MLA Style G
The Modern Language Association (MLA) sty source of all material you paraphrase, summ This guide shows the most common scenario Research Papers. 7th ed. (McPherson Library Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. (McPheNOTE: Some significant changes have been m Titles are now italicized rather than URLS are no longer required for elec The document format (Print, Web, P Cited list.
General Rules: In-text Citations
• Place the reference where a pause occurs
possible to the relevant material.
• Cite the author’s last name and the releva
Example: Music is thought to be the
• If you include the author’s name in the sen
Example: Blair argues that music is th
• Page numbers may be omitted if a source
numbered paragraphs or sections, use the Example: (Smith, para. 4)
• Multiple sources in the same reference:
Example: (Matthews and Smith 88; S
• No author: use the complete or shortened
Example: (History of Rome 143)
• Two authors with the same surname: Add
name.
• Corporate author (organization, company
rather than the parentheses. Within paren Style Manual for a list of common abbrevia
Examples: This figure doubled in 199 The Canadian Mental Health Associa
• Multiple sources by the same author: add
Example: “A single whisker twitched
Example: Finally, Jones sends her de
• When citing an entire source, or a source
include the author’s name and the title in Example: This tone is evident in Bebb
Guide
) style requires you to cite your sources within the text o mmarize, or quote.
arios for MLA citing. For more examples, see MLA Hand rary Reference, call number LB2369 M53 2009) and the Pherson Library Reference, call number PN147 G526 20
en made for the new edition of the MLA Style Manual an underlined
electronic sources (unless required by your instructor) b, PDF File, DVD, etc.) must be included in every entry i
ns
urs in the sentence (such as before a period, semicolon
levant page number(s). the food of love (Blair 135).
sentence, do not cite it in parentheses. is the food of love (135).
rce lacks page numbers (for example, on many Web so these in the citation.
e: separate citations with a semicolon. 88; Suzuki 105-107)
ned title – book titles are italicized and article titles are
Add the first initial, or, if the authors have the same firs
any, association, etc.): cite the name. If it is long, includ arentheses, shorten commonly abbreviated terms (see reviations).
1991 (Natl. Research Council 65). ociation agrees (195).
add the title, shortened or full. hed” (Jones, Tiger Thief 16).
detective to Yemen (Kat Tales 207).
rce with no page or section numbers, avoid parenthetic e in the sentence.
Bebbington’s History of Economics.
1 ext of your paper. Cite the
andbook for Writers of the MLA Style Manual and 6 2008).
:
try in the Works
olon or comma), as near as
b sources). If a source has
are in quotations.
first initial, add the full first
clude it in the sentence see chapter eight of the MLA
MLA Style G
• Indirect source: avoid taking material from
an indirect source, add qtd. in before the i Example: Bedi praised the “meticulo
• Classic novel or classic prose play: to help
semicolon, and give other identifying infor Example: (Dostoevsky 5; pt. 1, ch. 1)
• Classic poem or classic verse play: omit pa
a period between the numbers.
• You may abbreviate the title of a famous l
Manual chapter eight).
Example: “As meditation . . . / May s
General Rules: List of Works Cite
The list of works cited appears at the end of Format• Begin the list on a new page and give it t • Double space the entire list.
• For each entry, indent all lines other than • Provide page numbers where appropriat • Include the document format (i.e. Print,
List Order
• Alphabetize the list by authors’ last name
any initial A, An, or The.
Authors and Editors
• Reverse the name (e.g., Shakespeare, Wi
the first (e.g., Shakespeare, William, and
• Present names as given in the work you’r • If there are four or more authors or edito • If there’s no known author or editor, beg
Title
• Capitalize the first word and all principal • Separate a title from a subtitle with a col • Italicize the title of a work published inde • Place quotation marks around the title o
page on a Web site.
Publisher’s Name
• Omit articles such as The, business abbre
and Publishers.
• If no publisher is provided, use n.p. • For a university press, abbreviate univers • If the name includes a personal name (e
several personal names (e.g., Farrar, Stra
Guide
from an indirect (secondhand) source. If quoting or par the indirect source.
culous brushwork” (qtd. in Paul 231).
help readers locate the material in other editions, cite th nformation.
. 1)
it page numbers. Cite by division (act, scene, canto, boo
us literary work if you include it in the parenthetical re
ay sweep to my revenge” (Ham. 1.5.36-37).
