3(1*(0%$1*$102'(/
5($/,67,&0$7+(0$7,&6
('8&$7,21
50('$/$03(1,1*.$7$1
3(0%(/$-$5$10$7(0$7,.$%$*,0$+$6,6:$352',
3*6').,3816.$0386.(%80(1
:DK\XGL
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
G G GGGGGGG0DWHPDWLND
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
.H\ZRUGV5HDOLVWLF0DWKHPDWLFVOHDUQLQJPRGHOVOHDUQLQJPDWKHPDWLFV
Jurnal Paedagogia, Vol. 18 No. 2 Tahun 2015 Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret
Hal. 64-73 ISSN 1026-4109 http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/paedagogia
3(1'$+8/8$1
3HPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLNDKHQGDNQ\D GLPXODL GHQJDQ SHQJJXQDDQ PDVDODK \DQJ WHUGDSDW GDODP NHKLGXSDQ VHKDULKDUL \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ PDWHUL \DQJ VHGDQJ GLDMDUNDQ 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ SHVHUWD GLGLN VHFDUD EHUWDKDSGLELPELQJXQWXNPHQJXDVDLNRQVHS PDWHPDWLNDGDUL\DQJGHNDWNH\DQJMDXKGDUL \DQJVLPSHONH\DQJNRPSOHNVGDQGDUL\DQJ NRQNUHWNH\DQJDEVWUDN 3HPEHODMDUDQKHQGDNQ\DGLPXODLGDUL OLQJNXQJDQ WHUGHNDW Q\DWD GDQ UHDOLVWLV VHKLQJJD VLVZD DNDQ OHELK PXGDK XQWXN PHPDKDPLPDWHUL\DQJGLVDMLNDQPHQJLQJDW EDKZD VHEHQDUQ\D PDWHUL PDWHPDWLND LWX VHQGLULEHUDVDOGDULIHQRPHQDIHQRPHQD\DQJ WHUMDGL GL OLQJNXQJDQ VHKDULKDUL SXOD \DQJ WHODK GLDEVWUDNVLNDQ NH GDODP NDOLPDW PDWHPDWLND.HQ\DWDDQ\DQJDGDGLODSDQJDQ SHQJDEVWUDNVLDQ \DQJ PXODQ\D EHUWXMXDQ PHPXGDKNDQVLVZDGDODPPHPDKDPLPDWHUL WHUQ\DWD MXVWUX PHPEDZD GDPSDN WHUVHQGLUL \DLWX WLPEXOQ\D LQWHUSUHWDVL \DQJ EHUEHGD SDGDVHWLDSVLVZD
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
+DO WHUVHEXW GL DWDV GDSDW WHUODNVDQD MLND SURVHV SHPEHODMDUDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ
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
VDQJDW PHQHQWXNDQ GDODP PHQHUMHPDKNDQ SHUPDVDODKDQGDODPNHKLGXSDQVHKDULKDULNH GDODP NDOLPDW PDWHPDWLND +DVLO EHODMDU PDWHPDWLND PHQXQWXW NHPDPSXDQ SHQDODUDQ DJDUGDSDWPHQHUMHPDKNDQSHUVRDODQSHUVRDO DQNHGDODPNDOLPDWPDWHPDWLND%HUGDVDUNDQ XUDLDQ GL DWDV SHQHOLWL WHUGRURQJ XQWXN PHQJDQJNDW MXGXO ´3HQJHPEDQJDQ 0RGHO
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
/$1'$6$17(25,
