDQJJHPKRXVHDW:HVW-DYD

7DEHO 3URGXNVL ND\X EXODW -DWL 3LQXV 0DKRQL GDQ 6HQJRQ PHQXUXW ZLOD\DK GL 3HUXVDKDDQ$ 7DEOH 3URGXFWLRQURXQGZRRG7HDN3LQH0DKRJDQ\DQG6HQJRQE\UHJLRQ&RPSDQ\$ :LOD\DK 5HJLRQ -DWL 7HDN P 3LQXV 3LQH P 0DKRQL 0DKRJDQ\ P 6HQJRQ 6HQJRQ P 6XPHGDQJ 0DMDOHQJND 3XUZDNDUWD ,QGUDPD\X -XPODK 7RWDO 6XPEHU6RXUFH%36

(9)

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

7DEHO 3URGXNVL ND\X EXODW 6RQRNHOLQJ 3XVSD0DHVRSVLV $FFDVLD PDQJLXP 5LPED FDPSXUPHQXUXWZLOD\DKGL3HUXVDKDDQ$ 7DEOH3URGXFWLRQURXQGZRRG5RVHZRRG3XVSD0DHVRSVLV$FFDVLDPDQJLXPPL[HG IRUHVWE\UHJLRQDW$&RPSDQ\ 6XPEHU6RXUFH%36 6XPEHU6RXUFH%36 7DEHO3URGXNVLKDVLOKXWDQEXNDQND\XGL3HUXVDKDDQ$ 7DEOH 3URGXFWLRQRIQRQZRRGIRUHVWSURGXFWDW&RPSDQ\$

(10)

6XPEHU6RXUFH)XMLZDUDHWDO *DPEDU6WUXNWXUSHODNVDQDDQ3+%0 )LJXUH6WUXFWXUHRI3+%0LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ VHEDJDLPDQD GLWHWDSNDQ GDODP 6XUDW

.HSXWXVDQ 'LUHNVL 3HUXVDKDDQ $ SDGD 7DKXQ

3+%0 GLODNVDQDNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ NHVHSDNDWDQ DQWDUD 3HUXVDKDDQ $ GDQ /0'+ 'DODP NRQWUDN WHUFDQWXP ODKDQ \DQJ GLDORNDVLNDQ GL KXWDQ QHJDUD \DQJ GLEDJLNDQ NHSDGD SHVDQJJHP \DQJ PHQJHORODODKDQPHODOXLNHUMDVDPDGLDQWDUD PHUHND 8PXPQ\D MHQLV WDQDPDQ GLSLOLK EHUGDVDUNDQSHWDNGDQNHORPSRNWDQLKXWDQ \DQJGLNHORODROHKSHVDQJJHP$ORNDVLODKDQ ELDVDQ\D GLNHOROD ROHK SHVDQJJHP VHFDUD LQGLYLGX*DPEDU

3DGDVDDWSHQJDPDWDQGLODSDQJDQ NSHJLDWDQ 3+%0 \DQJ WDPSDN DGDODK NHJLDWDQ WXPSDQJVDUL GL DQWDUD WDQDPDQ ND\X VHSHUWL *DPEDU 'L VHOD WDQDPDQ ND\X GLODNXNDQ SHQDQDPDQ WDQDPDQ

VHPXVLP\DLWXVLQJNRQJSDGLJRJRNDFDQJ LMR NDFDQJ SDQMDQJ WLPXQ VHPDQJND MDJXQJGDQSLVDQJ'HQJDQYDULDVLWDQDPDQ WXPSDQJ VDUL WHUVHEXW GDSDW GLSHUROHK SHQGDSDWDQ VHNLWDU ,'5 ² MXWD SHU WDKXQ DWDX VHWDUD GHQJDQ ,'5 ULEX ²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

(11)

6HODLQ WDQDPDQ VHPXVLP MXJD

GLWHPXNDQ VDSL GDQ NHUEDX EHUNHOLDUDQ GL KXWDQSURGXNVL+DOWHUVHEXWVXGDKPHQMDGL NHELDVDDQ PDV\DUDNDW VHNLWDU NDUHQD PHUHND PHQFDUL UXPSXW VHEDJDL SDNDQ WHUQDNQ\D*DPEDU.HELDVDDQWHUVHEXW DNDQ PHQJJDQJJX NXOLW SRKRQ NDUHW ELODPDQDZLOD\DKWHUVHEXWDNDQGLNRQYHUVL PHQMDGL NDUHW 3HPLOLN WHUQDN KDUXV PHQJDQGDQJNDQ WHUQDNQ\D GL ZLOD\DK WHUWHQWX VHKLQJJD NHEXQ NDUHW WLGDN WHUJDQJJX