Cited
of your paper and helps readers locate your sources.
it the heading Works Cited. Centre the heading.
than the first line, one-half inch from the left margin. riate; for example, for journal articles or works from an int, Web, DVD, etc.) in the citation.
ames. If an entry has no author, alphabetize by the title
, William). If an entry has multiple authors or editors, o and Christopher Marlowe).
ou’re citing. If the full name is listed, use the full name editors, you have a choice: name all, or name the first a
begin the entry with the title.
ipal words, including those that follow hyphens in comp colon and one space. Omit the colon if the title ends in independently, such as a book, play, periodical, or Web
le of a work within a larger work, such as an article, ess
bbreviations such as Co. and Ltd., and descriptive words
iversity as U and press as P (e.g., Oxford UP; U of Toront e (e.g., Harry N. Abrams), cite the surname alone (e.g., A Straus, and Giroux), cite only the first (e.g., Farrar).
2 paraphrasing a quotation in
ite the page number, add a
, book, part) and line, placing
al reference (see MLA Style
es.
an anthology.
title, ignoring
rs, only reverse the name of
me (rather than initials). st and add et al.
ompound terms. ds in ? or — or ! Web site.
, essay, poem, short story, or
ords such as Books, House,
ronto P).
MLA Style G
Place of Publication• If multiple cities are listed, use only the f • If no place of publication is provided, use • If the city is outside of the United States,
may be ambiguous or unfamiliar to the
Date of Publication
• If the date of publication is unknown, use • If more than one date of publication is lis • Abbreviate the names of the months exc
Electronic Publications
• NOTE: MLA does not require you to inclu
assignment requirements.
• If you must include a URL, place it after t
Example: Harrison, Justin. “Political S Web. 15 Aug. 2007. <http://www.se
• If possible, provide the entire address (in • If the URL must be divided over two lines • If no publisher is provided, use n.p. • If the document has no page numbers, u • Always provide the date you accessed th • State the document format after the pub
Digital Files and Multimedia
• Give the type of media format at the end
Film, JPEG file, PDF File, MP3 File, etc.). I
Grey Literature
• For examples of citations for technical re
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly
Legal Sources
• The MLA Style Manual refers you to unif
• For Canadian legal sources, use the Cana
for some common sources are included a
• Bill citations should be constructed as fo
(additional information, e.g. passed by H
• Statute citations should be constructed:
pinpoint.
• Case Law citations should be constructed
volume reporter (series – if any) page (co
Guide
he first. , use n.p.
tes, add an abbreviation of the country or province nam reader.
, use n.d. in place of the date. is listed, use the most recent one.
except May, June, and July.
include URLs in citations, but your instructor may. Be su
ter the date of access, enclose in angle brackets, and co ical Science.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2007. En
.search.eb.com/>.
s (including http:// or ftp://) for the work you are citing lines, break it only after a slash, and do not insert a hyp
rs, use n. pag.
d the publication at the end of the citation. publication date and before the date of access.
end of every citation (DVD, Videocassette, Print, Web, . If you do not know the file type, use Digital File.
al reports, pamphlets, advertisements, fact sheets, annu larly Publishing.
uniform legal citation styles for the country of the legisl anadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 6th ed. (KE259 ed at the end of this guide.
s follows: Number, title, session, legislature, jurisdiction by House or Senate – optional).
ted: Title, statute volume, jurisdiction, year, (session or
cted: Style of Cause (year of decision), neutral citation, e (court – if required).
3 name if the name of the city
e sure to confirm the
d conclude with a period. . Encyclopaedia Britannica.
iting.
hyphen at the break.
eb, Performance, Lecture,
annual reports, etc., see
egislation or case law. 259 C36 2006). Examples
ction, year, pinpoint
or supplement), chapter,
MLA Style G
Reference (Works Cited) List Examp
Book: one author (p. 186)
Ableson, Serena. In t
In-text citat
Bedi, Shailoo. New M
---. Children as Muse
Book: group as author (organization, company,
Book: with editor(s) and no named author
Jones, Laurie. Distan
Book: illustrated (p.198)
Kilgour, Nancy. The B
Print.
Book: online (p.216)
Kehoe, Inbarani. Env NetLibrary
Book: translated (p.197) Kilgour, Nancy. Short
Essay, short story, or poem in an anthology (p.190)
Blair, William. “The D Catharines,
Encyclopedia entry (p.194)
Cooley, Kenneth H. “ Print.
