Hibridity and resistance of Pakistanis in London as seen through two main characters in Hanif Kureishi`s My Son Thr Fanatic : a postcolonial study.

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ABSTRACT

ADHIKA AGUNG PRATOMO. Hibridity and Resistance of Pakistanis in

London As Seen t

hrough Two Main Characters in Hanif Kureishi’s “My Son

The Fanatic”: A Postcolonial Study. Yogyakarta: Department of English

Letters, Faculty of Leters, Sanata Dharma University, 2013.

This thesis discusses Hanif Kureishi’s short story entitled “My Son The

Fanatic”. This short story tells the different reactions

given by migrants from

Pakistan who move into London. The different reactions appear in a Pakistani

family. In details, the father and the son in that family have different attitude

toward British society and their Pakistani identity.

This thesis aims to identify the different reactions given by migrants. They

are acceptance (hibridity) and resistance of new national identity on Pakistani in

London. There are three problems which are solved in this thesis. They are (1)

How are the two main characters of Parvez and Ali described? (2) What are the

reactions of Parvez and Ali toward British society in London? (3) How Parvez and

Ali can be considered as hibrid and resistant?

The method of study in this thesis is library research. The primary source

is the short story entitled “My Son The Fanatic” by Hanif Kureishi. The secondary

data are thesis, journal, and other books of theories. The approach used to analyze

this short story is postcolonial approach.

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xi

ABSTRAK

ADHIKA AGUNG PRATOMO. Hibridity and Resistance of Pakistanis in

London As Seen t

hrough Two Main Characters in Hanif Kureishi’s “My Son

The Fanatic”: A Postcolonial Study. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris,

Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2013.

Skripsi ini membahas cerita pendek dari Hanif

Kureishi yang berjudul “My

Son The Fanatic”. Ce

rita pendek ini menceritakan perbedaan-perbedaan reaksi

dari beberapa emigran di London yang berasal dari Pakistan.

Perbedaan-perbedaan reaksi tersebut muncul di dalam sebuah keluarga Pakistan. Secara lebih

rinci, bapak dan anak di keluarga tersebut mempunyai perbedaan sikap terhadap

masyarakat Inggris dan identitas Pakistan mereka.

Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan-perbedaan reaksi

terhadap identitas kebangsaan baru pada para emigran. Perbedaan-perbedaan

reaksi tersebut ialah penerimaan (hibridity)

dan perlawanan terhadap identitas

kebangsaan baru dalam orang-orang Pakistan di London. Terdapat tiga masalah

yang dipecahkan dalam skripsi ini. (1) Bagaimana karakter-karakter utama Parvez

dan Ali dideskripsikan. (2) Apa saja reaksi-reaksi dari Parvez dan Ali terhadap

kehidupan masyarakat Inggris di london. (3) Bagaimana penerimaan (hibridity)

dan perlawanan yang muncul pada Parvez dan Ali.

Metode penelitian pada skripsi ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan.

Sumber utamanya adalah sebuah cerita pendek berjudul “My Son The Fanatic”

yang dikarang oleh Hanif Kureishi. Data sekundernya adalah skripsi, jurnal, dan

beberapa buku teori. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menganalisa cerita pendek

ini adalah pendekatan postkolonial.

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S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A

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ii i v

S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T E

G A P E L T I

T .................................................................................................. i .... E

G A P L A V O R P P

A ............................................................................................ ii E

G A P E C N A T P E C C

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P ................................................ vi Y

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S .................................................................. v.. O

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T N E M E G D E L W O N K C

A ................................................................................. v ii S

T N E T N O C F O E L B A

T .................................................................................... iv ii T

C A R T S B

A ........................................................................................................ x K

A R T S B

A ........................................................................................................... ix N

O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H

C ....................................................................... 1

.

A Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 .

B ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .

C Objecitve soft heStudy ... 5 .

D Deifniitono fTerm s ... 5

W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H

C ....................................................... 7

.

A Reviewo fRelatedStudie s... 7 .

B Reviewo fRelatedTheo ire s... 11 .

1 Theo ire sonCharacte randCharacteirzaiton ... 11 .

2 Theo ire sonPostcoloniali sm ... 31 .

3 Theo ire son ThridWo lrdMigraitoni ntoFris tWo lrd ... 61 .

4 Theo ire sonHib ird tiy ... 81 .

5 Theo ire son ResistancetowardIdenttiyDominaiton... 02 .

C ReviewonPakistan iMigrait onintoLondon ... 22 .

D Theoreitca lFramework ... 52

Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H

C ................................................................. 8..2

.

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B Approachoft heStudy ... 92 .

C Methodoft heStudy ... 03

S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H

C ............................................................................... 33

.

A TheCharacteirsitc so fParvezandAil ... 33 .

1 TheCharacteirsitcs o fParvez ... 33 .

2 TheCharacteirsitc so fAl i ... 6....4 .

B TheReaciton so fParvezandAl itowardB iritshSocietyinLondon ... 35 .

1 TheReacitons o fParvezt owardB iritshSocietyi nLondon ... 35 .

2 TheReaciton so fAilt owardB iritshSocietyinLondon... 95 .

C Catego irzaitono fHib irdtiyandResistancei nParvezandAil... 36 .