5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( \DQJ GLWHUMHPDKNDQ VHEDJDL 3HQ GLGLNDQ 0DWHPDWLND 5HDOLVWLN 305 DGDODK VHEXDK SHQGHNDWDQ EHODMDU PDWHPDWLND \DQJ GLNHPEDQJNDQ VHMDN WDKXQ ROHK VHNHORPSRNDKOLPDWHPDWLNDGDUL)UHXGHQWKDO ,QVWLWXWH8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\GLQHJHUL%HODQGD 3HQGHNDWDQ LQL GLGDVDUNDQ SDGD DQJJDSDQ +DQV )UHXGHQWKDO ±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´PDWHPDWLVDVL´\DLWXSURVHV PHPDWHPDWLNDNDQ GXQLD Q\DWD 3URVHV LQL GLJDPEDUNDQ ROHK GH /DQJH GDODP 6XWDUWR+DGL VHEDJDL OLQJNDUDQ \DQJ WDN EHUXMXQJ
*UHYHUPHLMHUEHUSHQGDSDW
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
0HQXUXW *UDYHPHLMHU 'DLWLQ 7DULJDQ
SHPEHODMDUDQ GHQJDQ SHQGLGLNDQ PDWHPDWLNDUHDOLVWLNPHPLOLNLNDUDNWHULVWLN VHEDJDLEHULNXWDSHQJJXQDDQNRQWHNVGDUL GXQLDQ\DWDELQVWUXPHQYHUWLNDOSHQJJXQD DQ PRGHOPRGHO F NRQWULEXVL VLVZD SHQJJXQDDQ SURGXNVL GDQ NRQVWUXNVL G NHJLDWDQ LQWHUDNWLI SHQJJXQDDQ LQWHUDNWL YLWDV H NHWHUNDLWDQ WRSLN SHQJJXQDDQ NHWHUNDLWDQ
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
*UHYHPHLMHU PHQ\HEXW
NDQ EDKZD DGD WLJD SULQVLS XWDPD GDODP SHQGHNDWDQ PDWHPDWLND UHDOLVWLN \DQJ DQWDUD ODLQVHEDJDLEHULNXW
7KH ILUV SULQFLSOH LV WHUPHG ³JXLGHG UHLQYHQWLRQ´ DQG SURJUHVVLYH PDWKH PDWL]LQJ $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH UHLQYHQWLRQ SULQFLSOHWKHVWXGHQWVVKRXOGEHJLYHQWKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR H[SHULHQFH D SURFHVV VLPLOLDU WR WKH SURFHVV E\ ZKLFK PDWKHPDWLFVZDVLQYHQWHG
7KH VHFRQG SULQFLSOH UHODWHV WR WKH LGHD RI D GHGDFWLFDO SKHQRPHQRORJ\ $FFRUGLQJWRDGHGDFWLFDOSKHQRPHQRORJ\ VLWXDWLRQV ZKHUH D JLYHQ PDWKHPDWLFDO WRSLFLVDSSOLHGDUHWREHLQYHVWLJDWHGIRU WZR UHDVRQV )LUVWO\ WR UHYHDO WKH NLQG RI DSSOLFDWLRQVWKDWKDYHWREHDQWLFLSDWHGLQ LQWUXFWLRQ VHFRQGO\ WR FRQVLGHU WKHLU VXLWDELOLW\DVSRLQWVRILPSDFWIRUSURFHVVRI
SURJUHVVLYHPDWKHPDWL]DWLRQ
7KHWKLUGSULQFLSOHLVIRXQGLQWKHUROH ZKLFK VHOIGHYHORSHG PRGHOV SOD\ LQ EULGJLQJ WKH JDS EHWZHHQ LQIRUPDWLRQ NQRZODGJHDQGIRUPDOPDWKHPDWLFV
9DQ GH +XLYHO3DQ +XL]HQ \DQJ GLNXWLSROHK0DUSDXQJGDODP6HW\RQR DGD EHEHUDSD SULQVLS GDODP 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLF (GXFDWLRQ 50( \DLWX D SULQVLSDNWLYLWDVESULQVLSUHDOLWDVFSULQVLS SHQMHQMDQJDQGSULQVLSMDOLQDQH SULQVLS LQWHUDNVLISULQVLSELPELQJDQ
%HUGDVDUNDQ NDUDNWHULVWLN 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLF(GXFDWLRQ50(SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND GHQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ50( SDGD SHQHOLWLDQLQL PHQJJXQDNDQODQJNDKODQJNDK VHEDJDL EHULNXW PHPDKDPL PDVDODK NRQWHNVPHQMHODVNDQPDVDODKNRQWHNVWXDO PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ PDVDODK NRQWHNVWXDO PHPEDQGLQJNDQGDQPHQGLVNXVLNDQMDZDEDQ PHQ\LPSXONDQ