1
Page numbers refer to MLA Style Manual and G
Guide
amples
1In the Skin of a Lawyer. Markham, ON: Penguin, 2005. Print
citation: (Ableson 65)
, Carol Gordon, and Pia Russell. When in Rome: Rediscoverin
e Languages. New York: McGraw, 2008. Print.
, Carol Gordon, Ying Liu and Pia Russell. When in Rome: Red
e Languages. New York: McGraw, 2008. Print.
citation: (Aquila, Gordon, Liu and Russell 78) Or: (Aquila et. a
w Metaphors for Ancient Greece. Toronto, ON: U of Toronto
uses in Ancient Greece. Berkeley: U of California P, 2004. Pri
te for Health Information. Improving the Health of Canadians
ttawa, ON, Canada: CIHI, 2007. PDF File.
text citation: (Canadian Mental Health Association [CMHA]
uent citations: (CMHA 54)
M., ed. The Medieval Studies Reader. New York: Garland, 20
citation: (Bebbington 43)
M. Portraits of Women in Medieval Japan. Ed. Danielle Russ
dge UP, 1999. Print.
, Daniel. World Religious Traditions. 3rd ed. New York: Crossr
stance Education. 1994. New York: Springer, 2007. Print.
he Big Book of Terriers. Illus. Liz Ball. Vancouver, BC, Canada
Environmental Tourism in Asia. Amsterdam: Butterworth-He
ary. Web. 15 Aug. 2007.
horter Stories. Trans. Bette Kirchner. New York: Knopf, 2001
he Doane Ukulele Method.” Music Education in Canada. Ed. nes, ON: Vanwell, 2003. 197-203. Print.
H. “Library, Digital.” The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Mac
d Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed.
4 rint.
vering the Roots of the
Rediscovering the Roots of the
et. al. 79)
nto P, 2002. Print.
Print.
ians: Mental Health and
A] 54)
d, 2001. Print.
Russell. Cambridge, Eng.:
ossroad, 1999. Print.
ada: West Coast Books, 2008.
Heinemann, 2007.
001. Print.
Ed. Carlie Graham. St.
MLA Style G
Encyclopedia entry in aless-familiar source (p.194)
Hansen, Elizabeth. “E U of British
Encyclopedia entry online
Harrison, Justin. “Po Web. 15 Au
Journal article from a print journal
(p.185)
Lines, Michael R. “La 241. Print.
Journal article from an online journal
(p.218-219)
Ma, Ophelia. “Visual 2007.
Journal article from an online database (p.220)
Matthews, Kathleen
Premier. We
Magazine article (p.180)
Nelson, Katy. “Is Plut
Magazine article: online Paul, Kathryn. “Nurs
Magazine article: review (p.181)
Rollins, Caron. “Flore Lynne Woo
Newspaper article (p.178)
“The Happiness Dru
In-text citat
Newspaper article online Robin, Randi. “Too M
Film/video recording (p.225)
It’s a Wonderful Life
Republic, 20
Television episode (p.221)
“See Homer Run.” Th
Sound recording (p.223)
Brendle-Moczuk, Da
Image: reproduction in a print source
(p.228)
Goya, Francisco. The History of
In-text citat Goya paint
caption in t Figure 2.Go Source: Wo Suncoast B
Note: In the Works C
Guide
h. “Electronic Books.” Encyclopedia of Digital Media. Ed. Jun tish Columbia P., 2002. Print.
“Political Science.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2007. En 5 Aug. 2007.
. “Law Enforcement in the High Middle Ages.” Journal of Med
nt.
sualizing the Aquatic Food Web.” The Art of Science 9.3 (200
een W. “Dancing with Data.” Big Numbers 45.1 (2004): 13-14 Web. 15 Aug. 2007.
Pluto a Planet?” Discover Apr. 1998: 85-86. Print.
ursing the Economy.” Newsweek 11 Feb. 2006. Web. 15 Aug
lorence Through the Wrong End of the Telescope.” Rev. of oodruff. New Yorker 5 Feb. 2001: 34-35. Print.
Drugs.” Globe and Mail [Toronto] 13 Nov. 2003: B3. Print.
citation: (“The Happiness Drug”)
oo Much Sex in Teen Fiction?” Washington Post 19 May 2005
Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, and
c, 2001. DVD.