3HQGXGXNGDQ0DWD3HQFDKDULDQ

-XPODKSHQGXGXNWHUEDQ\DNGL'HVD 6DQFD .DEXSDWHQ ,QGUDPD\X OHELK GDUL SHQGXGXNPHUXSDNDQSHQGXGXNORNDO VXNX 6XQGD GDQ EHUDJDPD ,VODP VDQJDW MDUDQJDGDSHQGDWDQJGDULGDHUDKODLQ7DEHO GDQ7DEHO

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

(12)

7DEHO .DUDNWHULVWLN GHPRJUDIL GHVDGHVD VHNLWDU FDORQ NHEXQ NDUHW GL .DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJGDQ0DMDOHQJND

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

(13)

7DEHO .DUDNWHULVWLN GHPRJUDIL GHVDGHVD VHNLWDU FDORQ ODKDQ NDUHW GL .DEXSDWHQ

3XUZDNDUWDGDQ,QGUDPD\X

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

(14)

7DEHO 3HUVHQWDVH VXPEHU PDWD SHQFDKDULDQ SHQGXGXN GHVDGHVD VHNLWDU FDORQ ODKDQ NDUHWGL.DEXSDWHQ6XPHGDQJGDQ0DMDOHQJND 7DEOH 3HUFHQWDJHRISRSXODWLRQOLYHOLKRRGYLOODJHVVXUURXQGLQJWKHSURSHFWLYHUXEEHUODQG DW6XPHGDQJGLVWULFWDQG0DMDOHQJNDGLVWULFW 6XPEHUPDWDSHQFDKDULDQQRQSHUWDQLDQDQWDUDODLQ316ZLUDVZDVWDEXUXKSDEULNWXNDQJND\XGDQ7.: 6XPEHU 'DWDSULPHU 6RXUFH SULPDU\GDWD

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²EXUXKWDQL 1RQSHUWDQLDQ -XPODK 6XPEHUPDWDSHQFDKDULDQQRQSHUWDQLDQDQWDUDODLQ316ZLUDVZDVWDEXUXKSDEULNWXNDQJND\XGDQ7.: 6XPEHU 'DWDSULPHU 6RXUFH SULPDU\GDWD .DEXSDWHQ 6XPHGDQJ 6XPHGDQJGLVWULFW .DEXSDWHQ 0DMDOHQJND 0DMDOHQJND GLVWULFW 8UDLDQ 'HVFULSWLRQ .HFDPDWDQ 7RPR 7RPRVXEGLVWULFW .HFDPDWDQ8MXQJ -D\D 8MXQJ-D\DVXE GLVWULFW .HFDPDWDQ .HUWDMDWL .HUWDMDWL VXEGLVWULFW 'HVD7RPR 7RPR YLOODJH 'HVD .DU\DPXNWL .DU\DPXNWL YLOODJH 'HVD 8MXQJ -D\D 8MXQJ -D\D YLOODJH 'HVD 6DNXU -D\D 6DNXU -D\D YLOODJH 'HVD 0HNDUPXO\D 0HNDUPXO\D YLOODJH 3HUWDQLDQ SHWDQL ² EXUXK WDQL 1RQSHUWDQLDQ -XPODK

(15)

5 H V S R Q 0 D V \ D U D N D W W H U K D G D S 3HPEDQJXQDQ.HEXQ.DUHW

3DUD UHVSRQGHQ XPXPQ\D EHOXP PHQJHWDKXLWHNQLVEXGLGD\DWDQDPDQNDUHW VHKLQJJD ELODPDQD PHUHND GLWDULN PHQMDGL WHQDJDNHUMDGL3HUXVDKDDQ$PDNDKDUXV GLEHNDOLLOPXSHQJHWDKXDQWHNQLVEXGLGD\D WDQDPDQNDUHW

