Masa Depan KPK.

~ SEPUTAR INDONESIA

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Masa Depan KP

R O M L I A T M A S A S M IT A

Guru Besar Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)/Inisiator Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK)

S e tia p k r itik

d iid e n tik k a n

d e n g a n

p e le m a h a n .

K o n s tr u k s i

p e m ik ir a n s e p e r ti

in ite la h

m e n e m p a tk a n

k e lim a p im p in a n

K P K m e n g a b a ik a n

s o p a n s a n tu n d a n

e tik a

k e le m b a g a a n .

p a y a m e m b e n tu k K o -m is i P e m b e r a n ta s a n K o r u p s i ( K P K ) tid a k m u d a h k a r e n a m e m e r lu k a n s tu d i k e la y a k a n y a n g d a p a t d i-te r im a k e tik a itu ( e r a R e f o r -m a s i) d a n -m e -m e n u h i h a r a p a n r a k y a t y a n g d im a n d a tk a n d a -la m T A P M P R N o m o r X I /1 9 9 8 . S e la in itu , s e ja la n d e n g a n p e n -c a b u ta n U U N o 3 T a h u n 1 9 7 1 d e n g a n U U N o 3 1 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 y a n g m e m a s u k k a n k e te n tu a n p e m b u k tia n te r b a lik te r b a ta s d a n m e n g in g a t b e lu m e f e k tif -n y a k e p o lis ia -n d a n k e ja k s a a n m e m b e r a n ta s k o r u p s i, m a k a d ig a g a s p e m b e n tu k a n K P K o le h F r a k s i P P P d a n k e m u d ia n d ic a n tu m k a n d a la m P a s a l 4 3 U U N o 3 1 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 .

P e m b e n tu k a n K P K s e m p a t te r g a n tu n g s e la m a d u a ta h u n k e tik a itu k a r e n a p e m e r in ta h d a n p a r le m e n m a s ih r a g u a k a n k e b e r d a y a a n b a d a n b a r u te r -s e b u t. T u n tu ta n r e f o r m a -s i y a n g te r u s m e n g g e m a a k h ir n y a · m e n d o r o n g p e m e r in ta h m e -la lu i K e m e n te r ia n K e h a k im a n ( m a s a Y u s r il I h z a M a h e n d r a ) y a n g m e la n ju tk a n b e r s a m a -s a m a T a u f ie q u r r a h m a n R u k i, T e te n M a s d u k i, P r o f

J

S a h e -ta p y , C h a m id H a lid , d a n s e -o r a n g a n g g o ta B P K P , s e r ta p e n u lis u n tu k m e la k u k a n s tu d i b a n d in g d e n g a n d a n a b a n tu a n A D B s e n ila i U S D 1 ju ta m e -n g u -n ju -n g i H o n g K o n g , A u s -tr a lia , S in g a p u r a , M a la y s ia , F ilip in a , d a n T h a ila n d .

S e la in itu p e n u lis b e r s a m a -s a m a J u s u f S y a k ir ( m a n ta n K e tu a K P K P N ) d e n g a n d a n a U S A I D te la h m e n g u n ju n g i W a s h in g to n D C u n tu k m e -n i-n ja u D e p a r te m e n K e h a k im -a n d -a n K -a n to r E tik P e m e r in t-a h ( G o v e r n m e n t's o f P u b lic E th ic s ) u n q .ti<m e n e liti m e k a n is m e p e la p o r a n h a r ta k e k a y a a n p e n y e -le n g g a r a n e g a r a .

A d a b e b e r a p a k e s im p u la n y a n g k a m i d a p a tk a n d a r i b e b e

-r a p a s tu d i b a n d in g te r s e b u t.

Pertama

b a h w a s tr u k tu r o r g a -n is a s i d a -n k o m p o s is i p im p i-n a -n k o m is i a n tik o r u p s i d i n e g a r a -n e g a r a o b je k s tu d i m a s ih b e r -a d -a d i b -a w -a h p e r d -a n -a m e n te r i a ta u g u b e r n u r je n d e r a l. F o r -m a tn y a p u n h a n y a te r d ir i a ta s tig a p im p in a n s a ja s e r ta h a n y a m e m ilik i ~ e w e n a n g p e n y id ik -a n , s e d -a n g k -a n w e w e n a n g p e -n u -n tu ta -n b e r a d a

pada

k e -ja k s a a n .