The Simpsons. Fox, Los Angeles. 21 Sept. 2003. Television.
, Daniel. “It’s All Uphill.” Wandering Blues. Nettwerk, 2007.
The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado, Madrid. W
ofSpanish Painting. 5th ed. Toronto, ON, Canada: Suncoast B
citation:The Family of Charles IV (see figure 2) was one of se ainted as court painter to the king.
in text (below image):
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo del Woodruff, Lynne. A History ofSpanish Painting. 5th ed. Toron
st Books. 224. Print.
rks Cited, cite the source only, not the individual image.
5 June Smith. 5 vols. Vancouver:
7. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Medieval Law 7 (2006):
234-2000): 71-75. Web. 15 Aug.
14. Academic Search
Aug. 2007.
of The Fountain of Neptune, by
2005. Web. 15 Aug. 2007.
and Lionel Barrymore. 1946.
sion.
CD.
Woodruff, Lynne. A
ast Books. 224. Print.
f several royal portraits
MLA Style G
Image: online(p.217-218)
van Gogh, Vincent.
Museum of
Web site, entire (p.214-215)
Romanesque. Ed. Jea
Web page (p.214-215)
Russell, Danielle. “A Society. We
“Sarah Bernhardt.”
Class Lecture (p.230)
Harrison, Justin. “The Victoria, Vic
Notes or slides posted to Blackboard or Moodle
Harrison, J. (2009). http://moo
Reprinted custom course materials
Smith, June. “Conflic 74.4 (1998) Jones. Victo
Blog Paul, Kathryn. “Can s
5 April 2009
Personal communication (email, interview, etc.) (p.229, 231)
Bebbington, Tina. "R 2009. E-mai
Jones, Laurie. Person
Podcast Nelson, Katy. “How t
and Techno
10 Jan. 200
Legal: Bill Bill 59, An Act to am
(assented
Bill S-36, An Act to am
(as passed b
Statute Income Tax Act, R.S.C
Agricultural Land Co
Canadian Charter of Canada Act
Case Law R. v. Latimer, 2001 S
R. v. Byfield (2005), 7
Guide
nt. The Starry Night. 1889. Museum of Mod. Art, New York.
m of Modern Art. Web. 14 Jan. 2007.
. Jean Macgregor. 4 July 2007. Architecture Education Socie
. “A Timeline of English Literature.” History in a Nutshell. 3 D Web. 15 Aug. 2007.
t.” Theatre Greats. n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2007.
“The Comedic Tradition in Canadian Short Films.” ENGL 335 , Victoria, BC. 4 October 2008. Lecture.
9). The economic impact of resource development in BC. 24 Ja
oodle.uvic.ca/. Course Notes.
nflict resolution in multicultural households.” Canadian Mult
998): 20-34. Rpt. in DR 502: Conflict, Culture and Diversity Co
Victoria, BC: University of Victoria Bookstore, 2008. 255-64.
an students survive on Google alone?” The Searching Librari
009.
. "Re: Thoughts on today’s class discussion." Message to aut mail.
rsonal Interview. 26 Nov. 2008.
ow to encourage girls to study engineering,” Host Kathleen M
chnology Education Today. Canadian Public Science Associati
2009.
amend the Civil Code as regards marriage, 1st Sess., 37th Le
ed to 10 November 2004), S.Q. 2004, c.23.
to amend the Export and Import of Rough Diamonds Act, 1st
ed by the Senate 20 June 2005).
R.S.C. 1985 (5th Supp.), c. 1, S. 18(1)(m)(iv)(c).
Commission Act, S.B.C. 2002, c. 36.
r of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982 Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11.
01 SCC 1, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 3 at para. 10, 193 D.L.R. (4th) 577.
5), 74 O.R. (3d) 206 (C.A.).
6
rk. MoMA: The
ociety. Web. 15 Aug. 2008.
3 Dec. 2006. The History
335 Class. University of
24 Jan. 2008.
ulticultural Studies
Course Reader. Comp. Laurie
rarian. 14 January 2009. Web.
author. 27 February
en Matthews. Science
ciation, 13 Oct. 2008. MP3 file.
h Leg., Quebec, 2004,
st Sess., 38th Parl., 2005, cl. 3