% H U L N X W K D V L O V X U Y H L U H V S R Q P D V \ D U D N D W P H Q J H Q D L U H Q F D Q D SHQJHPEDQJDQ NHEXQ NDUHW GL KXWDQ SURGXNVL

.DEXSDWHQ6XPHGDQJ

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

3DUD UHVSRQGHQ VHFDUD XPXP VHWXMX GHQJDQSHQJHPEDQJDQWDQDPDQNDUHW NDUHQDGLKDUDSNDQWHUEHQWXNODSDQJDQ NHUMDEDUXGDQPHQDPEDKSHQGDSDWDQ 'L.DEXSDWHQ3XUZDNDUWDSHNHUMD\DQJ PHQMDGL SHVDQJJHP KDQ\D VHGLNLW VHEDJLDQ EHVDU PHQMDGL EXUXK WHQDJD KDULDQ OHSDV EDJL SHUXVDKDDQ $ GDQ PHQJRODK ODKDQ PLOLN SULEDGL .RQGLVL

.DEXSDWHQ3XUZDNDUWDEHUEHGDGHQJDQ N D E X S D W H Q O D L Q Q \ D G L P D Q D NHWHUVHGLDDQ WHQDJD NHUMD XQWXN SHUWDQLDQ VHGLNLW NDUHQD EHUVDLQJ GHQJDQ LQGXVWUL WHUXWDPD GDODP KDO XSDK 6HEDJLDQ EHVDU WHQDJD \DQJ WHUVHGLDEHUXVLDGLDWDVWDKXQMLND SHUXVDKDDQ$LQJLQPHPEDQJXQNHEXQ NDUHW PHPHUOXNDQ WHQDJD NHUMD WDPEDKDQGDULOXDUZLOD\DK6HODLQLWX ORNDVL ODKDQ \DQJ EHUEXNLW DNDQ PHPHUOXNDQ VSHVLILNDVL WHNQLV \DQJ NKXVXV GDQ ELD\D HNVWUD GLEDQGLQJ ODKDQGDWDU

.DEXSDWHQ,QGUDPD\X

5 H V S R Q P D V \ D U D N D W . D E X S D W H Q ,QGUDPD\X KDPSLU VDPD GHQJDQ NDEXSDWHQODLQQ\DWHUXWDPDGDODPKDO SROD NHUMDVDPD \DQJ DNDQ GLWHUDSNDQ MLND GLNRQYHUVL PHQMDGL NHEXQ NDUHW -LND SHQJHORODDQ NHEXQ NDUHW GLEXDW VLVWHP SHUNHEXQDQ SHUXVDKDDQ WHQDJD NHUMD EXNDQ EHQWXN EDJL KDVLO VHSHUWL NRQVHS 3+%0 VHEHOXPQ\D PDND PHUHND PHUDVD NKDZDWLU WHUJDQJJXQ\D SROD NHUMD GDQ SROD W X P S D Q J V D U L \ D Q J V X G D K D G D 7HUXWDPDWXPSDQJVDULWDQDPDQND\X SDGL\DQJPHUXSDNDQEDKDQPDNDQDQ SRNRN

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

3HQGHNDWDQ NHOHPEDJDDQ EDLN VHFDUD IRUPDO PDXSXQ LQIRUPDO DQWDUD SHUXVDKDDQ GHQJDQ DSDUDW GHVD GDQ PDV\DUDNDW VHNLWDU WHUXWDPD SDUD SHVDQJJHP\DQJEHUNDLWDQODQJVXQJGHQJDQ

(16)

6LVWHPVDGDS 7DSSLQJV\VWHP .HEXWXKDQMXPODKWHQDJDNHUMDSHQ\DGDS RUDQJ 1XPEHURIUXEEHUWDSSHUVQHHGHG SHUVRQ 3HU+D 3HU+D 6' 6' 6' 7DEHO .HEXWXKDQMXPODKWHQDJDNHUMDSHQ\DGDSSHUXQLWSHPEDQJXQDQNHEXQNDUHW 7DEOH 1XPEHU RI UXEEHU WDSSHUV ZKLFK DUH QHHGHG IRU HYHU\ XQLW RI UXEEHU SODQWDWLRQ GHYHORSPHQW