Kedua,

w e w e n a n g p r o y u s tis ia k o m is ite r s e b u ttid a k m a n -d ir i k a r e n a m a s ih m e n u n g g u iz in P e r d a n a M e n te r i a ta u G u -b e r n u r je n d e r a l u n tu k m e -n y id ik te r s a n g k a p e n y e le n g -g a r a n e -g a r a .

K e tig a ,w e w e n a n g p e n y a d a p -a n d i n e g -a r -a te r s e b u t h a r u s s e -iz in p e n g a d ila n n e g e r i. K o n d is i I n d o n e s ia d i m a n a s is te m b ir o -k r a s i d a n s is te m p e r a d ila n w a r is a n O r d e B a r u m a s ih k o r u p tid a k m u n g k in m e n g ik u ti k e -d u -d u k a n d a n p o la k e r ja k o m is i a n tik o r u p s i d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a te r s e b u t.

Aturan Ketat

B e r d a s a r k a n k a jia n te r -s e b u t, m u n c u lla h k e te n tu a n k e w e n a n g a n K P K y a n g lu a r b ia s a s e b a g a im a n a te r c a n tu m d i d a la m U U N o 3 0 T a h u n 2 0 0 2 te n ta n g K P K . L a ta r b e la k a n g d a n la n d a s a n p e m ik ir a n p e m -b e n tu k a n K P K te r s e b u t te n tu m e m e r lu k a n p im p in a n ( k o -m is io n e r ) K P K y a n g b e r a n i m a ti, b e r in te g r ita s tin g g i, ti-d a k la g im a u ti-d ip e n g a r u h is ia p a p u n , te r m a s u k k e lu a r g a n y a , d a n m e m ilik i s o lid a r ita s in te r -n a ly a -n g k u a t.

K e lim a p im p in a n K P K d i-ik a t d a la m s a tu k e te n tu a n u n -tu k m e m u -tu s k a n s e c a r a k o le k -tif s e tia p la n g k a h h u k u m y a n g d ila k u k a n . K e p a d a m e r e k a d i-b e r la k u k a n k e te n tu a n d a s y a r a t- s y a r a t p e n g a n g k a ta d a n p e m b e r h e n tia n y a n g k e ta t

d a n k e r a s , t e r m a s u k p e n e r a p

-a n s -a n k s i p e l -a n g g -a r -a n h u k u m

d a n k o d e e t i k .

K e t e n t u a n k e r a s d a n k e t a t

b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e m e l i h a r a .

d a n m e n j a g a k e w i b a w a a n p i r n

-p i n a n K P K d i h a d a p a n I e m

-b a g a p e n e g a k h u k u m l a i n d a n

d i h a d a p a n p u b l i k k a r e n a k e

-w e n a n g a n K P K m e n j a d i l e m

-b a g a k o o r d i n a s i d a n s u p e r v i s i

l e m b a g a p e n e g a k h u k u m l a i n

d a n k e m e n t e r i a n d a n l e m b a g a

d i l n d o n e s i a .

S e l e p a s K P K j i l i d I , s e j a k

m u n c u l k a s u s B i b i t - C h a n d r a ,

p u b l i k d i h a d a p k a n p a d a k e

-r a g u - -r a g u a n a k a n p r o f e s i o n a l i

-t a s d a n i n t e g r i t a s p i m p i n a n

K P K . S a m p a i a k h i r n y a d u d u k

p e r k a r a k a s u s i n i d i b u a t j e l a s

d e n g a n t u r u n n y a P u t u s a n

M a h k a m a h K o n s t i t u s i ( M K ) R I

s e b a g a i t i n d a k l a n j u t d a r i T i m 8

d i b a w a h p i m p i n a n A d n a n

B u y u n g N a s u t i o n .

N a m u n t r a u m a k r i m i n a l

-i s a s -i B -i b -i t - C h a n d r a t e t a p b e r

-g a y u t d i k a l a n g a n p i m p i n a n

K P K s a m p a i s a a t i n i s e h i n g g a

m e r e k a t a m p a k s e r i n g r a g u

-r a g u k e t i k a K P K m e n g h a d a p i

k a s u s k o r u p s i y a n g m e l i b a t k a n

k e k u a s a a n ; s e k a l i p u n t e l a h

b e r h a s i l m e n e t a p k a n h a m p i r

4 0 p e j a b a t n e g a r a s e b a g a i t e r

-s a n g k a / t e r d a k w a / t e r p i d a n a .