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
6WDQGDU .RPSHWHQVL PDWD NXOLDK
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
7DEHO+DVLO2EVHUYDVL3HODNVDQDDQ3HPEHODMDUDQ3HQJJXQDDQ0RGHO50(6LNOXV,GDQ 6LNOXV,,ODMDUDQ GDQ WLQJNDWDQ NHODV 0HQJXDVDL PHWRGRORJL GDQ SURVHGXU SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6' XQWXN WRSLN NRQVHS UHODVL RSHUDVLXUXWDQRSHUDVLGDQVLIDWVLIDWRSHUDVL SDGD ELODQJDQ EXODW VHVXDL GHQJDQ WXMXDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ GDQ WLQJNDWDQ NHODV 0HQJXDVDL PHWRGRORJL GDQ SURVHGXU SHPEH ODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6' XQWXN WRSLN ELODQJDQ SULPD NRPSRVLW )3% .3. VHVXDL GHQJDQ WXMXDQSHPEHODMDUDQGDQWLQJNDWDQNHODV 0HQJXDVDL PHWRGRORJL GDQ SURVHGXU SHPEH ODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6' XQWXN WRSLN NRQVHS UHODVL RSHUDVL XUXWDQ RSHUDVL GDQ VLIDWVLIDW RSHUDVL SDGD ELODQJDQ SHFDKDQ GDQ UDVLRQDO VHVXDL GHQJDQ WXMXDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ GDQ WLQJNDWDQNHODV
0(72'(3(1(/,7,$1
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL PHQJJXQDNDQ GHVDLQ 3HQHOLWLDQ 7LQGDNDQ .HODV 37. 0RGHO 6LNOXV3HODNVDQDDQSHQHOLWLDQLQLWHUGLULGDUL WLJDVLNOXVGDQVHWLDSVLNOXVQ\DWHUGLULGDULWLJD SHUWHPXDQ 6HWLDS SHUWHPXDQ PHOLEDWNDQ HPSDW ODQJNDK VHFDUD VLPXOWDQ \DLWX SHUHQFDQDDQ SHODNVDQDDQ REVHUYDVL GDQUHIOHNVL3HQHOLWLDQLQLGLODNVDQDNDQGL 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV .HEXPHQ 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL PHQJJXQDNDQ MHQLV 3HQHOLWLDQ 7LQGDNDQ.HODV37.GHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQ VXEMHN SHQHOLWLDQ VHOXUXK PDKDVLVZD 3URGL
3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV .HEXPHQ 6HPHVWHU ,,, \DQJ PHQHPSXK PDWD NXOLDK 3HQGLGLNDQ 0DWHPDWLND 6' 6.6 SDGD WDKXQ DNDGHPLN \DQJ EHUMXPODK PDKDVLVZD3HQHOLWLDQLQLPHQJJXQDNDQ MHQLV VXPEHU GDWD \DLWX PDKDVLVZD WHPDQVHMDZDWREVHUYHUGDQGRNXPHQ
'DODP PHQJXPSXONDQ GDWD VHODPD
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
+$6,/3(1(/,7,$1
%HUGDVDUNDQ UXPXVDQ PDVDODK GDQ
WXMXDQSHQHOLWLDQPDNDKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQGDSDW GLVDMLNDQSDGDXUDLDQVHEDJDLEHULNXW 6NRU )UHNXHQVL 3UHWHV )UHNXHQVL 6LNOXV, )UHNXHQVL 6LNOXV,, .HWHUDQJDQ ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± %HOXPWXQWDV ± 7XQWDV ± 7XQWDV ± 7XQWDV ± 7XQWDV -XPODK 6NRU7HUHQGDK 6NRU7HUWLQJJL 5DWDUDWD
