Previous Research
There were some researchers such asVelásquez, Jalil, and Manel who conducted a study about code switching in the past. The first one wasVelásquez. Velásquez (2010)conducted a research entitled Language and Identity: Bilingual Code-Switching in Spanish-English Interviews. This research focused on the relationship in bilingual conversation between the first language and the second language. The purpose of this study was to understand why and how language alternation occured in bilingual and its potential connection with identity. The author decided to analyze code-switching in conversations between bilingual participants because they emerged naturally during a bilingual dialogue about the experiences of Spanish-speaking students in schools. Because interviews are a social practice through which social meaning is conveyed, code switching can be interpreted as part of cultural adaptation. The author presented code switching in this study in which the participants recreated their own concept of identity. The result of her study was the participants used code switching as part of the process in constructing various identities such as immigrants, students, and bilinguals. This code switching construction can be seen as a result and process that Spanish-English bilinguals employed to denote that they were different from other groups of monolingual speakers. She recommended others researchers to not do interview in research because the author felt that the participant could not express their code switch freely when the data collection method was by doing interview
analysis. The author used board game to collect the data. This board game was called Tell Me About which had 17 different open topics for conversation in English. The participant’s job was to give as many details as possible about the topic given. The participants were described in the methods section, such as the criteria to be the participants of this studyand how the author divided the group of the participants. Further explanation about the linguistic background and material used for collecting the data wereincluded by the author in data collection method. The result of his study was the participant usedintrasentential code-switching patterns to show their feeling toward the topic given by Jalil because the participants felt more comfortable when they code switch between their first language and their foreign language to express their feeling toward the topic. For future research, he suggested that preliminary investigation on the level of proficiency of the participants be carried out in an attempt to compare the proficiency of participants and maybe to predict the types of code-switches they made more frequently. Also, more patterns on possible switching sites should be developed in future research by using a larger data set or by repeating this game under different conditions.
The third study was conducted by Manel (2010). Manel conducted a studyentitled Code-switching Among English Students: A Case Study of Mentouri University-Constantine