Etika

K P K d i a k u i t e l a h m e n j a d i

i k o n p e m b e r a n t a s a n k o r u p s i d i

m a t a m a s y a r a k a t m e l e b i h i P o l r i

d a n k e j a k s a a n . T e r l e b i h l a g i d i

k a l a n g a n l e m b a g a s w a d a y a m a

-s y a r a k a t a n t i k o r u p s i s e h i n g g a

a d a t u n t u t a n K P K t i d a k b o l e h

d i p e r s a l a h k a n a t a u d i k r i t i k .

B a h k a n K P K d i t e m p a t k a n p a d a

k e d u d u k a n y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i

d a r i M K a t a u M A . S e t i a p k r i t i k

d i i d e n t i k k a n d e n g a n p e l e m a h

a n . K o n s t r u k s i p e m i k i r a n s e p e r

-t i i n i -t e l a h m e n e m p a t k a n k e

-l i m a p i m p i n a n K P K m e n g a b a i

-k a n s o p a n s a n t u n . d a n e t i k a

k e l e m b a g a a n .

K o n s i s t e n s i k i p r a h K P K d a

-l a m m e n j a l a n k a n t u g a s d a n

w e w e n a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n U U

K P K p a t u t d i a p r e s i a s i s a m p a i

s a a t i n i . A k a n t e t a p i k e t i k a s e

-o r a n g p i m p i n a n K P K d a n p e

-g a w a i d i b a w a h n y a t e l a h d i

-n y a t a k a -n m e l a -n g g a r k o d e e t i k ,

b a h k a n t e r j a d i

dissenting-opinion

d a l a m m a s a l a h p e l a n g -g a r a n e t i k a , m a k a m e l u n t u r l a h

k e p e r c a y a a n p u b l i k . P a d a h a l

k e p e r c a y a a n i t u t e l a h d i

-b a n g u n d e n g a n s u s a h p a y a h

d a n k e r j a k e r a s p e m e r i n t a h

m e m b e n t u k K P K s e r t a k i n e r j a

b a i k y a n g t e l a h d i l a k s a n a k a n

p i m p i n a n K P K j i l i d I .

A d a l a h s u a t u k e n i s c a y a a n

b a h w a k o n d i s i K P K s a a t i n i

t e l a h d i j a d i k a n b u l a n - b u l a n a n

d a n t i d a k s e l a l u b e n a r b a h w a

r e a k s i t e r s e b u t s e b a g a i

corrup-tors fight back

a t a u p e l e m a h a n K P K . C o n t o h t e r a k h i r p e n g

-a k u -a n N a z a r u d d i n d i a k u i o l e h

s a l a h s a t u p i m p i n a n K P K d a n

p e g a w a i n y a d i i k u t i d e n g a n p u

-t u s a n K o m i t e E t i k y a n g t e l a h

m e n e m p a t k a n K P K b a k p e

-p a t a h " k e r i n g s e t a h u n d i h a p u s

h u j a n s e h a r i " . K e a d a a n i n i m e

-n u -n j u k k a -n

public trust

k e p a d a p i m p i n a n K P K s e m a k i n m e

-n u r u -n d a n m e n g k h a w a t i r k a n .

K P K s e b a g a i l e m b a g a t i d a k

b o l e h d i b u b a r k a n , t e t a p i s e l e k

-s i c a l o n p i m p i n a n K P K h a r u s

d i p e r k e t a t l a g i . S e l e k s i i t u d i

-s e -s u a i k a n d e n g a n p e n g a l a m a n

s e l e k s i c a l o n p i m p i n a n K P K

y a n g l a m p a u s e r t a m a s a l a h

p e r g a n t i a n p i m p i n a n K P K d i

t e n g a h j a l a n d a n p e m b e r h e n t i

-a n p i m p i n -a n K P K s e r t a k o d e

e t i k p i m p i n a n d a n p e g a w a i

K P K , t e r m a s u k s a n k s i t e r h a

-d a p p e l a n g g a r a n n y a . P e r u b a h

-a n - p e r u b -a h -a n t e r s e b u t t i d a k

m u n g k i n t a n p a p e r u b a h a n t e r

-h a d a p U U K P K ( 2 0 0 2 ) d a n

s u d a h s a a t n y a s e t e l a h m e l a l u i

p e r j a l a n a n s e l a m a d e l a p a n