1 H iibrdtiyi nParvez ... 46 .

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x i

N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H

C .......................................................................... 71 Y

H P A R G O I L B I

B ................................................................................................ 75 X

I D N E P P

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T C A R T S B A

. O M O T A R P G N U G A A K I H D

A Hibridtiy and Resistance o fPakistanis in t

n e e S s A n o d n o

L hroughTwoMainCharactersi nHani fKuresih’i s“MySon y

d u t S l a i n o l o c t s o P A : ” c it a n a F e h

T . Yogyakatra : Depa trmen t o f Engilsh s

r e t e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e

L ,SanataDharmaUniverstiy ,2013.

e h T n o S y M “ d e lt it n e y r o t s t r o h s s ’i h s i e r u K f i n a H s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h T

y r o t s t r o h s s i h T . ” c it a n a

F tell sthe dfiferen treaciton sgiven by migrant sfrom n

a t s i k a

P who move into London .The dfiferen treacitons appea rin Pa akistan i li

m a

f y .In detalis ,the fathe rand the son in tha tfamliy have d fiferen tatttiude d

r a w o

t B iritshsocietyandt hei rPakistanii denttiy. s

i h

T thesisaimst oi dentfiyt hedfiferentr eaciton sgivenbymigrants .They y

ti d ir b i h ( e c n a t p e c c a e r

a )and resistance o fnew naitonal i denttiy on Pakistan iin n

o d n o

L .There are three problem swhich are solved in thi sthesis .They are (1 ) e h t e r a t a h W ) 2 ( ? d e b ir c s e d i l A d n a z e v r a P f o s r e t c a r a h c n i a m o w t e h t e r a w o H

d r a w o t il A d n a z e v r a P f o s n o it c a e

r B iritshs ocietyi nLondon?( 3 )HowParvezand i

l

A canbeconsidereda shib irdandr esistant? f

o d o h t e m e h

T studyin t hist hesisi s ilbrary r esearch .Thep irmarysource y r a d n o c e s e h T . i h s i e r u K f i n a H y b ” c it a n a F e h T n o S y M “ d e lt it n e y r o t s tr o h s e h t s i

h t e r a a t a

d esi ,sj ournal ,andothe rbook soft heo ires .Theapproachusedt oanalyze .

h c a o r p p a l a i n o l o c t s o p s i y r o t s tr o h s s i h t

s i t l u s e r t s ri f e h

T Parvez i sdescirbed a shard-working ,anxious ,wo lrdly s a d e b ir c s e d s i il A . m o d e e r f l a u d i v i d n i g n it c e p s e r d n a , d e t n e ir o h s it ir B , d e t n e ir o

, s u o i g il e

r rude ,ant iwestern ,and radical .Thesecond resutli sParvez’ sand Al’i s d

r a w o t n o it c a e

r B iritshsocietyi n London .Parvezavoid shisr eilgion ,accept sthe e

h t s t p e c c a d n a , n o it a c u d e n r e t s e W f o t p e c n o

c concep to fWesternmateirailsm rfo n r e t s e W e h t s t c e j e r , n o it a c u d e s ’ n r e t s e W e h t s t c e j e r il A n e h T . e r u s a e l p l a u d i v i d n i

s e l g g u rt s d n a , t s il a ir e t a

m rf o hisi denttiy. Thet hrid resutli stheac to fhib ird tiy i n h

t n e e s z e v r a

P rough hi satttiude toward B iritsh society in London a sthe new s

e v il e h e c a l

p .Inhi sawareness ,hedecidest ot aket hef ormofi denttiya ssamea s .

h s it ir B e h

t Hes tand sont woi den itites;t heyareaPakistan i- Musilma shi so irgin y

ti t n e d i o s l a d n

a whichi spresentedi n B iritsh society .Thenacti on o fResistance s

t s i s e r d n a t c e j e r f o e d u ti tt a s i h h g u o r h t s r a e p p a i l A n

i the custom in B iritsh y

t e i c o

s .Hi sresistance movemen tappear sa sthe effec to fcutlure and identtiy e

h t y b n o it a n i m o

d B iritsh society .Hesrtuggle sfo rhi sown o irginali denttiy t ha t )

m il s u M a d n a i n a t s i k a P a ( e b t s u m e

h ,he resist sWestern identtiy ,which i s y

t e i c o s h s it ir B n i d e t n e s e r

p bys rtuggles rf o hi so irgina saPakistan iandaMusilm n

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i x K A R T S B A . O M O T A R P G N U G A A K I H D

A Hibridtiy and Resistance o fPakistanis in t n e e S s A n o d n o

L hroughTwoMainCharactersi nHani fKuresih’i s“MySon y d u t S l a i n o l o c t s o P A : ” c it a n a F e h

T . Yogyaka tra : Jurusan Sasrta Ingg irs , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a S s a tl u k a

F ,2013.

y M “ l u d u jr e b g n a y i h s i e r u K f i n a H i r a d k e d n e p a ti r e c s a h a b m e m i n i i s p ir k S e C . ” c it a n a F e h T n o

S rtia pendek in imencertiakan perbedaan-perbedaan reaksi i

r a

d beberapa emigran d i London yang berasa l dar i Pakistan . Perbedaan -i s k a e r n a a d e b r e

p tersebu tmuncu ld idalamsebuahkeluargaPakistan .Secaral ebih ,

i c n

ir bapak dan anak d ikeluargat ersebu tmempunya iperbedaan sikap terhadap t a k a r a y s a

m Ingg irs nd a identtia sPakistanmereka. r

k

S ips iin ibetrujuan untuk mengiden itifkas iperbedaan-perbedaan reaks i a r a p a d a p u r a b n a a s g n a b e k s a ti t n e d i p a d a h r e

t emigran . Perbedaan-perbedaan h a l a i t u b e s r e t i s k a e

r peneirmaan (hibridtiy) dan pelrawanan terhadap identtia s u r a b n a a s g n a b e

k dalam orang-orang Pakistan d iLondon .Terdapat itga masalah i

d g n a

y pecahkandalamsk irpsii n.i( 1 )Bagaimanakarakter-karakte rutamaParvez p ir k s e d i d i l A n a

d s nika .(2 )Apa saja reaksi-reaks idar iParvez dan Al iterhadap n o d n o l i d s ir g g n I t a k a r a y s a m n a p u d i h e

k .(3 )Bagaimana peneirmaan (hibridtiy)

a d a p l u c n u m g n a y n a n a w a lr e p n a

d ParvezdanAl.i

. n a a k a t s u p e k n a it il e n e p e d o t e m h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k s a d a p n a it il e n e p e d o t e M k e d n e p a ti r e c h a u b e s h a l a d a a y n a m a t u r e b m u