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

PHQ\LNDSL SHUEHGDDQ SHQLODLDQ 3HQ\HEDE XPXP NRQIOLN GL VHNWRU NHKXWDQDQ DQWDUD ODLQNHJLDWDQ+3+DNWLYLWDVSHQHEDQJDQOLDU LOOHJDOORJJLQJSHQHWDSDQNDZDVDQOLQGXQJ GDQ SHQHWDSDQ NDZDVDQ WDPDQ QDVLRQDO SHPEDQJXQDQ +7, GDQ SHUNHEXQDQ NHODSD VDZLW .RQIOLN LQL WHUMDGL NDUHQD SHUEHGDDQ SDQGDQJDQ PHQJHQDL KDN DWDV ODKDQ SHODQJJDUDQ SHUMDQMLDQ ROHK SLKDNSLKDN \DQJ WHUNDLW PDXSXQ NHWLGDNMHODVDQ EDWDV NDZDVDQ :XODQ <DVPL 3XUED :ROOHQEHUJ

.(6,038/$1

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

(17)

6DUDQ \DQJ VHEDLNQ\D GLODNXNDQ

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

)XMLZDUD76HSWLDQD50$ZDQJ6$ :LGD\DQWL : 7 %DULDWXO + +\DNXPXUD . 6DWR 1 &KDQJHV LQ ORFDO VRFLDO HFRQRP\ DQG IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW WKURXJK WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI FROODERUDWLYH IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW 3+%0 DQG WKH FKDOOHQJHV LW SRVHV RQ HTXLWDEOH SDUWQHUVKLS $ FDVH VWXG\ RI .3+ 3HPDODQJ &HQWUDO -DYD ,QGRQHVLD 7523,&6 'RL WURSLFV

,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5XEEHU 6WXG\ *URXS 6WDWLVWLFDO VXPPDU\ RI ZRUOG UXEEHU VLWXDWLRQ6LQJDSRUH6LQJDSRUH,56* . D E D Q 0 6 . H E L M D N D Q

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²

3HQJHORODDQ KXWDQ PHQJDODPL UHGHVDLQ $JXVWXV3LNLUDQ 5DN\DW 'LDNVHVGDULKWWSZZZEXPQJRLG 3XVDW 3HQHOLWLDQ .DUHW 6WXGL

NHOD\DNDQ SHPEDQJXQDQ NHEXQ NDUHW GL ZLOD\DK 3HUXVDKDDQ $ 'LYLVL 5HJLRQDO -DZD %DUDW GDQ %DQWHQ %RJRU ,QGRQHVLD 3XVDW 3HQHOLWLDQ .DUHW 6LPRQ + +XWDQ -DWL GDQ .HPDNPXUDQ <RJ\DNDUWD ,QGRQHVLD $GLW\D0HGLD

(18)

6\DULID / ) 6WXGL NHOD\DNDQ L Q Y H V W D V L S H P E D Q J X Q D Q SHUNHEXQDQ NDUHW GL 6XPDWHUD 6HODWDQ -XUQDO 3HQHOLWLDQ .DUHW

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Dem ikian Pengum um an Pemilihan Langsung dengan Pascakualifikasi ini dibuat dengan sebenarnya unt uk dapat dipergunakan sebagaim ana mest inya. Tabanan, 5 Sept em

Area auditorik sekunder terletak di posterior dari area auditorik primer pada gyrus temporalis superior (area broadmann 22) yang menerima impuls dari area

[r]

Variabel LDR tidak berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap penetapan bunga deposito dari hasil pengujian penelitian yang dilakukan diduga karena data yang digunakan

Terjadinya penurunan nilai rata-rata yang lebih cepat pada insang ikan tongkol yang direndam tanpa menggunakan ekstrak karena tidak adanya penambahan bahan

Teknik Pengumpulan Data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari observasi yang dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data dari instansi yang terkait peraturan yang berlaku yang

Ragaimana dengan fasilitas yang diberikan dalam proses pclayanan publik dalam pembuatan e-KTP di Kantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Malinau '?.. Apakah di

Variabel-variabel dalam penelitian ini yang meliputi variabel independen (eksogen, bebas) yaitu gaya kepemimpinan (X1), motivasi (X2), disiplin (X3), dan variabel