DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

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Slide 2



_Data

_{is any unorganized raw facts}



_Information

_{is data that has been processed in}

a meaningful and useful way.



_Database

_{is an organized collection of}

_related

tables and other structures.



_{Database Management System (DBMS)}

_{is a}

computer program used to create, process, and

manage the database.

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 Analogi ≈ Lemari Arsip

MAP Disk FILE

Lemari Arsip Basis Data

NIM

NIM NamaNama AlamatAlamat Tgl. LahirTgl. Lahir

0400100252

0400100252 AdiAdi Jl. AkasiaJl. Akasia 12 Januari 198012 Januari 1980

0400200144

0400200144 SandiSandi Jl. Pulau KaweJl. Pulau Kawe 1 April 19811 April 1981

0300100312

0300100312 HeruHeru Jl. Ahmad YaniJl. Ahmad Yani 31 Juli 198031 Juli 1980

Database Concepts

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Slide 5

Data Type

 _{Data usually consists of text, numbers, currency, and} dates.

 _{Logical data}_–_Only_“_yes_”_or_“_no_”_{answers are allowed}  Objects – Non-textual data

 Binary large objects (BLOBs) – Very large objects

 Default value – Pre-defined values such as today’s date

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Operations of Database

 Create Database

 Drop Database

 Create Table

 Drop Table

 Insert Table

 Update Table

 Delete Table

 Query Table

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Types of Database Programs

 _{File Management Programs}_:

Create flat files containing one file or table

Files can not be linked to other files

_{Are easy to use and customize}

Are not as complex as database management systems



_{Database Management Systems}

₍

_DBMS

_):

Contain multiple files or tables

Are programs that enable data to be stored, modified, and extracted from a database

Are more difficult to learn than file management systems

Types of Database Programs

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Components of DBMS

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Slide 9

Relational Database Management Systems

 _{Relational database management systems}_{are the most} widely used type of DBMS.

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Data Warehousing and Data Mining

 Data Warehousing:

Supplements DBMSs by bringing together all data into one huge database

Organizes management’s decision-making process

Uses a technique called drill-down to view performance data of the entire company

 _{Data marts}_{support one division of an organization} rather than an entire firm.

 Data Mining:

Is a data exploration technique

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Client/Server Database Systems

 Data server – Professionally administered program that runs on a local area network (LAN). It responds to requests for data.

 Client – A user-friendly program that accesses the server. Users can add data, maintain records, perform queries, and generate reports.

Clients request data using a query language called

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The Internet Connection: Going Public With Data

 Web-based integration is the latest trend in database software.

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Advantages of Database Management Systems

Data integrity is the validity of the data.

Data validation defines acceptable

input ranges for each field.

_{Types of data validation are:} Alphabetic check

Numeric check

Range check

Consistency check

_{Completeness check}

 Data independence refers to how

data is stored so that it can be used with different types of application programs.

 Avoidance of data

redundancy refers to

avoiding the repetition of data.

 Data security is the unavailability of data to people who would misuse it.

 _{Data is also protected from}

loss due to equipment failure.

 Data maintenance refers

to the procedures for adding, updating, and deleting records.

 The areas of importance for building a quality database are:

Data integrity

Data independence

Avoidance of data redundancy

_{Data security}

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Information Systems: Tools for Global

Competitiveness

 _An_{information system}_{is designed to bring data,}

computers, procedures, and people together to manage information important to an organization’s mission.

 To be valuable, information must be:

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Computerized Information Systems

 A computerized information system (CIS):

Includes data, hardware, software, trained personnel, and procedures

Collects critical data, processes the data, stores the data, and disseminates information throughout the organization

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Techniques of Information Reduction

 Controlling information is important to keep people from being overwhelmed by it.

 Control methods in an information system include:

_{Routing information}

Summarizing information

_{Enabling selectivity}

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Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)

 TPSs handle an organization’s accounting needs.

 Early TPSs used batch processing systems.

 Online processing consists of entering transaction data and viewing the results immediately.

 TPSs enable managers to make operational decisions.

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Management Information Systems (MISs)

 MISs are computer-based systems that support the information needs of different levels of management.

 MISs help management make informed tactical decisions.

 MISs work with transaction processing systems.

 MISs inform managers if their goals are being met.

 Drawbacks of MISs:

_{Reports may contain unwanted information}

 Information may not be available when needed

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Decision Support Systems (DSSs)

 DSSs enable managers to ask questions that can’t be answered by MIS reports.

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Executive Information Systems (EISs)

 EISs are also known as executive support systems

(ESSs).

 EISs support strategic decisions made by top level management that will affect the entire company.

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Strategic decisions

Tactical decisions

Operational decisions

Types of Decisions and Information Systems for Managers

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Knowledge Management Systems

 Knowledge management systems are used to

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Expert Systems

 Expert systems are systems that deal with expert knowledge in a particular area.

 Expert systems:

_{Help in making decisions}

Use artificial intelligence principles

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Computers and Databases in the Retail Sector

 Computers and databases are used for the checkout process and strategic purposes.

 At the checkout counter:

_{Point of sale terminals}_{are replacing the cash register.}

Optical scanners read the universal product code (UPC) label that identifies items, their costs, and any sale prices.

Credit card authorization terminals are used to process credit card transactions by placing a call to a call center

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Computers and Databases in the Retail Sector

 At the checkout counter (continued):

_{Check-screening systems}_{read the check}’s account number, then compare it with delinquent accounts.

Signature capture systems capture a customer’s signature on a pressure sensitive pad.

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Chapter 10 Summary

• Database software transforms data into information.

• Information is data that is organized to be meaningful and useful.

• A database file is made of: Characters

Fields Records

• File management programs work with one database file. • DBMSs can work with two or more database files at a time. • A good database system contains:

Data integrity

Data independence

Data redundancy avoidance measures Data security

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Chapter 10 Summary continued

• A computer information system provides essential services to an organization.

• Information systems include:

Transaction processing systems (TPS) Management information systems (MIS) Decision support systems (DSS)

Executive information systems (EIS)

Knowledge management systems (KMS) Expert systems (ES)