S bejrudu l“My Son The Fanaitc” n r e d n u k e s a t a D . i h s i e r u K f i n a H h e l o g n a r a k i d g n a

y yaadalah sk irps,i j urnal ,dan . ir o e t u k u b a p a r e b e

b Pendekatanyangdigunakanuntukmenganailsacertiapendek p n a t a k e d n e p h a l a d a i n

i ostkolonia.l

, s a r e k a jr e k e p i a g a b e s n a k i s p ir k s e d i d z e v r a P h a l a d a a m a tr e p l i s a

H seorang

u l a l e s g n a

y cemas , bero irentas ipada keduaniawian , bero irentas iIngg irs , dan , n a m ir e b g n a r o i a g a b e s n a k i s p ir k s e d i d i l A . u d i v i d n i n a s a b e b e k i t a m r o h g n e m , t a r a B i t n a , r a s a

k dan radikal .Hasi lkeduaadalah reaks iParvezdan Ail t erhadap e p p e s n o k a m ir e n e m , a y n a m a g a i r a d n i h g n e m z e v r a P . n o d n o

L ndidikan barat ,dan e

m en irma konsep mateirailsm e untuk kesenangan p irbadi . Al i menolak , t a r a b n a k i d i d n e

p menolak mateirailsm e barat ,dan mempejruangkan identtia s m il s u M n a d n a t s i k a P g n a r o e s i a g a b e s a y n il s

a .Hasi lkeitgaadalahaks ipeneirmaan (hibrid tiy) padaParvezt erilha tmelalu isikapnyat erhadapLondon sebagait empa t

. a y n u r a b l a g g n

it Dia berada diantara identtia ssebagai seorang Pakistan-Musilm s a ti t n e d i a g u j n a

d sebagai masyaraka tIngg irs .Kemudian aks ipelrawanan pada i u l a l e m t a h il r e t i l

A sikapnya yang menolak dan melawan cara kehidupan t a k a r a y s a

m Ingg irs . Pergerakan penolakannya muncu l sebaga i efek dominas i n a d s a ti t n e d

i budaya oleh masyaraka tIngg irs .Dia mempejruangkan identtia s a

y n il s

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1 I R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

.

A Backgroundoft heStudy

a e d i d n a n o it o m e r i e h t s s e r p x e o t s g n i e b n a m u h r o f s y a w y n a m e r a e r e h T

. e r u t a r e ti l n i s i a e d i r i e h t s s e r p x e o t e s u n a c y e h t y a w f o e n O . r e h t o e h t o t

e r u t a r e ti

L i sa unique medium to states idea ,tells expeirence ,and ciritcize a .

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v it a n i g a m

i l yand creaitvel yabouthumanbeing andtheriexpeirence .Theaimo f t

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l i sto tel lthe story mriro irng the author’ swo lrd and perspecitve ,to g

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y l g n it s e r e t n i y t e i c o s n i n o n e m o n e h

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e a nd the envrionmen t o r society around them . The condiiton o f r o s i h s e k a m r e ti r w e h t s a e m it e m a s n i e b n a c e r u t a r e ti l n i y t e i c o s r o t n e m n o ri v n e

r e f e r r o s k r o w y r a r e ti l r e

h s to the pas t itme he o rshe want sto reveal .In thi s l

a e v e r o t d e d e e n s i y r o t s i h o t e c n e r e f e r f o e l o r e h t ,s i s e h

t howacetrain condiiton

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o it a n a l p x

e aboutl tieratureand tisf uncitonas:

t o n s i e r u t a r e ti l t a h t , t s ri f : s n o it r e s s a r i e h t y n e d n a c , e s r u o c f o , e n o o N

s a e d i s e i d o b m e e r u t a r e ti l t a h t , d n o c e s d n a , m u u c a v a n i d e t a e r c

d n a t s r e d n u o t e l b i s s o p m i s i tI . ti d e c u d o r p t a h t e r u tl u c e h t o t t n a c if i n g i s

y ll u

(16)

a m t fi w S n a h t a n o J s n o i s u ll a e h t f o e g d e l w o n k d n

a kest o ph liosophyand

s c it il o

p (Rohberger&Woods ,1971 :9). e r u t a r e ti

L tisel f no t only ente train s reade r through ti s beauty and s l a t u b , s t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t f o g n it s e r e t n

i o inform ,suggest ,and convince the f o t n i o p r e ti r w e h t n o d e s a b y t e i c o s n i t n e m n o ri v n e f o n o it i d n o c a t u o b a r e d a e r d n a n e p p a h t a h t s n o it i d n o c r o s t n e v e r a l u c it r a p e m o S . w e i

v g ive impac tto the

. t n e m m o c e v i g o t l a c it ir c e b o t e n o e m o s r e g g ir t y t e i c o

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c ndiitons i n t he society i n Asia’ speople is t he hib irdtiy and resistance o fnew y ti t n e d i l a n o it a

n in migrant sa sthe effec to fcolonia lhegemony ,especially the f o l a i n o l o c t s o

p Brtiain.