7DEHO3HUEDQGLQJDQ+DVLO3HPEHODMDUDQ6LNOXV,GDQ6LNOXV,,3HODNVDQDDQ 0RGHO 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKH PDWLFV(GXFDWLRQ50(GDODP3HQLQJ NDWDQ 3HPEHODMDUDQ 0DWHPDWLND EDJL 0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV.HEXPHQ %HUGDVDUNDQKDVLOVLNOXV,GDQVLNOXV,, PDND GDSDW GLGHVNULSVLNDQ WHQWDQJ SHQJHP EDQJDQ PRGHO5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GX FDWLRQ 50( GDODP SHQLQJNDWDQ SHPEH ODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLNDEDJLPDKDVLVZD3URJUDP 6WXGL3HQGLGLNDQ*XUX6HNRODK'DVDU3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV .HEXPHQ GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD7DEHO .HJLDWDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ VHVXDLGHQJDQVNHQDULRSHPEHODMDUDQGHQJDQ PRGHO50(VHEDJDLPDQD\DQJWHODKGLVLDSNDQ SHQHOLWLPHQJJXQDNDQODQJNDK\DLWX /DQJNDK0HPDKDPLPDVDODKNRQ WHNVVHKDULKDUL3DGDWDKDSLQLNHJLDWDQ\DQJ GLODNXNDQ DGDODK D PHQJNRQGLVLNDQ NHODV XQWXNNHJLDWDQSHPEHODMDUDQEPHQMHODVNDQ WXMXDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ F PHPXODL SHPEH ODMDUDQ GHQJDQ PHPEHULNDQ FRQWRK PDVDODK GDODPNHKLGXSDQVHKDULKDULGPHQGHPRQV WUDVLNDQ SHQ\HOHVDLDQ PDVDODK SHPEHODMDUDQ PHQJJXQDNDQDODWSHUDJD\DQJVHVXDLGDQH PHPEHULNDQ VRDOVRDO SHPHFDKDQ PDVDODK \DQJVHULQJGLMXPSDLGDODPNHKLGXSDQVHKDUL KDUL
/DQJNDK 0HQMHODVNDQ PDVDODK
NRQWHNVWXDO 3DGD WDKDS LQL NHJLDWDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ DGDODK D PHQ\LDSNDQ IRUXP GLVNXVLEPHQMHODVNDQWDWDFDUDGLVNXVLF PHPEDJLNDQ WXJDV GLVNXVL G PHQ\LDSNDQ PHGLDDODWSHUDJDHPHODNVDQDNDQGLVNXVL I PHQJDLWNDQ GDWDGDWD GHQJDQ NRQVHS J PHQJXQJNDSNDQ DSD \DQJ GLWDQ\DNDQ SDGD SHUPDVDODKDQ K PHPEDKDV GDQ PHQJXQJ NDSNDQ LQIRUPDVL SHUPDVDODKDQ SHPEHODMDU DQ
/DQJNDK 0HQ\HOHVDLNDQPDVDODK
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
PHODNXNDQUHIOHNVLWHUKDGDSKDVLOSUHVHQWDVL J PHQ\LPSXONDQ KDVLO SUHVHQWDVL PDXSXQ KDVLOGLVNXVLNHODV
/DQJNDK 0HQ\LPSXONDQ 3DGD
WDKDS LQL PHOLSXWL NHJLDWDQ D DQDOLVLV NXULNXOXP E PHQ\XVXQ NRPSHWHQVL \DQJ KDUXV GLPLOLNL F PHQ\XVXQ SHUHQFDQDDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ G PHQ\LPXODVLNDQ SHUHQFD QDDQSHPEHODMDUDQ\DQJWHODKGLVXVXQPHODOXL SHHU WHDFKLQJ H PHODNVDQDNDQ GLVNXVL GDQ UHIOHNVL WHUKDGDS SHUHQFDQDDQ \DQJ WHODK GLVLPXODVLNDQ I PHPEHULNDQ PDVXNDQ WHUKDGDS SHUHQFDQDDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ \DQJ WHODK GLVLPXODVLNDQ GDQ J PHQ\LPSXONDQ SHUHQFDQDDQSHPEHODMDUDQ\DQJWHODKGLVXVXQ GDQGLVLPXODVLNDQ 3HQLQJNDWDQSHPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND GHQJDQ SHQJHPEDQJDQ0RGHO5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( EDJL 0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV.HEXPHQ
%HUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO SRVWWHV SHPEHOD MDUDQ VHODPD VLNOXV , GDQ VLNOXV ,, GDSDW GLSHUROHKGDWD\DQJGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHO %HUGDVDUNDQWDEHOGLDWDVPDNDWHUOLKDWDGDQ\D SHQLQJNDWDQ KDVLO EHODMDU VHODPD VLNOXV VHFDUDVLJQLILNDQ6NRUWHUHQGDKSDGDSUHWHV DGDODK VHGDQJNDQ SDGD VLNOXV , VNRU WHUHQGDKPHQMDGLGDQSDGDVLNOXV,,VNRU WHUHQGDKQ\D DGDODK 6NRU WHUWLQJJL SDGD VDDW SUHWHV DGDODK SDGD VNOXV , VNRU WHUWLQJJLQ\D PHQMDGL GDQ SDGD VLNOXV ,, VNRUWHUWLQJJLQ\DPHQFDSDL6NRUUDWDUDWD SDGD SUHWHV KDQ\D SDGD VLNOXV , VNRU UDWDUDWDQ\DPHQFDSDLGDQSDGDVLNOXV ,, VNRU UDWDUDWDQ\D PHQFDSDL +DO LQL PHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDGDULVNRUSUHWHVVDPSDL GHQJDQ VLNOXV ,, VHODOX DGD SHQLQJNDWDQ NRPSHWHQVL\DQJVLJQLILNDQ
.HQGDOD GDQ 6ROXVL GDODP 3HQJHP EDQJDQ 0RGHO 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( GDODP 3HQLQJNDWDQ 3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLNDEDJL0DKD VLVZD3URGL3*6').,3816.DPSXV .HEXPHQ
%HUGDVDUNDQ KDVLO REVHUYDVL GDQ
DQDOLVLV GDWD SHPEHODMDUDQ GHQJDQ 0RGHO
5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( VHODPD VLNOXV , GDQ VLNOXV ,, PDND GDSDW GLSHUROHKGDWDNHQGDODGDQVROXVL\DQJGDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO %HUGDVDUNDQ WDEHO WHUVHEXW PDND GDSDW VLPSXONDQ EDKZD .HQGDOD GDODP 3HQJHPEDQJDQ 0RGHO
5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( GDODP3HQLQJNDWDQ3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND EDJL 0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV .HEXPHQ DGDODK PDKDVLVZD NXUDQJPHQJXDVDLPDWHULDMDUPDWHPDWLND6' PDKDVLVZD NXUDQJ WHUELDVD GHQJDQ SHUPDVDODKDQSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLND\DQJ GLNDLWNDQ GHQJDQ PDVDODK VHKDULKDUL PDKDVLVZD NXUDQJ PHQJXDVDL SHQJJXQDDQ PHGLDDODWSHUDJDPDWHPDWLNDPDKDVLVZD NXUDQJ PHQJXDVDL EHUEDJDL SHQGHNDWDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND PDKDVLVZD EHOXP WHUDPSLO PHQ\XVXQ UHQFDQD SHODN VDQDDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6' PDKDVLVZD EHOXP WHUDPSLO GDODP VLPXODVL SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6' $GDSXQ VROXVLQ\DDGDODKSHPDQWDSDQSHQJXDVDDQ PDWHUL DMDU GDQ NRQVHS PDWHPDWLND 6' SHPDQWDSDQ SHQJDLWDQ PDWHUL DMDU GHQJDQ SHUPDVDODKDQ VHKDULKDUL SHPDQWDSDQ SHQJHQDODQGDQSHQJJXQDDQPHGLDDODWSHUDJD PDWHPDWLND 6' SHPDQWDSDQ SHQJXDVDDQ EHUEDJDL SHQGHNDWDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWH PDWLND 6' SHPDQWDSDQ SHQ\XVXQDQ UHQFDQD SHPEHODMDUDQ SHPDQWDSDQ NHJLDWDQ VLPXODVL SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND 6'
.(6,038/$1'$16$5$1
%HUGDVDUNDQUXPXVDQPDVDODKWXMXDQ SHQHOLWLDQGDQKDVLODQDOLVLVGDWD \DQJWHODK GLODNVDQDNDQ PDND GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ VHEDJDLEHULNXW 3HODNVDQDDQ0RGHO5HDOLVWLF0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( GDODP 3HQLQJNDWDQ 3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLNDEDJL0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV .HEX PHQ PHQJJXQDNDQ ODQJNDK \DLWX PHPDKDPL PDVDODKNRQWHNV VHKDULKDUL PHQMHODVNDQ PDVDODK NRQWHNVWXDO PHQ\HOHVDLNDQ PDVDODK NRQWHNVWXDO'$)7$53867$.$
$NEDU 6XWDZLMD\D 3HPHFDKDQ 0DVDODK GDODP 3HPEHODMDUDQ 0DWHPDWLND0DNDODK 6HPLQDU5DVLRQDO8SD\DXSD\D0HQLQJNDWNDQ3HUDQ3HQGLGLNDQ0DWHPDWLNDGDODP(UD *OREDOLVDVL336,.,30DODQJ
$UL\DQWL 3HQGHNDWDQ 5HDOLVWLN GDODP 3HPEHODMDUDQ 0DWHPDWLND 7HUVHGLD GL KWWSDUL\DQWLIUHHKRVWLDFRPZRUGSUHVV"S 'LDNVHV WDQJJDO SXNXO :,%
'DLWLQ7DULJDQ3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND5HDOLVWLN-DNDUWD'LUMHQ'LNWL
'RON0DDUWHQ5HDOLVWLN0DWKHPDWLFV(GXFDWLRQ0DNDODK.XOLDK8PXPGL3URJUDP3DVFD 6DUMDQD8QLYHUVLWDV6ULZLMD\D3DOHPEDQJ7DQJJDO-XOL
*UHYHUPHLMHU 'HYHORSLQJ 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 1HGHUODQGV )UXHGHQWDO LQVWLWXWH
+DGL6XWDUWR3HQGLGLNDQ0DWHPDWLND5HDOLVWLN%DQMDUPDVLQ3HQHUELW7XOLS
+HXYHO 0 9DQ GHQ 3DQKXL]HQ $VVHVPHQW DQG 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 1HGHUODQGV)UXHGHQWDOLQVWLWXWH
/H[\-0ROHRQJ0HWRGRORJL3HQHOLWLDQ.XDOLWDWLI%DQGXQJ5HPDMD5RVGDNDU\D
1\LPDV$LV\DKGNN3HQJHPEDQJDQ3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND6'-DNDUWD'LWMHQ'LNWL 'HSGLNQDV
PHPEDQGLQJNDQ GDQ PHQGLVNXVLNDQ MDZDEDQGDQPHQ\LPSXONDQ
3HQJHPEDQJDQ 0RGHO 5HDOLVWLF 0DWKH PDWLFV(GXFDWLRQ50(GDSDW0HQLQJNDW NDQ 3HPEHODMDUDQ 0DWHPDWLND EDJL 0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816 .DPSXV.HEXPHQ
.HQGDOD GDODP 3HQJHPEDQJDQ 0RGHO
