PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID PADA TIKUS PUTIH
(Rattus novergicus) DISLIPIDEMIA
Abstrak
Dislipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor resiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV). Dislipidemia ditandai dengan abnormalitas pada profil lipid dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap parameter profil lipid yaitu kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), dan HDL
(High Density Lipoprotein) pada tikus dislipidemia.
Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan karakteristik, skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol biji pepaya, dan pengujian ekstrak etanol biji pepaya terhadap profil lipid. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan
post-test only control group design terhadap 20 ekor tikus wistar yang kemudian
dibagi secara acak dalam 5 kelompok. Ekstrak etanol biji pepaya diberikan secara per oral dengan dosis 200 mg/kg bb dan 400 mg/kg bb. Simvastatin dosis 0,9 mg/kg bb diberikan secara per oral sebagai kontrol positif. Kuning telur puyuh 1% berat badan dan propiltiourasil dosis 9 mg/kg bb diberikan secara per oral sebagai kontrol pembanding. Pemberian pakan biasa dan air minum sebagai kontrol normal. Kadar profil lipid dalam darah diukur dengan metode kolorimetri enzimatik. Data dianalisis dengan uji One way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji
post hoc Tukey untuk melihat perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan. Analisis statistik
ini menggunakan program SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) versi 15.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia biji pepaya diperoleh kadar air 7,26%, kadar abu total 8,74%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,07%, kadar sari larut dalam air 16,84%, dan kadar sari larut dalam etanol 11,01%. Hasil karakterisasi ekstrak etanol biji pepaya diperoleh kadar air 9,95%, kadar abu total 1,62%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,25%, kadar sari larut dalam air 64,26%, dan kadar sari larut dalam etanol 70,85%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol biji pepaya menunjukkan adanya senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, glikosida, dan steroid/triterpenoid.
Hasil pengujian terhadap profil lipid pada tikus dislipidemia menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan dengan kontrol pembanding, pemberian ekstrak etanol biji pepaya dosis 200 mg/kg bb dan 400 mg/kg bb secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dengan rata-rata 60,25 mg/dl; 54,25 mg/dl; kadar trigliserida 73 mg/dl; 54,25 mg/dl; dan kadar LDL 4,5 mg/dl; 5,25 mg/dl. Hanya dosis 200 mg/kg bb yang tidak memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna dengan kontrol normal. Kadar HDL tidak mengalami peningkatan pada pemberian kedua dosis ekstrak etanol biji pepaya.
Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol biji pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kadar trigliserida, dan kadar LDL, tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan kadar HDL pada tikus dislipidemia.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak etanol biji pepaya, profil lipid, propiltiourasil
EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PAPAYA SEEDS (Carica papaya L.) ON LIPID PROFILE IN RATS (Rattus novergicus)
DYSLIPIDEMIA
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia is characterized by abnormalities in blood lipid profiles. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) on lipid profile parameters, namely total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) dyslipidemia in rats
This study examination of characteristic,
. phytochemical screening of simplicia and ethanol extract of papaya seeds, and testing of ethanol extract of papaya seeds on lipid profile. This study uses an experimental method with post-test only control group design with 20 Wistar rats were then divided randomly into 5 groups. Ethanol extract of papaya seeds administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw. Simvastatin dose of 0.9 mg/kg bw administered orally as a positive control. Quail egg yolk 1% body weight and propylthiouracil dose of 9 mg/kg bw administered orally as a control for comparison. Regular feeding and water drinking as normal controls. Levels of serum lipid profiles were measured by enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test to see significant differences among treatments. The statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 15.
The characterization results obtained simplicia of papaya seeds moisture content of 7.26%, 8.74% total ash content, acid insoluble ash content of 1.07%, levels of water-soluble extract 16.84%, and levels of soluble extract in ethanol 11.01 %. The results of the characterization of ethanol extract of papaya seeds obtained 9.95% moisture content, total ash content of 1.62%, acid insoluble ash content of 0.25%, levels of water-soluble extract 64.26%, and levels of soluble extract in ethanol 70.85%. Results of phytochemical screening of simplicia and ethanol extract of papaya seeds showed the presence of compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids.
The test results showed that the lipid profile compared with the control comparison, ethanol extract of papaya seeds dose of 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw were significantly (p < 0.05) can lower total cholesterol by an average of 60.25 mg/dl; 54.25 mg/dl; triglyceride levels of 73 mg/dl; 54.25 mg/dl; and LDL levels of 4.5 mg/dl; 5.25 mg/dl. Just a dose of 200 mg/kg bw which does not provide any significant difference from normal controls. HDL levels are not increased in both dose administration of ethanol extract of papaya seeds.
The conclusion of this study indicated ethanol extract of papaya seeds can lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, but can not increase HDL levels in dyslipidemia rats.
Keywords: Ethanol extract of papaya seeds, lipid profile, propylthiouracil