k r o w y r a r e ti l a s e t a e r c r e ti r w a y a w e h

T i sin lfuencedbyt heenvrionmen t t n e v e d n

a s which happened in the society .The even to rcondiiton which i s s ’ r e ti r w e h t t u o b a e c n i v n o c o t s i k r o w r e h r o s i h h g u o r h t r e ti r w e h t y b d e t n e s e r p s e b n a c k r o w y r a r e ti l ,t l u s e r a s A . n o it i d n o c e h t t u o b a w e i v f o t n i o

p aida samriro r

n e p p a h t n e m n o ri v n e f o n o it i d n o c n

o s int hes ocietyandgiveanothe rpoin to fview h ti w r e f fi d y t e i c o s n i n o n e m o n e h p r o n o it i d n o c e h t t u o b a r e d a e r e h t o

t common

. d l o t y r o t s i h s i h n i d n u

L Ltierary C iritcsim :A Prime ,r explain sthe role o fhistory . k r o w y r a r e ti l a d r a w o t e h t o t r o y r o t s i h o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w d e i d u t s s i e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a n e h W , r e v e w o H . c it s il a m r o f r o , c i s n ir t n i s i h c a o r p p a e h t , r o h t u a e h t f o e fi l d n a y h p o s o li h p : s e n il p i c s i d c it s i n a m u h r e h t o o w t o t d e t a l e r s i e r u t a r e ti l , y t u a e b , h t u rt s a h c u s , s a e d i l a r e n e g , c i s a b s e r o l p x e y h p o s o li h P . y r o t s i h t s a p e h t n i d e n e p p a h t a h w n i a tr e c s a o t s t p m e tt a y r o t s i H . s s e n d o o g d n a e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t s r e d a e r p l e h y a m y h p o s o li h P . d e n e p p a h t i y h w d n a . k r o w y r a r e ti l a f o , s e m e h t r o , s a e d i l a r e n e

(17)

s i h n

I LtieraryC iritcism :APrimer ,Lundargues tha thistory havear ole d

n a t s a p e h t n i d e n e p p a h n o it i d n o c n i a tr e c e h t e c a rt o

t it scause .Thatr eferencet o s

p l e h y r o t s i h

a torevealacetraincondiitoni nl tierarywork .However ,analyzing a t

u o h ti w k r o w y r a r e ti

l any referencemakes atextual analysi swhich tj us focus on ,

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t c no f ilc tandothers intirnsic element .s n

e ll A d r a h c i

R in his work Ltierature and History in Ltierature and 0

0 8 1 a i d n I d n a n i a ti r B : n o it a

n -1990 state sthe relaiton between history and :

s a e r u t a r e ti l

y n a m r o f s e i d u t s y r a r e ti l d e m r o f n i s a h t a h t f e il e b a y b d e n n i p r e d n u s i tI

’t x e t n o c ‘ e h t d n a s t x e t y r a r e ti l n e e w t e b n o it c e n n o c a s i e r e h t t a h t : s r a e

y -

ti l o p , l a i c o

s ical , economic ,phliosophica l - from which they emerge .)

0 1 : 0 0 0 2 , n e ll A (

t a h t s e t a t s n e ll

A ltierary work s are in lfuenced by cetrain histo irca l n

e p p a h n o it i d n o

c e d in t hesocietybeforeo rdu irngt hatl tierarywork sweremade . k

r o w y r a r e ti l e h

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m awrtiert outteraphenomenoninas ociety. s k r o w y r a r e ti l g n it s e r e t n i e h t f o e n

O t hat shows t hecondiiton o fpeople e

r a o h

w affected byt hei renvrionmen tandsociety ,andalsot heuseo fhistoryand o

s cia l record i s a shor t story by diaspo irc wrtie r (chlid o f migrant ) Hani f .

” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “ d e lt it n e s ’i h s i e r u

K Thes ho trs tory“MySont heFanaitc”i s t

i e s u a c e b n e s o h

c showst hecondiitono fthesociety ,especially colonized people t

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w thecolonia lgaze, andalso a smigrant speoplewho alsoadaptt henew n

o it a

n ali denttiy wherethey ilvein .Peoplewho arecolonized o rcomet o a new ,

e c a l

p adapt the new gaze which is dominan . I t ct an be said tha t they are d

e s s e r p p

(18)

e v il y e h

t . On the othe rhand ,the othe rgroup o fpeople who are colonized y

ll a c i s y h

p ro ideologically have thei rrefusa land resistance o ftha tcolonizing. l

a s u f e r d n a e c n a t p e c c a f o s n o it c a e r t n e r e f fi d o w t e s o h

T a reshown by t wo majo r

i n a t s i k a P e r a m e h t f o h t o B . il A d n a z e v r a P : e r a y e h T . y r o t s tr o h s t a h t n i s r e t c a r a h c

o h

w i smigrantsi nLondon. a

e h

T cceptanceo fnew naitonal i denttiy which i sdominan tfrom a new e

h t s i d n a

l f c so u o fhib irdtiy.Hib irdtiypoint son t hecombinaiton oft wo dfiferen t .

e r u tl u c d n a y ti t n e d i f o s t n e m e l

e A cc ording to Habib in A History o fLtierary ,

t n e s e r P e h t o t o t a l P m o r F : m s i c it i r

C hec s tie Hom iK .Bhaba’st ermo fhib ird tiy a s “hyb irdtiy expresse sa state o f“in betweenness” ,a sin a person who stand s

s e r u tl u c o w t n e e w t e

b ” (Habib ,2005 :750) . Then i n anotheri denttiy ,resistance s

r a e p p

a eb cause the disagreement s o f the colonia l gaze , people reject the g

n i z i n o l o

c gaze beca su e ti conrtas ts wtih thei r own identtiy . According to n

i r e m h e o

B Colonia landPostcolonia lLtierature ,hestatest hatr esistancei sused e

d , r e w o p n i e g n a h c a s a l l e w s a s e v it c e p s r e p t s il a i n o l o c t s i s e r o

t colonizaiton

l li t s d n a d e d n a m e

d demand ssymboilcoverhau,l r eshapingo fdominan tmeaning s )

3 : 5 0 0 2 , r e m h e o B

( .T histhesi sanalyzestheaciton o fhib irdtiy and resistance fo i

h w y ti t n e d i l a n o it a n w e

n ch i sdominan tand how they can be catego irzed a s d

n a d ir b i

h resistanceinpracitca lways. .

B ProblemFormula iton e e r h t e r a e r e h

T quesitons which are used to have understanding on t

p e c n o

c and practica l acitons o f hib irdtiy and resistance toward colonizer’ s n

o y g o l o e d

(19)

.