5HDOLVWLF 0DWKHPDWLFV (GXFDWLRQ 50( GDODP3HQLQJNDWDQ3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPD WLND EDJL 0DKDVLVZD 3URGL 3*6' ).,3 816.DPSXV.HEXPHQDGDODKPDKDVLVZD NXUDQJ PHQJXDVDL PDWHUL DMDU PDWH PDWLND6'SHUPDVDODKDQSHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND \DQJ GLNDLWNDQ GHQJDQ PDVDODK VHKDULKDUL SHQJJXQDDQ PHGLDDODWSHUDJDPDWHPDWLNDEHUEDJDL SHQGHNDWDQSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLND6' NHWHUDPSLODQ PHQ\XVXQ UHQFDQD SHODNVDQDDQSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLND6' GDQVLPXODVLSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLND 6' $GDSXQ VROXVLQ\D DGDODK GLODNXNDQ
SHPDQWDSDQ GDQ SHQGDPSLQJDQ WHQWDQJ SHQJXDVDDQ PDWHUL DMDU GDQ NRQVHS PDWHPDWLND6' SHQJDLWDQ PDWHUL DMDU GHQJDQ SHUPDVDODKDQ VHKDULKDUL SHQJHQDODQ GDQ SHQJJXQDDQ PHGLDDODW SHUDJD PDWHPDWLND 6' SHQJXDVDDQ EHUEDJDL SHQGHNDWDQ SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWH PDWLND 6' SHQ\XVXQDQ UHQFDQD SHPEHODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND NHJLDWDQ VLPXODVLSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLND6' %HUGDVDUNDQNHVLPSXODQGLDWDVPDND
GDSDW GLVDMLNDQ VDUDQVDUDQ VHEDJDL EHULNXW PDKDVLVZD KHQGDNQ\D OHELK PHQ\LDSNDQ GLULGDODPSHQJXDVDDQPDWHULDMDUSHQJXDVDDQ SHQGHNDWDQPHGLDSHPEHODMDUDQGDQPHQLQJ NDWNDQNHWHUDPSLODQGDODPPHQ\XVXQUHQFDQD SHPEHODMDUDQ VHUWD EHUODWLKVLPXODVL SHPEH ODMDUDQ PDWHPDWLND VHNRODK GDVDU SHQJHOROD SURGL 3*6' OHELK PHPSHUKDWLNDQ ODJLVDUDQDPHGLD GDQVXPEHUEHODMDU\DQJ DGDGLNDPSXV
6HW\RQR (NVSHULPHQWDVL 3HPEHODMDUDQ 0DWHPDWLND7HUVHGLD GL KWWSVHW\RQREORJVSRW FRPHNVSHULPHQWDVLSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLNDKWPO 'LDNVHV WDQJJDO SXNXO:,%
6XKDUVLPL$ULNXQWR 3URVHGXU 3HQHOLWLDQ 6XDWX 3HQGHNDWDQ 3UDNWLN (GLVL 5HYLVL 9, -DNDUWD5LQHND&LSWD
6XQDUWR0RGHOPRGHO3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND7HUVHGLDGL
KWWSVXQDUWRPEVZRUGSUHVVFRPPRGHOPRGHOSHPEHODMDUDQ'LDNVHV
WDQJJDOSXNXO:,%
:DK\XGL3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLNDGL6HNRODK'DVDU6XUDNDUWD).,3816
:LQD 6DQMD\D 6WUDWHJL 3HPEHODMDUDQ%HURULHQWDVL 6WDQGDU 3URVHV 3HQGLGLNDQ -DNDUWD .HQFDQD3UHQDGD0HGL*URXS
< 0DUSDXQJ 3HQHUDSDQ 3HQGHNDWDQ 0DWHPDWLND 5HDOLVWLN XQWXN 0HQLQJNDWNDQ 3HPDKDPDQ 6LVZD 7HUVHGLD GL KWWSRQHLQGRVNULSVLFRPDUWLNHOVNULSVL WHQWDQJSHQHUDSDQSHQGHNDWDQPDWHPDWLNDUHDOLVWLNXQWXNPHQLQJNDWNDQSHPDKDPDQ VLVZD'LDNVHVSDGDWDQJJDOSXNXO:,%
=DLQXULH3HPEHODMDUDQ0DWHPDWLND5HDOLVWLN7HUVHGLDGL
KWWS]DLQXULHZRUGSUHVVFRPSHPEHODMDUDQPDWHPDWLNDUHDOLVWLNUPH 'LDNVHVWDQJJDOSXNXO:,%