1 Howaret het womaincharacter so fParvezandAl idescirbe d? .

2 Wha tare the reacitons fo Parvez and Al itoward B iritsh society in n

o d n o

L ?

.

3 HowParvezandAilcanbeconsidered as hib irdandresistant? .

C Objecitve soft heStudy

s i h t , n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a

B thesis aim s to identfiy the t

n e r e f fi

d reacitons whicharegiven byPakistan imigrantsinLondonast hepar to f y

t e i c o s h s it ir

B .They are acceptance (hib irdtiy )and resistance o fnew naitonal n

o y ti t n e d

i Pakistan iwho are migrants in London which i sre lfected in two r

a h c i n a t s i k a

P acters . Iniitally , the wrtie r want s to identfiy the character’ s w o n k o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , n e h T . i h s i e r u K f i n a H , r o h t u a e h t y b n e v i g n o it p ir c s e d

r i e h t t a h

w aciton t oward B iritsh society as t hei rnew place t hey ilve .In t hel ast , t

u o d n if o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h

t howParvezand Al ican becatego irzed a shyb ird da n resistance through t heripracitca lacitonsbased on t he character sdescirpiton and

. y t e i c o s h s it ir B d r a w o t s n o it c a e r ri e h t

.

D Deifni itono fTerms

t u o b a r e d a e r e h t o t s n o it i n if e d e m o s e v i g o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n I

n o it a n a l p x e r e h tr u f e h t n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t r e d r o n i d e s u s m r e t y e k e m o s

h T . s i s e h t s i h t t u o b

a ose deifniitons o fkey terms are taken from some source .s

e i d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o p e h t t u o b a n r e c n o c h c i h w s k o o b

.

1 Hibrid tiy n i y r r a

(20)

( e r u tl u c e n o n a h t e r o m o t y l s u o e n a tl u m i

s Barry ,2002 :199 .)Habibi nAHsitoryo f ,

t n e s e r P e h t o t o t a l P m o r F : m s i c it i r C y r a r e ti

L c s tie Hom iK .Bhaba’ sterm o f hib irdtiy a sa state o f“in betweenness” ,as i n aperson who stand sbetween t wo

( s e r u tl u

c Habib ,2005 :750 .)Int hist hesis ,theeffec to fhib irdtiyi scausedbyt he e

v o

m m ento fpeoplei ntoanewl and. .

2 Resistance o t g n i d r o c c

A Boehmeri n Colonia land Postcolonia lLtierature ,hestate s i

n o l o c t s i s e r o t d e s u s i e c n a t s i s e r t a h

t ails tperspecitves a swel la sa change in e

d , r e w o

p colonizaiton demanded and stli ldemand ssymboilcoverhau,l r eshaping s

g n i n a e m t n a n i m o d f

o (Boehmer , 2005 : 3). Barry in Beginning theory : An Introduciton to Ltierary and Cutlura l Theory explain s tha t resistance in

s i l a i n o l o c t s o

p the effor to fthe colonized to reclaim thei rown past. Th en they e

d o r e o t n i g e

b thecoloniails tideologywhichdevalu esthei rowni deology(Barry , .)

3 9 1 : 2 0 0 2

.

3 Postcolonial

n i r e l s s e r B o t g n i d r o c c

A LtieraryC iritcism :AnI ntroducitont oTheoryand ,

e c it c a r

P Postcoloniailsm i sthe era tha ta counrty wa scolonized by anothe r r

e z i n o l o c n a e p o r u E y ll a i c e p s e , y rt n u o c t n a n i m o

d (Bressler ,1999 :265) . In thi s s

u c o f e h t s i s e h

(21)

7 I I R E T P A H C

W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T

f o s e i d u t s e m o s ,s i s e h t s i h t g n it c u d n o c n

I et h sho trs toryandt heo ire sabou t l

a i n o l o c t s o

p ,especially thet hrid wo lrd o fpostcolonia lare used for t heanalysis . s

n o it c e s r u o f f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h

T ,t heyarereviewofr elateds tudie ,sr eviewo f .

k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t d n a , l a c ir o t s i h n o w e i v e r ,s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r

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i “Phenomenon” vol .9 - No .1 June 2005 enitlted “Tracing the e

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R Clash between Islamic Tradiiton and Western Value s in Hanfi s

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a Western lfiestyle ,and hi sson ,Ail , n

r u t e r o t s t n a w o h

(22)

” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M “ y r o t s t r o h s e h t f o t n i o p n i a m e h t t a h t s e u g r a a n r a k s I

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a presented by t heconfilc tbetween f athe rand Son.Healso states “My Son t he c

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T accepitng and rejecti gn ot the new way o flfie appear son s

’ a n r a k s

I analysis ,butt ha tspriti sseem al labou tWestern cutluret ha tclash wtih .

n o i g il e r c i m a l s

I Anothe rexampleont hes piir to faccepitngWesternvaluesi s: a

s a d n a l g n E n i g n i v i

L n immigrant ,Parvezexpeirences t hesevalues ,and hei sablet oadap thimseflt ot heseatlhoughs omeitme sbehavesi nt heway

s y a s n o it i d a rt d l o s i h t a h

t (Iskarna ,2005 :69). n

I tha texplanaiton ,Parvez stand son ot w idenitite ,s Western value sand n

O . s e u l a v n a t s i k a P n o it i d a rt d l o s i

h the conrtary ,an example on the spiir to f n

o n o it c e j e

r Westerncutlurei s:

t s n i a g a t h g if o t t n e m e v o m a s e k a m o h w i l A e k il n

U Western value sand

s i d n a l g n E n i y n it s e d s i h t a h t s r e d i s n o c i l A , y ti n u m m o c a d e z i n a g r o

i m r e t e

d ned by how he ,a san i ndividua,l i sablet o survive and adaptt o a .)

(23)

s i h n i il

A effo tr t irest o against theWestern values which areconrtast t o .

s e v e il e b e h n o it i d a rt c i m a l s I e h

t Heassumest ha thecan ilvewtihou tfollow t he n

r e t s e

W value .sInt hel as,tI skarnaconcludes:

y r o t s e h t , n o it a z il i v i c f o h s a l c s ’ n o t g n it n u H f o n o it i s o p o r p e h t g n i s U

e h t d n a m a l s I f o w e i v t c ir t s e h t y b d e s u a c y ll a u t c a s i h s a l c e h t w o h s l a e v e r

n r e t s e

W value so ffreedom ,human irght ,s i ndividuailsm ,democracy ,and t heseparaiton ofr eilgionand poilitc sorr eilgiou sandsociall fie( Iskarna ,

.) 2 7 : 5 0 0 2

t u o b a s i y r o t s t r o h s e h t t a h t s e t a t s a n r a k s I , e l c it r a s i h f o n o i s u l c n o c e h t n I

n o it a z il i v i c f o h s a l c e h

t which i s presente d by characters . Tha t clash o f s

i n o it a z il i v i

c t irggered by the dfiferen tvalues ,the roots o fthe clash are stirc t r

a l u c e s e h t d n a m a l s I f o w e i

v Western cu tlure .Sincet hey havedfiferen tvalues , .t

e e m y e h t n e h w h s a l c s y a w l a y e h t

y d u t s r e h t o n

A aboutt heshor tstory doneby Ald tia Intan Rahmaniai n an d

e lt it n e s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n

u Analysi son t heColilsion o fIslam Fundamentailsm Cutlureand Western Cutlurea sPerceived byt heCharactersi n Hani fKureish 'i s

” c it a n a F e h t n o S y M

“ (2008). In he rundergraduate thesis ,she highilght sthe o

w t f o h s a l

c dfiferen tcutlures:

m a l s I n e e w t e b h s a l c l a r u tl u c e h t g n it h g il t o p s s i s i s e h t s i h T

d n a e r u tl u c m s il a t n e m a d n u

F Western cutlure ;i tshow show two cutlure s d

n a m a l s I t a h t w e n k e w s A . g n i d il l o c e r

a Westernarealwaysi ncolilding (

n o i s il l o c t a h t e t a e r c h c i h w s e s u a c y n a m e r a e r e h t d n a n o it a u ti

s Rahmania ,

.) 9 : 8 0 0 2

, s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u t a h t n

I Rahmania state stha tdfiferen tcutlure and d

n a e r u tl u c m s il a t n e m a d n u F m a l s I n e e w t e b w e i v f o t n i o

p Westerncutluret irgger s

t a h t g n i z y l a n a n I . n o i s il l o c n i m e h

t colilsion ,she invesitgate ssome cause stha t .

(24)

e h t t a h t e d u l c n o c n a c r e ti r w e h t , e n o d n e e b s a h t a h t s i s y l a n a e h t m o r F

d n a e r u tl u c m s il a t n e m a d n u F m a l s I n e e w t e b t c il f n o

c Western cutlure i s

a

c usedbyt heatttiudeoft hecharactersi n t hewayt hey perceivet hevalue d e tl u s e r t i o s e c n e r e f fi d s 'r e h t o t c e p s e r t o n n a c y e h t e s u a c e b e r u tl u c e h t r o

o t g n o l e b o t e v a h y e h t t a h t n o it a u ti s d a b a n

i (Rahmania ,2008: 95 .) a

i n a m h a

R analyzes on how t hecolilsion happens .Sheconcludes that t he o

h w s r e t c a r a h c e h t h t o b f o e d u ti tt a e h t s i n o i s il l o c e h t f o e s u a

c donotr espectt he

e r u tl u c r e h t

o s .Sincet hey cannotr espectt heothe,r t hey arealwaysi n acolilsion. e

t c a r a h c e h t y b d e t n e s e r p s i t a h

W ri sthe representaiton o fthe clash o ftwo .s

e r u tl u c

o w t e r a e r e h

T previou sstudie sabou tthe shor tstory done by Tatang m

e h t f o h t o B . a i n a m h a R n a t n I a ti d l A d n a a n r a k s

I highilght on t he clash of t wo ;

s e r u tl u

c IslamiccutlureandWesterncutlure .Theyfocu sonhowt heycaninvolve n

o it a u ti s g n i d il l o c n

i through t heconfilc toft wocharacters ,ParvezandAl.iThey n r e t s e W d n a e r u tl u c c i m a l s I n e e w t e b d n u o r g k c a b e r u tl u c t n e r e f fi d e h t n o t n i o p

. e ti s o p p o s i d e t a t s y e h t h c i h w e r u tl u

c Howeve,rt hist hesisf ocus se ont hereaciton s n i d e t n e s e r p e r a h c i h w m o t s u c e h t d n a y ti t n e d i e h t d r a w o t s t n a r g i m i n a t s i k a P f o

h s it ir

B society. They show t hei raciton so fhib ird tiy and resistancet o single ou t r

i e h

t iden itites .Since thi s thesi s has dfiferen t topic and analysi sfrom both ,

s e i d u t s s u o i v e r

p i tcan be said tha tthi sthesi sdiscover ssomething new. Thi s e h t s a n o d n o L n i s t n a r g i m i n a t s i k a P y b n e v i g s n o it c a e r e h t y fi t n e d i o t s m i a s i s e h t

d i w e n f o e c n a t s i s e r d n a y ti d ir b i h : e r a y e h T . y t e i c o s h s it ir B f o t r a

p enitite .s

s i s e h t s i h

T focuse s on hib irdtiy and resistance happen in migrants who h c i h w e r u tl u c d n a s ti b a h w e n e h t y b d e t a li m i s s a e r a y e h T . d n a l w e n a o t e m o c

(25)

i b a h o w t n e e w t e

b t sand cu tlure t(henew and t he o irgin )o rmake an adaptaiton , .

d n a l w e n e h t y b d e r e f f o s i t a h t y ti t n e d i w e n e h t t c e j e r n e h t

.

B Reviewo fRelatedTheories

.

1 Theorie sonCharacterandCharacteriza iton

. A .

J Cuddon i n Penguin Dicitonary o fLtieraryTerm u ses the t erm t ha t n

o i n i p o t n e i c n a e h t s e s s u c s i d n o c a B s i c n a r

F in hi sAdvancemen to fLearning t

a h t ) 5 0 6 1

( man wa smicrocosmus , an absrtac to rmode lo fthe wo lrd .Anothe r n

o it a n a l p x

e s abou tcharacte rwhich i susedbyCuddon i st heSi rWatle rRalegh’ s g

n it ir

w i nHistoryoft heWorld(1614 ) ,“Becausei nt hel tiltef rameo fman' sbody n o it a p i c it r a p f o d n i k a ) n o i s u ll a y b ( d n a ; l a s r e v i n U e h t f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r a s i e r e h t

d e ll a c n a m s a w e r o f e r e h t , e r e h t s tr a p e h t ll a f

o Microcosmos ,ort hel tilteWo ” lrd 8

9 9 1 , n o d d u C

( :126 .)Theexplanaiton saboutcharacte rabovemeant ha tcharacte r s i n o d d u C y b d e t a t s s i h c i h w y r o e h t t a h T . s e v il e h y t e i c o s n i n o it i d n o c a t n e s e r p e r

o t d e s

u proof tha tcharacter sin “My Son The Fanaitc” represen ta condiiton in y

t e i c o

s .

J .

M . Murphy in Understanding Unseen : An Introduciton to Engilsh s

t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f l e v o N h s il g n E e h t d n a y r t e o

P state stha tthere are many f

o s y a

w theauthort ogivedesirpitonandunderstandingaboutt he c ah car tert ot he r

e d a e

r (Murphy ,1972 :161-173 .) He formulate shi siden itifcaiton o fcharacters :

y b

s e D l a n o s r e P .

a cirpiton r o h t u a e h

T can descirbea person’ sappearanceand clothe sby t elilng t he u

s s li a t e

(26)

.

b C ah car te ra sSeenbyAnother s

e d r o h t u a e h

T cirbe sthecharacte rbyt heopinion so fothe rc ah car ter .s h

c e e p S . c

h g u o r h t n o it p ir c s e d s e v i g r o h t u a e h

T wha t a person says .I tcan be s

e t a t s e h n e h w r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c y b d e v r e s b

o opinion ,whichmean shei s

e u l c e m o s g n i v i

g s aboutt hecharacte.r .

d Pas tLfie

r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y

B s learns omethingabou taperson’spastl fie, theautho r e b n a c t I .r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a e v i g n a c

s i h , s t h g u o h t s ’ n o s r e p e h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d e h t h g u o r h t n e e s

it a s r e v n o

c onort hemediumo fanothe rperson. r

e v n o C .

e saitono fothers r o h t u a e h

T give sdescirp iton o fa characte rby the conversaiton o fothe r s

r e t c a r a h

c .They talk abou th is lfie and the thing sthey say to give cl eu s abou t m

i h .

s n o it c a e R . f

n a c r o h t u a e h

T descirbe the characte rby letitng the readers know how .s

t n e v e r o s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r e h s / e h

t n e m m o C t c e ri D . g

e v i g r o h t u a e h

T s desc irpitont hroughcommen tonthecharacters d rieclty. t

h g u o h T . h

e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h

T s thecharacters by l etitng t hereaders know what t he .t

(27)

.i Manne irsm

r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h

T s byhi smanners andhabtis . s

y a w e n i n h g u o r h

T tha t the autho r give s abou t the descirpiton o f r

e t c a r a h

c s ina ifcitona lworkhestates ,Murphyhelpst her eadert oi dentfiyhowa n

i e l k n e H . d e b ir c s e d r e t c a r a h

c Reading the Novel state s the role o f :

s a n o it c if n o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c

e h t d n A . e c n e ir e p x e l a n o it c if e h t o t l a rt n e c s i , e r o f e r e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C

c n ir

p ipleobjecitveoft hecreaiton o fcharactersi n noveli st o enableust o .)

6 8 : 7 7 9 1 , e l k n e H ( e l p o e p , e c n e ir e p x e o t d n a , d n a t s r e d n u

t s e r e t n i l a rt n e c e h t s i )l e v o n ( k r o w l a n o it c if n i r e t c a r a h c t a h t s e t a t s e l k n e H

e s u a c e b k r o w l a n o it c if e h t n

i a characte rhelp sthe reade rto understand and to e

c n e ir e p x

e wha thappeni nas ociety. .

2 Theorie sonPostcoloniali sm

n a y l o l o T g i h c a h K d n a , y r r a h d e e r G i n il a n ir M , r a i u g A n a ir a

M in The

e h t o t 6 6 9 1 m o rf y r o e h T y r a r e ti L : y r o e h T e r u tl u C d n a y r a r e ti L f o a i d e p o l c y c n E

t n e s e r

P statepostcolonials tudyas:

e h t f o d o ir e p e h t h ti w s n i g e b s e i d u t s l a i n o l o c t s o p , e s n e s e n o n I

e h t n I . I I r a W d lr o W d e w o ll o f t a h t s e ri p m e n a e p o r u E f o n o it a z i n o l o c e d

e h t h ti w y l h g u o r s n i g e b n o it a z i n o l o c e d f o a r e e h t , n e h t , t x e t n o c h s it ir B

n o it it r a

p ofI ndiaandPakistani n1947( Ryan ,2011 :765). r

a i u g

A explain s tha t postcolonia l highilghts on the pe irod atfe r the tr

o f f e y n a m e r a e r e h t , m s il a i n o l o

c s o fpeople who arecolonized rty t o erasethe n

o it a z i n o l o c e d f o d o ir e p e h t , s d d a r a i u g A . e z a g l a i n o l o

c o fBrtiish in India and

e s ir a n a t s i k a

P s thepostcolonials tudybothi nI ndiaandPakistan. n

i r e l s s e r B o t g n i d r o c c

A Ltierary C iritcism :An Introduciton to Theory ,

e c it c a r P d n

(28)

t n a n i m o

d counrty, especially European colonizer .In thi sthesis, the focu so f h

s it ir B s i r e z i n o l o

c Emprie .Postcoloniailsm a sa reference t o a histo irca lphase e

n il c e d e h t r e tf a s e ir t n u o c d lr o W d ri h T y b e n o g r e d n

u o fcoloniailsm:f o rexample , ,

a i s A n i s e ir t n u o c n e h

w Af irca ,Laitn Ameirca ,and t heCairbbeanseparatedf rom n

a e p o r u E e h

t Emprie sandarel etft or ebulidt hemselves( Bressler ,1999 :26 5 .) n

i r e m h e o

B Colonia l and Postcolonia l Ltierature state s tha t t

n a r g i m y b d e c n e ir e p x e y ti l a i n o l o c t s o

p s from Thrid Wo lrd who come to Fris t )

e p o r u E ( d lr o

W , t heyarecutlurally andi deologically dominatedbytheEuropean e

z a

g through the habtis and cu tlure in European society .I tcan be said tha t t

n a r g i

m s in Fris tWo lrd are colonized by the identtiy and custom fo the Fris t p

w e n ( d lr o

W lace) .Thes pi ir to fpostcoloniailsmw s oant t abre kthedominaitono f s

ti h g u o r h t d lr o W t s ri F e h t y b d e t o m o r p s i h c i h w y ti t n e d i w e n e h

t interesitng

, s ti b a h d n a e r u tl u

c backt o t heold i denttiy and rtadiiton whicht hemigrants have (Boehmer ,2005 :229-231 .) In LtieraryCriitcism :An I ntroduciton t o Theoryand

e c it c a r

P ,Bressle ralsos tatest hedominaitono fB iritshEmp rieas:

t a h t s i , r e v e w o h , e t a t s y ll a c it a h p m e s c it ir c t s il a i n o l o c t s o p l l a t a h W

, r u c c o d i d m s il a i n o l o c n a e p o r u

E thatt heB iritsh Empriewa satt hecente r l a c i s y h p e h t d e t a n i m o d y l n o t o n s r o r e u q n o c e h t t a h t , m s il a i n o l o c s i h t f o

t a h t d n a , e l p o e p d e z i n o l o c e h t f o y g o l o e d i r o y n o m e g e h e h t o s l a t u b d n a l

d o t t l e f g n i e b l li t s d n a y n a m e r a s n o it a z i n o l o c e s e h t f o s t c e f f e e h

t ay

6 6 2 : 9 9 9 1 , r e l s s e r B

( -267 .)

t a h t s e t a t s n ir e u G d e r fl i

W Thrid Wo lrd wrtier sfocu son both coloniailsm s

e g n a h c e h t d n

a which are created i n a postcolonia lcutlure .Tha tchange s tisel f r

o ti r r e t e h t n i y l n o t o

n i alcolonizaiton ,bu talso t he i deologi cal colonizaiton .T he s

e g n e ll a h

(29)

d e t a e r c e r a h c i h w e r u tl u c r i e h t t u o b a n o it p e c n o c e r p e h t t a b m o c d n a e r u tl u c r i e h t

.) 3 0 3 : 5 0 0 2 , n ir e u G ( r e z i n o l o c e h t y b

o s l a r a i u g

A borrows the work of David Spurr’ sThe Rhetoric o fEmpire r

a e p p a t a h t n o it a t n e s e r p e r e h t t u o b a s e s s u c s i d h c i h w ) 3 9 9 1

( s inpostcolonia lstudy

h c u s :

e d i w a f o s t c u d o r p t n e d n e p e d n i s a n o it c n u f o t r a e p p a s n o it a t n e s e r p e R

o l o c f o w e i v f o t n i o p e h t m o r f d e i d u t s t u b , s r o h t u a f o e g n a

r nia ldiscourse

c i p o t e h t n o d n a t u o b a g n i k a e p s f o s y a w f o e g n a r d e ti m il a l a e v e r s i s y l a n a

o t e u n it n o c , s e t o n , s r e h t o g n o m a , r r u p S s a , d n a , t c e j b u s l a i n o l o c e h t f o

d lr o W d ri h T e h t t n e s e r p e r d n a t u o b a k a e p s e w h c i h w n i s y a w e h t t c e f f a

o h w s t n a r g i m m i e h t d n

a ilvei nt heFris tWo lrdt oday( Ryan ,2011 :768) r

a i u g

A explain stha tbasically in postcolonia lframe ,the focu so fthe n

o it a z il a i n o l o c f o e n il c e d e h t r e tf a d o ir e p e h t s i s i s y l a n

a and dominaiton o fthe

) e ri p m E n a e p o r u E ( d lr o W t s ri

F no thecountire so fThridWo lrd .However ,ast he e

m

it goe s by ,the focu so f postcolonia l are the lfie o fcountire swhich ea r e l p o e p d lr o W d ri h T f o e fi l e h t o s l a d n a e ri p m E n a e p o r u E y b d e z i n o l o c y ll a c i s y h p

t n a r g i m s a d lr o W t s ri F o t n i e m o c o h

w s who arestli lbeimagined by t hegaze a s x

e e h

t -colonized .Thought heyknowt hatt heyarei ndependen tnow ,ilvingi nFris t s

e k a m d lr o

W them remembe irng the shape fo coloniailsm they had before and o

d y e h

t no twantt hats tiuaitonhappens againi nt hei rnewl fie.

Revath i K irshnaswamy’ s work Mythologie s o f Migrancy in Linked d

l r o W d e z il a b o l G n i s e i d u t S l a